{"id":10478,"date":"2026-09-26T11:30:30","date_gmt":"2026-09-26T10:30:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-8-redox-chemistry-and-groups-1-2-and-7\/8b-groups-1-and-2\/reactions-of-the-group-1-and-2-elements\/"},"modified":"2026-10-04T23:02:40","modified_gmt":"2026-10-04T22:02:40","slug":"reactions-of-the-group-1-and-2-elements","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-8-redox-chemistry-and-groups-1-2-and-7\/8b-groups-1-and-2\/reactions-of-the-group-1-and-2-elements\/","title":{"rendered":"Reactions of the Group 1 and 2 Elements"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"ols-revision-page ols-redox-groups-page\">\n  <style>\n    .ols-revision-page {\n      --navy: #1C244B;\n      --blue: #2563eb;\n      --soft-blue: #eef4ff;\n      --soft-red: #fff7f7;\n      --soft-purple: #f7f0ff;\n  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border-radius: 18px;\n      padding: 18px 20px;\n      box-shadow: var(--inner-shadow);\n    }\n.ols-faq-item h3 {\n      margin: 0 0 8px;\n      font-size: 20px;\n      line-height: 1.3;\n      color: var(--navy);\n    }\n.ols-faq-item p {\n      margin: 0;\n      font-size: 16px;\n      line-height: 1.65;\n      color: var(--body-text);\n    }\n.ols-faq-card,\n      .ols-quicksnap-card,\n      .ols-attribution-card {\n        padding: 24px 18px;\n        border-radius: 22px;\n      }\n  <\/style>\n\n    <aside class=\"ols-sidebar\">\n  <div class=\"ols-sidebar-header\">\n    <h3>Revision Notes<\/h3>\n    <p>A Level Chemistry<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\n    <h4>Topic 8 Redox &amp; Groups 1, 2 and 7<\/h4>\n\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-8-redox-chemistry-and-groups-1-2-and-7\/\">Topic 8 Overview<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-8-redox-chemistry-and-groups-1-2-and-7\/8a-redox-chemistry\/\">Topic 8A Redox Chemistry<\/a>\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-8-redox-chemistry-and-groups-1-2-and-7\/8a-redox-chemistry\/oxidation-numbers\/\">Oxidation Numbers<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-8-redox-chemistry-and-groups-1-2-and-7\/8a-redox-chemistry\/electron-transfer-and-half-equations\/\">Electron Transfer and Half-Equations<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-8-redox-chemistry-and-groups-1-2-and-7\/8a-redox-chemistry\/disproportionation\/\">Disproportionation<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-8-redox-chemistry-and-groups-1-2-and-7\/8a-redox-chemistry\/redox-classification\/\">Redox Classification<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-8-redox-chemistry-and-groups-1-2-and-7\/8b-groups-1-and-2\/\">Topic 8B Groups 1 and 2<\/a>\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-8-redox-chemistry-and-groups-1-2-and-7\/8b-groups-1-and-2\/trends-down-groups-1-and-2\/\">Trends Down Groups 1 and 2<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-8-redox-chemistry-and-groups-1-2-and-7\/8b-groups-1-and-2\/reactions-of-the-group-1-and-2-elements\/\">Reactions of the Group 1 and 2 Elements<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-8-redox-chemistry-and-groups-1-2-and-7\/8b-groups-1-and-2\/oxides-hydroxides-and-carbonates\/\">Oxides, Hydroxides and Carbonates<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-8-redox-chemistry-and-groups-1-2-and-7\/8b-groups-1-and-2\/solubility-trends-and-the-sulfate-test\/\">Solubility Trends and the Sulfate Test<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-8-redox-chemistry-and-groups-1-2-and-7\/8b-groups-1-and-2\/thermal-stability-and-flame-colours\/\">Thermal Stability and Flame Colours<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-8-redox-chemistry-and-groups-1-2-and-7\/8b-groups-1-and-2\/tests-for-ions\/\">Tests for Ions<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-8-redox-chemistry-and-groups-1-2-and-7\/8b-groups-1-and-2\/titrations-and-measurement-uncertainty\/\">Titrations and Measurement Uncertainty<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/core-practicals\/cp-3-concentration-of-hcl-by-titration\/\">Core Practical 3<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/core-practicals\/cp-4-preparation-of-a-standard-solution\/\">Core Practical 4<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-8-redox-chemistry-and-groups-1-2-and-7\/8c-group-7\/\">Topic 8C Group 7<\/a>\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-8-redox-chemistry-and-groups-1-2-and-7\/8c-group-7\/trends-in-the-halogens\/\">Trends in the Halogens<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-8-redox-chemistry-and-groups-1-2-and-7\/8c-group-7\/halogens-as-oxidising-agents\/\">Halogens as Oxidising Agents<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-8-redox-chemistry-and-groups-1-2-and-7\/8c-group-7\/disproportionation-reactions-of-chlorine\/\">Disproportionation Reactions of Chlorine<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-8-redox-chemistry-and-groups-1-2-and-7\/8c-group-7\/halide-ions-reducing-agents-and-tests\/\">Halide Ions: Reducing Agents and Tests<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n      <\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\n    <h4>Other Topics<\/h4>\n\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-6-energetics\/\">Topic 6 Energetics<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-7-intermolecular-forces\/\">Topic 7 Intermolecular Forces<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-2-atomic-structure-and-the-periodic-table\/\">Topic 2 Atomic Structure &amp; The Periodic Table<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/core-practicals\/\">Core Practicals<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n  <\/div>\n<\/aside>\n\n<script>\r\n(function() {\r\n  function normalisePath(path) {\r\n    return String(path || '')\r\n      .split('?')[0]\r\n      .split('#')[0]\r\n      .replace(\/\\\/+$\/, '')\r\n      .toLowerCase();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function highlightActive() {\r\n    var sidebar = document.querySelector('.ols-sidebar');\r\n    if (!sidebar) return false;\r\n\r\n    var currentPath = normalisePath(window.location.pathname);\r\n    var links = sidebar.querySelectorAll('a[href]');\r\n    var matched = null;\r\n    var matchedLength = 0;\r\n\r\n    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'active-main');\r\n          matched.setAttribute('aria-current', 'page');\r\n          matched.setAttribute('tabindex', '-1');\r\n          matched.setAttribute('data-ols-disabled-parent', '1');\r\n        }\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    return true;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  if (!highlightActive()) {\r\n    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', highlightActive);\r\n  }\r\n})();\r\n<\/script>\r\n\n\n    <main class=\"ols-main\">\n\n      <!-- BREADCRUMBS - updated with full path and correct links -->\n      <nav class=\"ols-breadcrumbs\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/\">Revision Notes<\/a> \/\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/\">A Level Chemistry<\/a> \/\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/\">Edexcel International<\/a> \/\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-8-redox-chemistry-and-groups-1-2-and-7\/\">Topic 8 Redox Chemistry and Groups 1, 2 and 7<\/a> \/\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-8-redox-chemistry-and-groups-1-2-and-7\/8b-groups-1-and-2\/\">Topic 8B Groups 1 and 2<\/a> \/\n<span>Reactions of the Group 1 and 2 Elements<\/span>\n<\/nav>\n\n      <header class=\"ols-title-card\">\n        <h1>Reactions of the Group 1 and 2 Elements<\/h1>\n        <p class=\"ols-page-intro\">A concise revision guide to the reactions of the s-block metals with oxygen, chlorine, water (and steam for magnesium) and dilute acids, with equations, observations and the trend in vigour down each group.<\/p>\n        <div class=\"ols-badges\">\n<div class=\"ols-badge\">Exam board: Edexcel International<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-badge\">Unit 2: WCH12\/01<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-badge\">Topic 8B Groups 1 and 2<\/div>\n<\/div>\n        <div class=\"ols-author\">\n\n    <img decoding=\"async\"\n      class=\"ols-author-avatar-img\"\n      src=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Author-Profile.jpeg\"\n      alt=\"Dr. Mohammed Al-Fatah\"\n    >\n\n    <div class=\"ols-author-content\">\n\n      <h2 class=\"ols-author-title\">\n        Written by: Dr. Mohammed Al-Fatah\n      <\/h2>\n\n      <p class=\"ols-author-description\">\n        Chemistry specialist revision notes for A Level Chemistry.\n      <\/p>\n\n      <a class=\"ols-linkedin-pill\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/doctormohammedfatah\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\n        <svg class=\"ols-linkedin-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n          <path d=\"M4.98 3.5C4.98 4.88 3.86 6 2.48 6S0 4.88 0 3.5 1.12 1 2.48 1s2.5 1.12 2.5 2.5zM.5 8h4V24h-4V8zm7 0h3.8v2.2h.1c.5-.9 1.8-2.2 3.9-2.2 4.2 0 5 2.8 5 6.4V24h-4v-7.6c0-1.8 0-4.2-2.6-4.2s-3 2-3 4v7.8h-4V8z\"\/>\n        <\/svg>\n        View LinkedIn Profile\n      <\/a>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n      <\/header>\n\n      <article class=\"ols-note-card\">\n<div class=\"ols-note-title\">\n<div class=\"ols-note-icon\">1<\/div>\n<h2>Reactions with Oxygen<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>All the s-block metals burn in oxygen to form <strong>ionic oxides<\/strong>. The metal is oxidised and oxygen is reduced from 0 to \u22122. Group 1 forms M\u2082O and Group 2 forms MO, with the flame colours that are also seen in flame tests.<\/p>\n<p>4Li + O\u2082 \u2192 2Li\u2082O &nbsp;(red flame) &nbsp;&nbsp; 4Na + O\u2082 \u2192 2Na\u2082O &nbsp;(yellow flame) &nbsp;&nbsp; 4K + O\u2082 \u2192 2K\u2082O &nbsp;(lilac flame)<\/p>\n<p>2Mg + O\u2082 \u2192 2MgO &nbsp;(bright white flame) &nbsp;&nbsp; 2Ca + O\u2082 \u2192 2CaO &nbsp;(brick red) &nbsp;&nbsp; 2Sr + O\u2082 \u2192 2SrO &nbsp;(red) &nbsp;&nbsp; 2Ba + O\u2082 \u2192 2BaO &nbsp;(apple green)<\/p>\n<p>The vigour increases down each group. Sodium and potassium in excess oxygen also form higher oxides (sodium peroxide, Na\u2082O\u2082, and potassium superoxide, KO\u2082), which is why they are stored under oil, but the simple oxides are the equations expected in an exam.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-key-box\">\n<p><strong>Exam focus:<\/strong> Write the equation with the correct formula of the oxide: Group 1 oxides are M\u2082O, Group 2 oxides are MO. Balancing follows from the formula.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article class=\"ols-note-card soft\">\n<div class=\"ols-note-title\">\n<div class=\"ols-note-icon\">2<\/div>\n<h2>Reactions with Chlorine<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>The metals react with chlorine on heating to give <strong>ionic chlorides<\/strong>, with a bright flame and white smoke of the solid chloride. Chlorine is reduced from 0 to \u22121 as the metal is oxidised.<\/p>\n<p>2Na + Cl\u2082 \u2192 2NaCl &nbsp;&nbsp; 2K + Cl\u2082 \u2192 2KCl &nbsp;&nbsp; Mg + Cl\u2082 \u2192 MgCl\u2082 &nbsp;&nbsp; Ca + Cl\u2082 \u2192 CaCl\u2082<\/p>\n<p>The chlorides are white solids that dissolve in water to give neutral solutions, because the metal ions do not react with water and chloride is the ion of a strong acid.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-key-box\">\n<p><strong>Key idea:<\/strong> Group 1 gives MCl and Group 2 gives MCl\u2082. The charge on the metal ion fixes the formula, and the formula fixes the balancing.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<section class=\"ols-h5p-card ols-h5p-inline\">\n<span class=\"ols-h5p-kicker\">Check your understanding<\/span>\n<h2>Check: Equations with Oxygen and Chlorine<\/h2>\n<p>Write balanced equations, with the correct formula of the product, for s-block metals not shown above.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-h5p-frame\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-867\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"867\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Redox and Groups Fill In: Equations with Oxygen and Chlorine\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<article class=\"ols-note-card purple\">\n<div class=\"ols-note-title\">\n<div class=\"ols-note-icon\">3<\/div>\n<h2>Reactions with Water<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>The <strong>Group 1<\/strong> metals react with cold water to give the metal hydroxide and hydrogen. The reaction gets faster down the group: lithium fizzes steadily, sodium melts into a ball that skates on the surface, potassium ignites the hydrogen with a lilac flame.<\/p>\n<p>2Na + 2H\u2082O \u2192 2NaOH + H\u2082<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>Group 2<\/strong> metals follow the same pattern but more slowly. Magnesium reacts very slowly with cold water, giving a few bubbles over several days, but reacts quickly with steam to give the <strong>oxide<\/strong>, not the hydroxide, because magnesium hydroxide decomposes at the temperature of the reaction:<\/p>\n<p>Mg + 2H\u2082O(l) \u2192 Mg(OH)\u2082 + H\u2082 &nbsp;(very slow) &nbsp;&nbsp; Mg + H\u2082O(g) \u2192 MgO + H\u2082 &nbsp;(fast, bright white glow)<\/p>\n<p>Calcium reacts steadily with cold water and the solution turns cloudy, because calcium hydroxide is only slightly soluble: Ca + 2H\u2082O \u2192 Ca(OH)\u2082 + H\u2082. Strontium and barium react more vigorously and give clear solutions, because their hydroxides are more soluble.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-figure-card ols-zoom-pop\">\n<div class=\"ols-figure-image\">\n<a class=\"ols-image-fullscreen-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/redox-groups-reactions-group-1-and-2-metals.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"Open image fullscreen\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/redox-groups-reactions-group-1-and-2-metals.png\" alt=\"Table of the reactions of the Group 1 and Group 2 metals with oxygen, chlorine, water and dilute acid\" data-fullscreen-src=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/redox-groups-reactions-group-1-and-2-metals.png\">\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-figure-caption\"><p>The vigour of each reaction increases down both groups, and the products are the hydroxide with water, the oxide with steam, and the oxide and chloride with oxygen and chlorine.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-key-box\">\n<p><strong>Common mistake:<\/strong> Writing MgO for magnesium in cold water. Liquid water gives the hydroxide; only steam gives the oxide.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<section class=\"ols-h5p-card ols-h5p-inline\">\n<span class=\"ols-h5p-kicker\">Check your understanding<\/span>\n<h2>Check: Observations with Water<\/h2>\n<p>Match metals to their observations with water and steam, and explain the cloudiness seen with one of them.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-h5p-frame\"><div class=\"h5p-content\" data-content-id=\"868\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<article class=\"ols-note-card\">\n<div class=\"ols-note-title\">\n<div class=\"ols-note-icon\">4<\/div>\n<h2>Reactions with Dilute Acids<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>The metals react with dilute acids to give a <strong>salt and hydrogen<\/strong>. The reaction is a redox reaction in which the metal is oxidised and hydrogen ions are reduced. Magnesium with hydrochloric acid fizzes vigorously and the test tube gets hot:<\/p>\n<p>Mg + 2HCl \u2192 MgCl\u2082 + H\u2082 &nbsp;&nbsp; ionic: Mg + 2H\u207a \u2192 Mg\u00b2\u207a + H\u2082<\/p>\n<p>Mg + H\u2082SO\u2084 \u2192 MgSO\u2084 + H\u2082 &nbsp;&nbsp; Ca + 2HCl \u2192 CaCl\u2082 + H\u2082<\/p>\n<p>With <strong>sulfuric acid<\/strong> the reaction of calcium, strontium and barium quickly slows down, because their sulfates are insoluble and coat the metal. This is the same solubility trend as the sulfate test, seen from the other side.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-key-box\">\n<p><strong>Exam focus:<\/strong> The ionic equation is the same for every metal and every strong acid: metal + H\u207a ions. Use it to show that the acid is the oxidising agent.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-figure-card ols-zoom-pop\">\n<div class=\"ols-figure-image\">\n<a class=\"ols-image-fullscreen-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/t8x-acidcoat.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"Open image fullscreen\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/t8x-acidcoat.jpg\" alt=\"Poster of s-block metals with dilute acids: equations, half-equations and an insoluble sulfate coating with sulfuric acid.\" data-fullscreen-src=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/t8x-acidcoat.jpg\">\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-figure-caption\"><p>Every metal and dilute acid reaction is a redox reaction in which H\u207a ions oxidise the metal, but with sulfuric acid an insoluble sulfate layer soon stops calcium, strontium and barium reacting.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<section class=\"ols-h5p-card ols-h5p-inline\">\n<span class=\"ols-h5p-kicker\">Check your understanding<\/span>\n<h2>Check: Redox in the Metal Reactions<\/h2>\n<p>For reactions not printed above, name the species oxidised and reduced and give the oxidation number changes.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-h5p-frame\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-869\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"869\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Redox and Groups Quick Choice: Redox in the Metal Reactions\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<article class=\"ols-note-card\">\n<div class=\"ols-note-title\">\n<div class=\"ols-note-icon\">5<\/div>\n<h2>Common Exam Points<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Write the equation for a Group 2 metal reacting with water<\/h3><p>M + 2H\u2082O \u2192 M(OH)\u2082 + H\u2082, unless the water is steam, when magnesium gives MgO + H\u2082.<\/p>\n<h3>Explain the observation with calcium and water<\/h3><p>The solution turns cloudy because calcium hydroxide is only sparingly soluble, so some forms as a white solid.<\/p>\n<h3>Identify the reducing agent when a metal reacts with an acid<\/h3><p>The metal, because it loses electrons and its oxidation number increases.<\/p>\n<h3>Do not say<\/h3><p>&#8220;Magnesium reacts vigorously with cold water&#8221;; &#8220;the metal is reduced&#8221;; &#8220;MgO forms with liquid water&#8221;.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<section class=\"ols-faq-card\">\n<h2>FAQs<\/h2>\n<p>Use these quick answers to check the reactions of the s-block metals.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"ols-faq-list\">\n<div class=\"ols-faq-item\">\n<h3>What is the difference between magnesium in water and in steam?<\/h3>\n<p>With cold water magnesium reacts very slowly to give magnesium hydroxide; with steam it reacts quickly to give magnesium oxide and hydrogen.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ols-faq-item\">\n<h3>Why does the solution go cloudy when calcium reacts with water?<\/h3>\n<p>Calcium hydroxide is only slightly soluble, so some of it forms as a white solid.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ols-faq-item\">\n<h3>Which is the reducing agent when a metal reacts with an acid?<\/h3>\n<p>The metal, because it loses electrons and its oxidation number rises; the hydrogen ions are the oxidising agent.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ols-faq-item\">\n<h3>Why does the reaction of calcium with sulfuric acid slow down?<\/h3>\n<p>Calcium sulfate is only slightly soluble, so it coats the metal and stops the acid reaching it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ols-faq-item\">\n<h3>Why are the alkali metals stored under oil?<\/h3>\n<p>They react with oxygen and water vapour in the air; the oil keeps both away.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ols-related-card\">\n<h2>Related Topic 8B Groups 1 and 2 Pages<\/h2>\n<p>Use these pages to connect the ideas across groups 1 and 2 and the rest of Topic 8.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-related-grid\">\n<a class=\"ols-related-item\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-8-redox-chemistry-and-groups-1-2-and-7\/8b-groups-1-and-2\/trends-down-groups-1-and-2\/\">Trends Down Groups 1 and 2<\/a>\n<a class=\"ols-related-item\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-8-redox-chemistry-and-groups-1-2-and-7\/8b-groups-1-and-2\/oxides-hydroxides-and-carbonates\/\">Oxides, Hydroxides and Carbonates<\/a>\n<a class=\"ols-related-item\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-8-redox-chemistry-and-groups-1-2-and-7\/8b-groups-1-and-2\/solubility-trends-and-the-sulfate-test\/\">Solubility Trends and the Sulfate Test<\/a>\n<a class=\"ols-related-item\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-8-redox-chemistry-and-groups-1-2-and-7\/8b-groups-1-and-2\/thermal-stability-and-flame-colours\/\">Thermal Stability and Flame Colours<\/a>\n<a class=\"ols-related-item\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-8-redox-chemistry-and-groups-1-2-and-7\/8b-groups-1-and-2\/tests-for-ions\/\">Tests for Ions<\/a>\n<a class=\"ols-related-item\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-8-redox-chemistry-and-groups-1-2-and-7\/8b-groups-1-and-2\/titrations-and-measurement-uncertainty\/\">Titrations and Measurement Uncertainty<\/a>\n<a class=\"ols-related-item\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-8-redox-chemistry-and-groups-1-2-and-7\/8b-groups-1-and-2\/\">Topic 8B Groups 1 and 2 Overview<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ols-attribution-card\">\n        <p><strong>Copyright notice:<\/strong> This OLS revision content, including the explanations, layout, diagrams, tables and embedded learning structure, is authored for Online Learning System by Dr. Mohammed Al-Fatah. 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