{"id":10580,"date":"2026-09-26T11:35:20","date_gmt":"2026-09-26T10:35:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-10-group-2\/"},"modified":"2026-09-26T11:35:20","modified_gmt":"2026-09-26T10:35:20","slug":"topic-10-group-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-10-group-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Topic 10 Group 2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"ols-cie10-page\">\n\n  <aside class=\"ols-sidebar\">\n  <div class=\"ols-sidebar-header\">\n    <h3>Revision Notes<\/h3>\n    <p>A Level Chemistry<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\n    <h4>Topic 10 Group 2<\/h4>\n\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-10-group-2\/\">Topic Overview<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-10-group-2\/trends-down-groups-1-and-2\/\">Trends Down Groups 1 and 2<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-10-group-2\/reactions-of-the-group-1-and-2-elements\/\">Reactions of the Group 1 and 2 Elements<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-10-group-2\/oxides-hydroxides-and-carbonates\/\">Oxides, Hydroxides and Carbonates<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-10-group-2\/solubility-trends-and-the-sulfate-test\/\">Solubility Trends and the Sulfate Test<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-10-group-2\/thermal-stability-and-flame-colours\/\">Thermal Stability and Flame Colours<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-10-group-2\/tests-for-ions\/\">Tests for Ions<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\n    <h4>Other Sections<\/h4>\n\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-6-electrochemistry\/\">Topic 6 Electrochemistry<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-11-group-17\/\">Topic 11 Group 17<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a 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#facc15 45%, #a16207 100%); }\n    .ols-cie10-visual--cd { background: radial-gradient(circle at 24% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.46), transparent 24%), linear-gradient(135deg, #f0fdf4 0%, #86efac 45%, #166534 100%); }\n    .ols-cie10-visual--hi { background: radial-gradient(circle at 24% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.46), transparent 24%), linear-gradient(135deg, #fdf4ff 0%, #d8b4fe 45%, #7e22ce 100%); }\n  <\/style>\n\n  <!-- BREADCRUMB BAR -->\n  <div class=\"ols-cie10-breadcrumb-bar\">\n    <div class=\"ols-cie10-container\">\n      <nav class=\"ols-cie10-breadcrumb\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\">\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/\">Revision Notes<\/a> \/\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/\">A Level Chemistry<\/a> \/\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/\">Cambridge International (CIE)<\/a> \/\n          <span>Topic 10 Group 2<\/span>\n        <\/nav>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <!-- INTRO -->\n  <section class=\"ols-cie10-intro\">\n    <div class=\"ols-cie10-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-cie10-intro-inner\">\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie10-eyebrow\">Cambridge International AS &amp; A Level Chemistry<\/div>\n          <h1>Topic 10<br>Group 2<\/h1>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie10-accent-bar\"><\/div>\n          <p class=\"ols-cie10-intro-lead\">Topic 10 covers the reactions of the Group 2 elements with oxygen, water and dilute acids, the reactions of their oxides, hydroxides and carbonates with water and acids, the thermal decomposition of the nitrates and carbonates and the trend in stability, the variation in solubility of the hydroxides and sulfates, and predictions from these trends. Group 1 is kept on the pages for comparison; the tests for ions page supports the qualitative analysis in the practical papers.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"ols-cie10-info-grid\">\n          <div class=\"ols-cie10-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-cie10-info-card-label\">Exam Papers<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie10-info-card-value\">Papers 1 &amp; 2<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie10-info-card-sub\">9701 AS Level<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie10-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-cie10-info-card-label\">Learning Outcomes<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie10-info-card-value\">10.1.1 &#8211; 10.1.5<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie10-info-card-sub\">5 outcomes covered<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie10-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-cie10-info-card-label\">Topic Parts<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie10-info-card-value\">6 pages<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie10-info-card-sub\">Revision notes available<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie10-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-cie10-info-card-label\">Exam Board<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie10-info-card-value\">Cambridge<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie10-info-card-sub\">9701 (2025 onwards)<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- TOPIC CARDS -->\n  <section class=\"ols-cie10-topics\">\n    <div class=\"ols-cie10-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-cie10-section-header\">\n        <h2 class=\"ols-cie10-section-title\">Revision Notes<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"ols-cie10-section-sub\">Work through Topic 10 Group 2 in a structured sequence.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"ols-cie10-cards-grid\">\n\n        <!-- Card 1: Trends Down Groups 1 and 2 -->\n        <a class=\"ols-cie10-card ols-cie10-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-10-group-2\/trends-down-groups-1-and-2\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-cie10-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-cie10-visual ols-cie10-visual--tr\">\n              <div class=\"ols-cie10-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-cie10-visual-kicker\">Down the group<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie10-visual-main\">Group<br>Trends<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie10-config-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>radius, ionisation energy, reactivity<\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-cie10-card-num\">1<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie10-card-status ols-cie10-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie10-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-cie10-card-title\">Trends Down Groups 1 and 2<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-cie10-card-desc\">The trends down Group 2: atomic radius, ionisation energies, melting points and the increase in reactivity down the group.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie10-card-cta\">Start revising<svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 2: Reactions of the Group 1 and 2 Elements -->\n        <a class=\"ols-cie10-card ols-cie10-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-10-group-2\/reactions-of-the-group-1-and-2-elements\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-cie10-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-cie10-visual ols-cie10-visual--re\">\n              <div class=\"ols-cie10-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-cie10-visual-kicker\">The elements<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie10-visual-main\">Metal<br>Reactions<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie10-config-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>oxygen, chlorine, water, acids<\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-cie10-card-num\">2<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie10-card-status ols-cie10-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie10-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-cie10-card-title\">Reactions of the Group 1 and 2 Elements<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-cie10-card-desc\">The reactions of the Group 2 elements with oxygen, chlorine, water, steam and dilute acids, with equations, observations and redox analysis.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie10-card-cta\">Start revising<svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 3: Oxides, Hydroxides and Carbonates -->\n        <a class=\"ols-cie10-card ols-cie10-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-10-group-2\/oxides-hydroxides-and-carbonates\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-cie10-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-cie10-visual ols-cie10-visual--oh\">\n              <div class=\"ols-cie10-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-cie10-visual-kicker\">Bases<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie10-visual-main\">Oxides and<br>Hydroxides<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie10-config-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>water, acids, pH, uses<\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-cie10-card-num\">3<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie10-card-status ols-cie10-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie10-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-cie10-card-title\">Oxides, Hydroxides and Carbonates<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-cie10-card-desc\">Group 2 oxides, hydroxides and carbonates: reactions with water and acids, pH trend, and uses of Ca(OH)\u2082, Mg(OH)\u2082 and CaCO\u2083.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie10-card-cta\">Start revising<svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 4: Solubility Trends and the Sulfate Test -->\n        <a class=\"ols-cie10-card ols-cie10-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-10-group-2\/solubility-trends-and-the-sulfate-test\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-cie10-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-cie10-visual ols-cie10-visual--so\">\n              <div class=\"ols-cie10-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-cie10-visual-kicker\">Opposite trends<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie10-visual-main\">Solubility<br>Trends<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie10-config-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>hydroxides up, sulfates down<\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-cie10-card-num\">4<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie10-card-status ols-cie10-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie10-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-cie10-card-title\">Solubility Trends and the Sulfate Test<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-cie10-card-desc\">Group 2 solubility trends: hydroxides and sulfates, Mg(OH)\u2082 and BaSO\u2084, the acidified barium chloride test for sulfate ions and barium meals.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie10-card-cta\">Start revising<svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 5: Thermal Stability and Flame Colours -->\n        <a class=\"ols-cie10-card ols-cie10-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-10-group-2\/thermal-stability-and-flame-colours\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-cie10-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-cie10-visual ols-cie10-visual--ts\">\n              <div class=\"ols-cie10-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-cie10-visual-kicker\">Heat and light<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie10-visual-main\">Thermal<br>Stability<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie10-config-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>polarisation and flame colours<\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-cie10-card-num\">5<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie10-card-status ols-cie10-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie10-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-cie10-card-title\">Thermal Stability and Flame Colours<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-cie10-card-desc\">Thermal stability of Group 1 and 2 nitrates and carbonates, polarisation by the cation, the experiments, and flame colours explained by electron transitions.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie10-card-cta\">Start revising<svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 6: Tests for Ions -->\n        <a class=\"ols-cie10-card ols-cie10-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-10-group-2\/tests-for-ions\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-cie10-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-cie10-visual ols-cie10-visual--ti\">\n              <div class=\"ols-cie10-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-cie10-visual-kicker\">Qualitative analysis<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie10-visual-main\">Tests for<br>Ions<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie10-config-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>CO\u2083\u00b2\u207b, SO\u2084\u00b2\u207b, halides, NH\u2084\u207a<\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-cie10-card-num\">6<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie10-card-status ols-cie10-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie10-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-cie10-card-title\">Tests for Ions<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-cie10-card-desc\">Tests for carbonate, hydrogencarbonate, sulfate, halide and ammonium ions, with ionic equations and the order of tests on an unknown.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie10-card-cta\">Start revising<svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- SPECIFICATION -->\n  <section class=\"ols-cie10-spec-section\">\n    <div class=\"ols-cie10-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-cie10-spec-wrap\">\n        <div class=\"ols-cie10-spec-pill\">Specification Coverage<\/div>\n        <h2 class=\"ols-cie10-spec-heading\">Topic 10 Group 2 &#8211; Cambridge International AS Level Chemistry<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"ols-cie10-spec-intro-text\">The following Cambridge learning outcomes state what candidates should be able to do. Wording is taken from the Cambridge International AS &amp; A Level Chemistry (9701) syllabus.<\/p>\n        <h3 class=\"ols-cie10-spec-group-title\">10.1 Similarities and trends in the properties of the Group 2 metals and their compounds<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"ols-cie10-spec-rows\">\n          <div class=\"ols-cie10-spec-row ols-cie10-spec-row--light\"><div class=\"ols-cie10-spec-code\">10.1.1<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie10-spec-text\">describe, and write equations for, the reactions of the elements with oxygen, water and dilute hydrochloric and sulfuric acids<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie10-spec-row ols-cie10-spec-row--mid\"><div class=\"ols-cie10-spec-code ols-cie10-spec-code--mid\">10.1.2<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie10-spec-text\">describe, and write equations for, the reactions of the oxides, hydroxides and carbonates with water and with dilute hydrochloric and sulfuric acids<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie10-spec-row ols-cie10-spec-row--light\"><div class=\"ols-cie10-spec-code\">10.1.3<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie10-spec-text\">describe, and write equations for, the thermal decomposition of the nitrates and carbonates, and describe the trend in thermal stability<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie10-spec-row ols-cie10-spec-row--mid\"><div class=\"ols-cie10-spec-code ols-cie10-spec-code--mid\">10.1.4<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie10-spec-text\">describe, and make predictions from, the trends in physical and chemical properties of the elements and compounds in 10.1.1 to 10.1.5<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie10-spec-row ols-cie10-spec-row--light\"><div class=\"ols-cie10-spec-code\">10.1.5<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie10-spec-text\">state the variation in the solubilities of the hydroxides and sulfates<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@graph\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": 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