{"id":10722,"date":"2026-09-26T13:55:17","date_gmt":"2026-09-26T12:55:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-10-equilibrium-i\/"},"modified":"2026-09-26T13:55:17","modified_gmt":"2026-09-26T12:55:17","slug":"topic-10-equilibrium-i","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-10-equilibrium-i\/","title":{"rendered":"Topic 10 &#8211; Equilibrium I"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"ols-t10-page\">\n\n  <aside class=\"ols-sidebar\">\n  <div class=\"ols-sidebar-header\">\n    <h3>Revision Notes<\/h3>\n    <p>A Level Chemistry<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\n    <h4>Topic 10 Equilibrium I<\/h4>\n\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-10-equilibrium-i\/\">Topic 10 Overview<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-10-equilibrium-i\/dynamic-equilibrium\/\">Dynamic Equilibrium<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-10-equilibrium-i\/le-chateliers-principle\/\">Le Chatelier's Principle<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-10-equilibrium-i\/equilibria-in-industry\/\">Equilibria in Industry<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-10-equilibrium-i\/equilibrium-constant-kc\/\">The Equilibrium Constant Kc<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\n    <h4>Other Sections<\/h4>\n\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-9-kinetics-i\/\">Topic 9 Kinetics I<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-8-energetics-i\/\">Topic 8 Energetics I<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-3-redox-i\/\">Topic 3 Redox I<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-5-formulae-equations-and-amounts-of-substance\/\">Topic 5 Formulae, Equations &amp; Amounts<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n  <\/div>\n<\/aside>\n\n<script>\r\n(function() {\r\n  function normalisePath(path) {\r\n    return String(path || '')\r\n      .split('?')[0]\r\n      .split('#')[0]\r\n      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rgba(255,255,255,0.46), transparent 24%), linear-gradient(135deg, #fefce8 0%, #facc15 45%, #854d0e 100%); }\n    .ols-t10-visual--ab { background: radial-gradient(circle at 24% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.46), transparent 24%), linear-gradient(135deg, #fdf2f8 0%, #f472b6 45%, #9d174d 100%); }\n  <\/style>\n\n  <!-- BREADCRUMB BAR - sits above everything -->\n  <div class=\"ols-t10-breadcrumb-bar\">\n    <div class=\"ols-t10-container\">\n      <nav class=\"ols-t10-breadcrumb\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\">\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/\">Revision Notes<\/a> \/\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/\">A Level Chemistry<\/a> \/\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/\">Edexcel<\/a> \/\n          <span>Topic 10 Equilibrium I<\/span>\n        <\/nav>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <!-- INTRO -->\n  <section class=\"ols-t10-intro\">\n    <div class=\"ols-t10-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-t10-intro-inner\">\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t10-eyebrow\">Edexcel A Level Chemistry<\/div>\n          <h1>Topic 10<br>Equilibrium I<\/h1>\n          <div class=\"ols-t10-accent-bar\"><\/div>\n          <p class=\"ols-t10-intro-lead\">Topic 10 covers reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium, Le Chatelier&#8217;s principle for temperature, concentration and pressure, the compromise between yield and rate in industrial processes, and writing the expression for the equilibrium constant Kc for homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Equilibrium II (Kc and Kp calculations) follows in Topic 11.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"ols-t10-info-grid\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t10-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-t10-info-card-label\">Exam Paper<\/div><div class=\"ols-t10-info-card-value\">Paper 1<\/div><div class=\"ols-t10-info-card-sub\">9CH0\/01<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t10-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-t10-info-card-label\">Specification Points<\/div><div class=\"ols-t10-info-card-value\">10.1 &#8211; 10.4<\/div><div class=\"ols-t10-info-card-sub\">4 points covered<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t10-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-t10-info-card-label\">Topic Parts<\/div><div class=\"ols-t10-info-card-value\">4 pages<\/div><div class=\"ols-t10-info-card-sub\">Revision notes available<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t10-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-t10-info-card-label\">Exam Board<\/div><div class=\"ols-t10-info-card-value\">Edexcel<\/div><div class=\"ols-t10-info-card-sub\">Pearson 9CH0<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- TOPIC CARDS -->\n  <section class=\"ols-t10-topics\">\n    <div class=\"ols-t10-container\">\n\n      <div class=\"ols-t10-section-header\">\n        <h2 class=\"ols-t10-section-title\">Revision Notes<\/h2>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"ols-t10-cards-grid\">\n\n        <!-- Card 1: Dynamic Equilibrium -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t10-card ols-t10-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-10-equilibrium-i\/dynamic-equilibrium\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t10-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t10-visual ols-t10-visual--de\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t10-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-t10-visual-kicker\">Reversible<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t10-visual-main\">Dynamic<br>Equilibrium<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t10-visual-sub\">rates equal, concentrations constant<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t10-card-num\">1<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-t10-card-status ols-t10-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t10-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t10-card-title\">Dynamic Equilibrium<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t10-card-desc\">Dynamic equilibrium: reversible reactions, equal forward and reverse rates, constant concentrations, closed systems and the position of equilibrium.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t10-card-cta\">Start revising<svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 2: Le Chatelier's Principle -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t10-card ols-t10-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-10-equilibrium-i\/le-chateliers-principle\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t10-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t10-visual ols-t10-visual--lc\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t10-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-t10-visual-kicker\">Shifts<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t10-visual-main\">Le Chatelier&#8217;s<br>Principle<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t10-visual-sub\">temperature, pressure, concentration<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t10-card-num\">2<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-t10-card-status ols-t10-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t10-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t10-card-title\">Le Chatelier&#8217;s Principle<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t10-card-desc\">Le Chatelier&#8217;s principle: temperature, pressure and concentration changes, catalysts, and the ammonia and chromate equilibria as examples.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t10-card-cta\">Start revising<svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 3: Equilibria in Industry -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t10-card ols-t10-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-10-equilibrium-i\/equilibria-in-industry\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t10-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t10-visual ols-t10-visual--ei\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t10-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-t10-visual-kicker\">Yield versus rate<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t10-visual-main\">Equilibria in<br>Industry<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t10-visual-sub\">Haber, Contact, compromise<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t10-card-num\">3<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-t10-card-status ols-t10-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t10-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t10-card-title\">Equilibria in Industry<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t10-card-desc\">Equilibria in industry: the Haber and Contact processes, compromise temperature and pressure, catalysts and evaluating yield data.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t10-card-cta\">Start revising<svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 4: The Equilibrium Constant Kc -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t10-card ols-t10-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-10-equilibrium-i\/equilibrium-constant-kc\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t10-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t10-visual ols-t10-visual--kc\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t10-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-t10-visual-kicker\">Products over reactants<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t10-visual-main\">Equilibrium<br>Constant Kc<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t10-visual-sub\">expression, units, calculation<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t10-card-num\">4<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-t10-card-status ols-t10-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t10-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t10-card-title\">The Equilibrium Constant Kc<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t10-card-desc\">Kc: expressions, units, calculations from equilibrium amounts, the magnitude of Kc and the effect of temperature.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t10-card-cta\">Start revising<svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- SPECIFICATION -->\n  <section class=\"ols-t10-spec-section\">\n    <div class=\"ols-t10-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-t10-spec-wrap\">\n        <div class=\"ols-t10-spec-pill\">Specification Coverage<\/div>\n        <h2 class=\"ols-t10-spec-heading\">Topic 10 Equilibrium I &#8211; Edexcel A Level Chemistry<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"ols-t10-spec-intro-text\">The following specification points outline the knowledge and skills students are expected to demonstrate. Wording follows the Edexcel A Level Chemistry (9CH0) specification.<\/p>\n        <h3 class=\"ols-t10-spec-group-title\">Equilibrium I<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"ols-t10-spec-rows\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t10-spec-row ols-t10-spec-row--light\"><div class=\"ols-t10-spec-code\">10.1<\/div><div class=\"ols-t10-spec-text\">know that many reactions are readily reversible and that they can reach a state of dynamic equilibrium in which:<div class=\"ols-t10-spec-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-t10-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t10-spec-sub-code\">i<\/div><div class=\"ols-t10-spec-sub-text\">the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the backward reaction<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t10-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t10-spec-sub-code\">ii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t10-spec-sub-text\">the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t10-spec-row ols-t10-spec-row--mid\"><div class=\"ols-t10-spec-code ols-t10-spec-code--mid\">10.2<\/div><div class=\"ols-t10-spec-text\">be able to predict and justify the qualitative effect of temperature, concentration and pressure on a homogeneous equilibrium<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t10-spec-row ols-t10-spec-row--light\"><div class=\"ols-t10-spec-code\">10.3<\/div><div class=\"ols-t10-spec-text\">evaluate data to explain the necessity, for many industrial processes, to reach a compromise between the yield and the rate of reaction<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t10-spec-row ols-t10-spec-row--mid\"><div class=\"ols-t10-spec-code ols-t10-spec-code--mid\">10.4<\/div><div class=\"ols-t10-spec-text\">be able to deduce an expression for Kc, for homogeneous and heterogeneous systems, in terms of equilibrium concentrations<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@graph\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": 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