{"id":10903,"date":"2026-09-26T21:56:40","date_gmt":"2026-09-26T20:56:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10a-alcohols\/alcohols-naming-classification-and-properties\/"},"modified":"2026-10-04T23:03:39","modified_gmt":"2026-10-04T22:03:39","slug":"alcohols-naming-classification-and-properties","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10a-alcohols\/alcohols-naming-classification-and-properties\/","title":{"rendered":"Alcohols: Naming, Classification and Properties"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"ols-revision-page ols-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-spectra-page\">\n  <style>\n    .ols-revision-page {\n      --navy: #1C244B;\n      --blue: #2563eb;\n      --soft-blue: #eef4ff;\n      --soft-red: #fff7f7;\n      --soft-purple: #f7f0ff;\n      --soft-green: #f0f7f1;\n      --gold: #c9973a;\n      --grey-text: #667085;\n      --body-text: #1f2937;\n      --border: rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.14);\n      --shadow: 0 18px 45px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.10);\n      --inner-shadow: 0 10px 26px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.08);\n      font-family: Poppins, Arial, sans-serif;\n      color: var(--navy);\n      background: #ffffff;\n    }\n    .ols-revision-page * { box-sizing: border-box; }\n\n    .ols-breadcrumbs { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; margin: 10px 0 22px; font-size: 15px; color: var(--grey-text); }\n    .ols-breadcrumbs a, .ols-breadcrumbs span { color: var(--grey-text); text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600; }\n    .ols-breadcrumbs a { transition: color 0.2s ease, text-decoration-color 0.2s ease; }\n    .ols-breadcrumbs a:hover { color: var(--blue); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }\n    .ols-title-card, .ols-note-card, .ols-h5p-card, .ols-related-card { background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 28px; box-shadow: var(--shadow); padding: 34px; margin-bottom: 24px; overflow: hidden; }\n    .ols-title-card { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, #f8fbff 100%); }\n    .ols-title-card h1 { margin: 0 0 18px; font-size: clamp(36px, 5vw, 58px); line-height: 1.08; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: -0.04em; color: #111827; }\n    .ols-page-intro { font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.7; font-weight: 300; color: var(--body-text); margin: 0 0 22px; }\n    .ols-badges { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px; margin-bottom: 22px; }\n    .ols-badge { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; padding: 9px 14px; border-radius: 999px; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid var(--border); font-size: 15px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy); }\n    .ols-note-card.soft { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, var(--soft-red) 100%); }\n    .ols-note-card.purple { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, var(--soft-purple) 100%); }\n    .ols-note-title { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 14px; margin-bottom: 20px; }\n    .ols-note-icon { width: 52px; height: 52px; border-radius: 16px; background: var(--navy); color: #ffffff; display: grid; place-items: center; font-size: 24px; font-weight: 800; flex-shrink: 0; }\n    .ols-note-title h2, .ols-h5p-card h2, .ols-related-card h2 { margin: 0; font-size: clamp(28px, 3.5vw, 42px); line-height: 1.15; font-weight: 800; color: #111827; letter-spacing: -0.03em; }\n    .ols-note-card p, .ols-note-card li, .ols-h5p-card p, .ols-related-card p { font-size: clamp(15px, 1.25vw, 17px); line-height: 1.65; font-weight: 300; color: var(--body-text); }\n    .ols-note-card strong, .ols-h5p-card strong, .ols-related-card strong, .ols-faq-card strong { font-weight: 750; color: var(--navy); }\n    .ols-note-card ul { margin: 0; padding-left: 22px; }\n    .ols-key-box { margin-top: 20px; background: var(--soft-green); border: 1px solid rgba(63, 143, 70, 0.25); border-radius: 20px; padding: 18px 20px; }\n    .ols-key-box p { margin: 0; font-weight: 400; color: var(--navy); }\n    .ols-figure-card { margin: 26px 0 4px; border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 26px; overflow: hidden; background: #ffffff; box-shadow: var(--inner-shadow); }\n    .ols-figure-image { width: 100%; min-height: 390px; background-color: #ffffff; background-image: var(--ols-image); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center; background-size: contain; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); }\n    .ols-figure-caption { padding: 22px 26px 24px; background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff, #f8fbff); }\n    .ols-figure-caption h3 { margin: 0 0 8px; color: var(--navy); font-size: clamp(21px, 2vw, 30px); line-height: 1.25; font-weight: 800; font-style: italic; }\n    .ols-figure-caption p { margin: 0; color: #5f6b85; font-size: clamp(16px, 1.4vw, 19px); line-height: 1.65; font-weight: 300; font-style: italic; }\n    .ols-table-wrap { overflow-x: auto; border-radius: 22px; border: 1px solid var(--border); background: #ffffff; margin-top: 18px; }\n    .ols-table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 680px; }\n    .ols-table th { background: var(--navy); color: #ffffff; padding: 14px 16px; text-align: left; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 700; }\n    .ols-table td { padding: 14px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); font-size: 15px; color: var(--body-text); vertical-align: top; }\n    .ols-table tr:last-child td { border-bottom: none; }\n    .ols-definition-box { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff, var(--soft-purple)); border: 2px dashed rgba(122, 62, 157, 0.35); border-radius: 24px; padding: 26px; margin-top: 22px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 16px; align-items: center; }\n    .ols-definition-circle { width: 105px; height: 105px; border-radius: 50%; background: linear-gradient(135deg, #9b59b6, #6f3d96); color: white; display: grid; place-items: center; font-size: 28px; font-weight: 800; text-align: center; margin: 0 auto; }\n    .ols-h5p-card { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, #f7f0ff 100%); }\n    .ols-h5p-frame { margin-top: 22px; padding: 18px; border-radius: 24px; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid var(--border); box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.03); }\n    .ols-infographic-full { width: 100%; margin: 6px 0 30px; }\n    .ols-infographic-full-frame { width: 100%; border-radius: 22px; overflow: hidden; box-shadow: 0 18px 42px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.13); background: #ffffff; }\n    .ols-infographic-full-frame img { width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; }\n    .ols-related-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 16px; margin-top: 18px; }\n    .ols-related-item { border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 18px; padding: 18px; background: #ffffff; color: var(--navy); text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.5; transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease; }\n    .ols-related-item:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 10px 22px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.08); }\n    .ols-unlock { background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--navy), #0f4fa8); border-radius: 30px; padding: 36px; color: #ffffff; box-shadow: var(--shadow); text-align: center; margin: 30px 0 24px; }\n    .ols-unlock h2 { margin: 0 0 12px; font-size: clamp(30px, 4vw, 46px); line-height: 1.15; font-weight: 800; color: #ffffff; text-align: center; }\n    .ols-unlock p { margin: 0 auto 24px; max-width: 700px; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.6; font-weight: 300; text-align: center; color: #ffffff; }\n    .ols-cta-button { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 14px 26px; border-radius: 999px; background: #ffffff; color: var(--navy); text-decoration: none; font-weight: 700; }\n\n    @media (max-width: 1050px) {\n      .ols-main { max-width: none; }\n      .ols-related-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }\n    }\n\n    @media (max-width: 760px) {\n      .ols-title-card, .ols-note-card, .ols-h5p-card, .ols-related-card, .ols-unlock { padding: 24px 18px; border-radius: 22px; }\n      .ols-note-title { align-items: flex-start; }\n      .ols-figure-card { border-radius: 22px; }\n      .ols-figure-image { min-height: 250px; }\n      .ols-figure-caption { padding: 18px; }\n      .ols-topic-list, .ols-related-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }\n      .ols-infographic-full { margin: 0 0 26px; }\n      .ols-infographic-full-frame { border-radius: 18px; }\n    }\n    .ols-author {\n      display: flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      gap: 20px;\n      padding: 28px;\n      border-radius: 28px;\n      background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, #f8fbff 100%);\n      border: 1px solid rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.12);\n      box-shadow: 0 18px 45px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.10);\n      margin-top: 22px;\n    }\n    .ols-author-avatar-img {\n      width: 92px;\n      height: 92px;\n      border-radius: 50%;\n      object-fit: cover;\n      object-position: center;\n      flex-shrink: 0;\n      border: 4px solid #ffffff;\n      box-shadow: 0 14px 32px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.18), 0 0 0 1px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.10);\n      transition: transform 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;\n    }\n    .ols-author:hover .ols-author-avatar-img {\n      transform: scale(1.04);\n      box-shadow: 0 20px 42px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.22), 0 0 0 1px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.10);\n    }\n    .ols-author-content { min-width: 0; }\n    .ols-author-title {\n      margin: 0 0 4px;\n      font-size: clamp(24px, 3vw, 34px);\n      line-height: 1.15;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      color: var(--navy);\n      letter-spacing: -0.03em;\n    }\n    .ols-author-description {\n      margin: 0;\n      font-size: 17px;\n      line-height: 1.7;\n      font-weight: 300;\n      color: var(--grey-text);\n    }\n    .ols-linkedin-pill {\n      display: inline-flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      justify-content: center;\n      gap: 10px;\n      margin-top: 16px;\n      padding: 11px 18px;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0A66C2, #004182);\n      color: #ffffff;\n      text-decoration: none;\n      font-size: 14px;\n      line-height: 1;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      letter-spacing: 0.01em;\n      box-shadow: 0 10px 22px rgba(10, 102, 194, 0.24);\n      position: relative;\n      overflow: hidden;\n      transition: transform 0.22s ease, box-shadow 0.22s ease;\n    }\n    .ols-linkedin-pill:hover {\n      transform: translateY(-3px) scale(1.03);\n      box-shadow: 0 16px 34px rgba(10, 102, 194, 0.34), 0 0 0 6px rgba(10, 102, 194, 0.10);\n    }\n    .ols-linkedin-icon { width: 18px; height: 18px; display: block; flex-shrink: 0; }\n    .ols-attribution-card {\n      background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff, #f8fbff);\n      border: 1px solid rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.14);\n      border-radius: 28px;\n      box-shadow: 0 18px 45px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.10);\n      padding: 34px;\n      margin-bottom: 24px;\n      overflow: hidden;\n      box-sizing: border-box;\n    }\n    .ols-attribution-card p {\n      margin: 0;\n      font-size: 14px;\n      line-height: 1.65;\n      font-weight: 300;\n      color: #667085;\n    }\n    .ols-attribution-card strong { font-weight: 700; color: #1C244B; }\n      .ols-note-card h3 { margin: 22px 0 8px; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.25; font-weight: 500; color: var(--navy); }\n  \n    .ols-figure-placeholder .ols-placeholder-box { border: 2px dashed #c9973a; background: #fffaf0; border-radius: 16px; padding: 26px 22px; font-weight: 700; color: #7a4b12; text-align: center; line-height: 1.6; }\n    .ols-figure-placeholder .ols-figure-image { background: transparent; }\n    .ols-figure-placeholder { background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.12); border-radius: 22px; padding: 14px; margin: 18px 0 6px; }\n    .ols-figure-placeholder .ols-figure-caption p { margin: 10px 0 0; font-size: 14px; color: #667085; text-align: center; }\n\n    \/* inline checks (H5P re-flow, Sep 2026) *\/\n    .ols-h5p-card.ols-h5p-inline { padding: 26px 28px; border-left: 6px solid #7c3aed; }\n    .ols-h5p-card.ols-h5p-inline h2 { font-size: clamp(20px, 2.2vw, 27px); letter-spacing: -0.02em; }\n    .ols-h5p-card.ols-h5p-inline > p { margin: 8px 0 0; }\n    .ols-h5p-card.ols-h5p-inline .ols-h5p-frame { margin-top: 16px; padding: 14px; border-radius: 20px; }\n    .ols-h5p-kicker { display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 5px 12px; border-radius: 999px; background: #ede9fe; color: #5b21b6; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.06em; text-transform: uppercase; }\n    .ols-h5p-card.ols-h5p-recap { border-left-color: #c9973a; background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, #fff8e8 100%); }\n    .ols-h5p-recap .ols-h5p-kicker { background: #fdf0d2; color: #8a5a00; }\n    @media (max-width: 760px) { .ols-h5p-card.ols-h5p-inline { padding: 20px 16px; } }\n\n.ols-faq-card,\n    .ols-quicksnap-card {\n      background: #ffffff;\n      border: 1px solid var(--border);\n      border-radius: 28px;\n      box-shadow: var(--shadow);\n      padding: 34px;\n      margin-bottom: 24px;\n      overflow: hidden;\n    }\n.ols-faq-card h2,\n    .ols-quicksnap-card h2,\n    .ols-infographic-title {\n      margin: 0;\n      font-size: clamp(28px, 3.5vw, 42px);\n      line-height: 1.15;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      color: #111827;\n      letter-spacing: -0.03em;\n    }\n.ols-faq-card h2,\n    .ols-quicksnap-card h2 {\n      margin-bottom: 14px;\n    }\n.ols-faq-card p,\n    .ols-quicksnap-card p {\n      font-size: clamp(15px, 1.25vw, 17px);\n      line-height: 1.65;\n      font-weight: 300;\n      color: var(--body-text);\n    }\n.ols-faq-card strong,\n    .ols-quicksnap-card strong {\n      font-weight: 700;\n      color: var(--navy);\n    }\n.ols-faq-list {\n      display: grid;\n      gap: 14px;\n      margin-top: 18px;\n    }\n.ols-faq-item {\n      background: #ffffff;\n      border: 1px solid var(--border);\n      border-radius: 18px;\n      padding: 18px 20px;\n      box-shadow: var(--inner-shadow);\n    }\n.ols-faq-item h3 {\n      margin: 0 0 8px;\n      font-size: 20px;\n      line-height: 1.3;\n      color: var(--navy);\n    }\n.ols-faq-item p {\n      margin: 0;\n      font-size: 16px;\n      line-height: 1.65;\n      color: var(--body-text);\n    }\n.ols-faq-card,\n      .ols-quicksnap-card,\n      .ols-attribution-card {\n        padding: 24px 18px;\n        border-radius: 22px;\n      }\n  <\/style>\n\n    <aside class=\"ols-sidebar\">\n  <div class=\"ols-sidebar-header\">\n    <h3>Revision Notes<\/h3>\n    <p>A Level Chemistry<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\n    <h4>Topic 10 Alcohols, Halogenoalkanes &amp; Spectra<\/h4>\n\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/\">Topic 10 Overview<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10a-alcohols\/\">Topic 10A Alcohols<\/a>\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10a-alcohols\/alcohols-naming-classification-and-properties\/\">Alcohols: Naming, Classification and Properties<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10a-alcohols\/oxidation-of-alcohols\/\">Oxidation of Alcohols<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10a-alcohols\/reactions-of-alcohols\/\">Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alcohols<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10a-alcohols\/preparing-and-purifying-organic-liquids\/\">Preparing and Purifying Organic Liquids<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/core-practicals\/cp-6-chlorination-of-2-methylpropan-2-ol\/\">Core Practical 6<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/core-practicals\/cp-7-oxidation-of-propan-1-ol\/\">Core Practical 7<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10b-halogenoalkanes\/\">Topic 10B Halogenoalkanes<\/a>\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10b-halogenoalkanes\/reaction-types-mechanisms-and-nucleophiles\/\">Reaction Types, Mechanisms and Nucleophiles<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10b-halogenoalkanes\/halogenoalkanes-naming-classification-and-bonding\/\">Halogenoalkanes: Naming, Classification and the C\u2013X Bond<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10b-halogenoalkanes\/nucleophilic-substitution-reactions\/\">Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10b-halogenoalkanes\/elimination-reactions-of-halogenoalkanes\/\">Elimination Reactions of Halogenoalkanes<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10b-halogenoalkanes\/rates-of-hydrolysis-and-bond-enthalpy\/\">Rates of Hydrolysis and Bond Enthalpy<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/core-practicals\/cp-5-hydrolysis-of-halogenoalkanes\/\">Core Practical 5<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10c-spectra\/\">Topic 10C Spectra<\/a>\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10c-spectra\/mass-spectra-of-organic-compounds\/\">Mass Spectra of Organic Compounds<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10c-spectra\/infrared-spectroscopy\/\">Infrared Spectroscopy<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10c-spectra\/identifying-unknown-compounds\/\">Identifying Unknown Compounds<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/core-practicals\/cp-8-analysis-of-inorganic-and-organic-unknowns\/\">Core Practical 8<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n      <\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\n    <h4>Other Topics<\/h4>\n\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/\">Topic 4 Organic Chemistry &amp; Alkanes<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-5-alkenes\/\">Topic 5 Alkenes<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-9-kinetics-and-equilibria\/\">Topic 9 Kinetics &amp; Equilibria<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/core-practicals\/\">Core Practicals<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n  <\/div>\n<\/aside>\n\n<script>\r\n(function() {\r\n  function normalisePath(path) {\r\n    return String(path || '')\r\n      .split('?')[0]\r\n      .split('#')[0]\r\n      .replace(\/\\\/+$\/, '')\r\n      .toLowerCase();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function highlightActive() {\r\n    var sidebar = document.querySelector('.ols-sidebar');\r\n    if (!sidebar) return false;\r\n\r\n    var currentPath = normalisePath(window.location.pathname);\r\n    var links = sidebar.querySelectorAll('a[href]');\r\n    var matched = null;\r\n    var matchedLength = 0;\r\n\r\n    sidebar.querySelectorAll('.active, .active-main, .parent-active').forEach(function(item) {\r\n      item.classList.remove('active', 'active-main', 'parent-active');\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    sidebar.querySelectorAll('a[data-ols-disabled-parent=\"1\"], a[aria-current]').forEach(function(a) {\r\n      a.removeAttribute('aria-current');\r\n      a.removeAttribute('tabindex');\r\n      a.removeAttribute('data-ols-disabled-parent');\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    links.forEach(function(a) {\r\n      try {\r\n        var href = a.getAttribute('href');\r\n\r\n        if (!href || href === '#' || href.charAt(0) === '#') {\r\n          return;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        var linkPath = normalisePath(new URL(href, window.location.origin).pathname);\r\n\r\n        if (!linkPath) {\r\n          return;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        if (currentPath === linkPath || currentPath.indexOf(linkPath + '\/') === 0) {\r\n          if (linkPath.length > matchedLength) {\r\n            matched = a;\r\n            matchedLength = linkPath.length;\r\n          }\r\n        }\r\n      } catch(e) {}\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    if (matched) {\r\n      var matchedLi = matched.closest('li');\r\n      var parentSub = matched.closest('.ols-subtopic-list');\r\n\r\n      if (parentSub) {\r\n        if (matchedLi) {\r\n          matchedLi.classList.add('active');\r\n          matched.setAttribute('aria-current', 'page');\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        var parentLi = parentSub.closest('li');\r\n\r\n        if (parentLi) {\r\n          parentLi.classList.add('parent-active', 'active-main');\r\n\r\n          var parentLink = parentLi.querySelector(':scope > a');\r\n\r\n          if (parentLink) {\r\n            parentLink.setAttribute('aria-current', 'true');\r\n            parentLink.setAttribute('tabindex', '-1');\r\n            parentLink.setAttribute('data-ols-disabled-parent', '1');\r\n          }\r\n        }\r\n      } else {\r\n        if (matchedLi) {\r\n          matchedLi.classList.add('parent-active', 'active-main');\r\n          matched.setAttribute('aria-current', 'page');\r\n          matched.setAttribute('tabindex', '-1');\r\n          matched.setAttribute('data-ols-disabled-parent', '1');\r\n        }\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    return true;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  if (!highlightActive()) {\r\n    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', highlightActive);\r\n  }\r\n})();\r\n<\/script>\r\n\n\n    <main class=\"ols-main\">\n\n      <!-- BREADCRUMBS - updated with full path and correct links -->\n      <nav class=\"ols-breadcrumbs\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/\">Revision Notes<\/a> \/\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/\">A Level Chemistry<\/a> \/\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/\">Edexcel International<\/a> \/\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/\">Topic 10 Alcohols, Halogenoalkanes and Spectra<\/a> \/\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10a-alcohols\/\">Topic 10A Alcohols<\/a> \/\n<span>Alcohols: Naming, Classification and Properties<\/span>\n<\/nav>\n\n      <header class=\"ols-title-card\">\n        <h1>Alcohols: Naming, Classification and Properties<\/h1>\n        <p class=\"ols-page-intro\">A concise revision guide to the alcohol functional group: naming alcohols and drawing their structural, displayed and skeletal formulae, classifying them as primary, secondary or tertiary, and explaining their boiling temperatures and solubility through hydrogen bonding.<\/p>\n        <div class=\"ols-badges\">\n<div class=\"ols-badge\">Exam board: Edexcel International<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-badge\">Unit 2: WCH12\/01<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-badge\">Topic 10A Alcohols<\/div>\n<\/div>\n        <div class=\"ols-author\">\n\n    <img decoding=\"async\"\n      class=\"ols-author-avatar-img\"\n      src=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Author-Profile.jpeg\"\n      alt=\"Dr. Mohammed Al-Fatah\"\n    >\n\n    <div class=\"ols-author-content\">\n\n      <h2 class=\"ols-author-title\">\n        Written by: Dr. Mohammed Al-Fatah\n      <\/h2>\n\n      <p class=\"ols-author-description\">\n        Chemistry specialist revision notes for A Level Chemistry.\n      <\/p>\n\n      <a class=\"ols-linkedin-pill\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/doctormohammedfatah\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\n        <svg class=\"ols-linkedin-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n          <path d=\"M4.98 3.5C4.98 4.88 3.86 6 2.48 6S0 4.88 0 3.5 1.12 1 2.48 1s2.5 1.12 2.5 2.5zM.5 8h4V24h-4V8zm7 0h3.8v2.2h.1c.5-.9 1.8-2.2 3.9-2.2 4.2 0 5 2.8 5 6.4V24h-4v-7.6c0-1.8 0-4.2-2.6-4.2s-3 2-3 4v7.8h-4V8z\"\/>\n        <\/svg>\n        View LinkedIn Profile\n      <\/a>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n      <\/header>\n\n      <section class=\"ols-h5p-card ols-h5p-inline ols-h5p-recap\">\n<span class=\"ols-h5p-kicker\">Before you start<\/span>\n<h2>GCSE Recap: Alcohols<\/h2>\n<p>Three quick questions on the alcohols you met at GCSE: the functional group, the first four members and what ethanol is used for.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-h5p-frame\"><div class=\"h5p-content\" data-content-id=\"928\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<article class=\"ols-note-card\">\n<div class=\"ols-note-title\">\n<div class=\"ols-note-icon\">1<\/div>\n<h2>The Alcohol Functional Group<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>An <strong>alcohol<\/strong> is an organic compound in which a hydroxyl group, \u2013OH, is bonded to a saturated carbon atom.<\/p><p>The homologous series of straight-chain alcohols has the general formula C\u2099H\u2082\u2099\u208a\u2081OH, so ethanol is C\u2082H\u2085OH and butan-1-ol is C\u2084H\u2089OH.<\/p><p>The \u2013OH group is polar because oxygen is much more electronegative than hydrogen or carbon, and it is this group that gives alcohols their reactions and their physical properties.<\/p>\n<p>Three ways of writing an alcohol are needed in the exam. The <strong>structural formula<\/strong> shows the groups in order, CH\u2083CH\u2082CH\u2082OH; the <strong>displayed formula<\/strong> shows every atom and every bond, including the O\u2013H bond.<\/p><p>The <strong>skeletal formula<\/strong> shows the carbon chain as a zigzag with the OH written at the end of the correct line.<\/p><div class=\"ols-key-box\"><p><strong>Common mistake:<\/strong> Students lose marks by leaving the hydrogen off the oxygen in a displayed formula and by drawing the OH as a single blob attached to the wrong carbon.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-key-box\">\n<p><strong>Definition:<\/strong> An alcohol contains the \u2013OH (hydroxyl) group bonded to a carbon atom that is not part of a C=O group. Compounds with the OH on a benzene ring are phenols and behave differently.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article class=\"ols-note-card soft\">\n<div class=\"ols-note-title\">\n<div class=\"ols-note-icon\">2<\/div>\n<h2>Naming Alcohols<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>The name of an alcohol is the name of the parent alkane with the final -e replaced by <strong>-ol<\/strong>, and a number showing the carbon that carries the OH group.<\/p><p>The chain is numbered from the end that gives the OH the lowest number: CH\u2083CH(OH)CH\u2082CH\u2083 is butan-2-ol, not butan-3-ol.<\/p><p>Methanol and ethanol need no number because the OH can only be on one carbon. Propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol are different compounds with different boiling temperatures and different reactions.<\/p>\n<p>Two or more OH groups are shown with di- or tri- and the -e of the alkane is kept: ethane-1,2-diol, HOCH\u2082CH\u2082OH, is antifreeze, and propane-1,2,3-triol is glycerol.<\/p><p>When the molecule also contains a group that takes priority in the name, such as a carboxylic acid, the OH is named as a prefix, <strong>hydroxy-<\/strong>: 2-hydroxypropanoic acid is lactic acid.<\/p><p>Side chains are named as in alkanes, so (CH\u2083)\u2082CHCH\u2082OH is 2-methylpropan-1-ol.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-table-wrap\">\n<table class=\"ols-table\">\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Compound<\/th><th>Structural formula<\/th><th>Name<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><strong>Two carbons<\/strong><\/td><td>CH\u2083CH\u2082OH<\/td><td>ethanol<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>Three carbons, OH on carbon 2<\/strong><\/td><td>CH\u2083CH(OH)CH\u2083<\/td><td>propan-2-ol<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>Four carbons, OH on carbon 1<\/strong><\/td><td>CH\u2083CH\u2082CH\u2082CH\u2082OH<\/td><td>butan-1-ol<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>Branched, four carbons<\/strong><\/td><td>(CH\u2083)\u2083COH<\/td><td>2-methylpropan-2-ol<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>Two OH groups<\/strong><\/td><td>HOCH\u2082CH\u2082OH<\/td><td>ethane-1,2-diol<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-key-box\">\n<p><strong>Exam focus:<\/strong> Write the number between the stem and -ol with hyphens on both sides: butan-2-ol. Never write 2-butanol or butanol-2.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<section class=\"ols-h5p-card ols-h5p-inline\">\n<span class=\"ols-h5p-kicker\">Check your understanding<\/span>\n<h2>Check: Naming Alcohols<\/h2>\n<p>Name and draw alcohols that are not the ones used on this page.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-h5p-frame\"><div class=\"h5p-content\" data-content-id=\"929\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<article class=\"ols-note-card\">\n<div class=\"ols-note-title\">\n<div class=\"ols-note-icon\">3<\/div>\n<h2>Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Alcohols<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>Alcohols are classified by the number of carbon atoms bonded to the carbon that carries the OH group.<\/p><p>In a <strong>primary alcohol<\/strong> that carbon is attached to one other carbon (or none, in methanol): propan-1-ol, CH\u2083CH\u2082CH\u2082OH.<\/p><p>In a <strong>secondary alcohol<\/strong> it is attached to two carbons: propan-2-ol, CH\u2083CH(OH)CH\u2083. In a <strong>tertiary alcohol<\/strong> it is attached to three carbons: 2-methylpropan-2-ol, (CH\u2083)\u2083COH.<\/p><p>The classification does not depend on the length of the chain, only on what is joined to the C\u2013OH carbon.<\/p>\n<p>The classification matters because the three classes react differently with oxidising agents: primary alcohols can be oxidised to aldehydes and then carboxylic acids, secondary alcohols to ketones, and tertiary alcohols not at all under the same conditions.<\/p><div class=\"ols-key-box\"><p><strong>Exam tip:<\/strong> Questions often give a skeletal formula and ask for the class; find the carbon carrying the OH, count the carbon atoms bonded to it, and ignore the hydrogens.<\/p><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ols-figure-card ols-zoom-pop\">\n<div class=\"ols-figure-image\">\n<a class=\"ols-image-fullscreen-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/skel-09-classifying-alcohols-a.svg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"Open image fullscreen\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/skel-09-classifying-alcohols-a.svg\" alt=\"Displayed formulae of propan-1-ol, propan-2-ol and 2-methylpropan-2-ol classified as primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols\" data-fullscreen-src=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/skel-09-classifying-alcohols-a.svg\" width=\"1457\" height=\"1030\">\n<\/a>\n<a class=\"ols-image-fullscreen-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/skel-09-classifying-alcohols-b.svg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"Open image fullscreen\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/skel-09-classifying-alcohols-b.svg\" alt=\"Hydrogen bonds between ethanol and water molecules, with \u03b4+ and \u03b4\u2212 charges and lone pairs on oxygen\" data-fullscreen-src=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/skel-09-classifying-alcohols-b.svg\" width=\"1421\" height=\"956\">\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-figure-caption\"><p>Primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols with the C\u2013OH carbon highlighted, and the hydrogen bonds between ethanol and water that explain why small alcohols dissolve.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-key-box\">\n<p><strong>Key idea:<\/strong> Count the carbons bonded to the carbon that carries the OH: one gives a primary alcohol, two a secondary, three a tertiary.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<section class=\"ols-h5p-card ols-h5p-inline\">\n<span class=\"ols-h5p-kicker\">Check your understanding<\/span>\n<h2>Check: Classifying Alcohols<\/h2>\n<p>Decide the class of alcohols you have not met above.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-h5p-frame\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-930\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"930\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Alcohols, Halogenoalkanes and Spectra Drag: Classifying Alcohols\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<article class=\"ols-note-card soft\">\n<div class=\"ols-note-title\">\n<div class=\"ols-note-icon\">4<\/div>\n<h2>Physical Properties: Hydrogen Bonding<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>The O\u2013H bond in an alcohol is polar, and the oxygen carries two lone pairs, so alcohol molecules form <strong>hydrogen bonds<\/strong> with each other.<\/p><p>Hydrogen bonds are the strongest intermolecular force, which is why ethanol (Mr 46) boils at 78 \u00b0C while propane (Mr 44), which has only London forces between its molecules, boils at \u221242 \u00b0C.<\/p><p>Alcohols therefore have <strong>low volatility<\/strong> and relatively high boiling temperatures for their size. Boiling temperature rises along the series as the London forces between the longer chains grow.<\/p>\n<p>Alcohols also form hydrogen bonds to water, so methanol, ethanol and propanol mix with water in all proportions.<\/p><p>As the hydrocarbon chain grows the non-polar part of the molecule dominates.<\/p><p>Butan-1-ol is only partly soluble and hexan-1-ol hardly dissolves at all, because the energy released by hydrogen bonding to water no longer makes up for the water\u2013water hydrogen bonds that must be broken.<\/p>\n<p>The bond angles follow the electron-pair repulsion rules. The carbon carrying the OH is tetrahedral, with bond angles of about 109.5\u00b0, while the C\u2013O\u2013H angle is about 105\u00b0 because the two lone pairs on the oxygen repel more strongly than the bonding pairs.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-key-box\">\n<p><strong>Exam wording:<\/strong> &#8220;Alcohols form hydrogen bonds between molecules, which are stronger than the London forces between alkane molecules, so more energy is needed to separate them.&#8221; Name the force, compare it and link it to energy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-figure-card ols-zoom-pop\">\n<div class=\"ols-figure-image\">\n<a class=\"ols-image-fullscreen-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/alcohols-halogenoalkanes-spectra-hbondprops.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"Open image fullscreen\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/alcohols-halogenoalkanes-spectra-hbondprops.jpg\" alt=\"Poster comparing the boiling temperatures of ethanol and propane, with a solubility ladder from methanol to hexan-1-ol.\" data-fullscreen-src=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/alcohols-halogenoalkanes-spectra-hbondprops.jpg\">\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-figure-caption\"><p>Hydrogen bonding explains why ethanol boils 120 \u00b0C higher than propane and why solubility in water falls as the carbon chain gets longer.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article class=\"ols-note-card\">\n<div class=\"ols-note-title\">\n<div class=\"ols-note-icon\">5<\/div>\n<h2>Common Exam Points<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Say<\/h3><p>&#8220;The OH is on carbon 2, which is bonded to two other carbons, so the alcohol is secondary.&#8221; &#8220;Hydrogen bonds form between the OH groups of neighbouring molecules.&#8221;<\/p>\n<h3>Do not say<\/h3><p>&#8220;Tertiary because it has three carbons.&#8221; &#8220;Ethanol has a high boiling point because the O\u2013H bond is strong&#8221; (it is the force between molecules, not the covalent bond, that matters).<\/p>\n<h3>Watch for<\/h3><p>Displayed formulae: show the O\u2013H bond, not &#8220;OH&#8221; as a group. Skeletal formulae: the OH sits at the end of a line and the carbon there is not drawn.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<section class=\"ols-h5p-card ols-h5p-inline\">\n<span class=\"ols-h5p-kicker\">Check your understanding<\/span>\n<h2>Check: Properties of Alcohols<\/h2>\n<p>Explain boiling temperatures and solubility for alcohols not discussed above.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-h5p-frame\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-931\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"931\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Alcohols, Halogenoalkanes and Spectra Summary: Properties of Alcohols\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ols-faq-card\">\n<h2>FAQs<\/h2>\n<p>Use these quick answers to check the naming and classification of alcohols.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"ols-faq-list\">\n<div class=\"ols-faq-item\">\n<h3>Is methanol a primary alcohol?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes. The carbon carrying the OH is bonded to no other carbon, and by convention that counts as primary; it is oxidised like a primary alcohol, to methanal and then methanoic acid.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ols-faq-item\">\n<h3>Why is propan-2-ol not called propan-3-ol?<\/h3>\n<p>The chain is numbered from the end that gives the OH the lowest number. Counting from the other end would put it on carbon 2 as well, so 2 is the lowest possible.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ols-faq-item\">\n<h3>Why does ethanol boil so much higher than propane?<\/h3>\n<p>Ethanol molecules form hydrogen bonds between their OH groups, the strongest intermolecular force. Propane has only London forces, so far less energy is needed to separate its molecules.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ols-faq-item\">\n<h3>Why do long-chain alcohols not dissolve in water?<\/h3>\n<p>The OH group still hydrogen bonds to water, but the long non-polar chain cannot, and the water\u2013water hydrogen bonds that would have to be broken to fit it in are not repaid.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ols-faq-item\">\n<h3>Do I need to draw the H on the oxygen in a displayed formula?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes. A displayed formula shows every atom and every bond, so the O\u2013H bond must be drawn. Leaving it off loses the mark.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ols-related-card\">\n<h2>Related Topic 10A Alcohols Pages<\/h2>\n<p>Use these pages to connect the ideas across alcohols and the rest of Topic 10.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-related-grid\">\n<a class=\"ols-related-item\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10a-alcohols\/oxidation-of-alcohols\/\">Oxidation of Alcohols<\/a>\n<a class=\"ols-related-item\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10a-alcohols\/reactions-of-alcohols\/\">Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alcohols<\/a>\n<a class=\"ols-related-item\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10a-alcohols\/preparing-and-purifying-organic-liquids\/\">Preparing and Purifying Organic Liquids<\/a>\n<a class=\"ols-related-item\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10a-alcohols\/\">Topic 10A Alcohols Overview<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ols-attribution-card\">\n        <p><strong>Copyright notice:<\/strong> This OLS revision content, including the explanations, layout, diagrams, tables and embedded learning structure, is authored for Online Learning System by Dr. Mohammed Al-Fatah. It may not be copied, reproduced, redistributed or adapted without written permission.<\/p>\n      <\/section>\n    <\/main>\n  \n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@graph\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"WebPage\",\n      \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10a-alcohols\/alcohols-naming-classification-and-properties\/#webpage\",\n      \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10a-alcohols\/alcohols-naming-classification-and-properties\/\",\n      \"name\": \"Alcohols: Naming, Classification and Properties | Topic 10A Alcohols | Online Learning System\",\n      \"description\": \"Edexcel International A Level Chemistry revision notes on alcohols: nomenclature, structural, displayed and skeletal formulae, primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, hydrogen bonding, boiling temperatures and solubility.\",\n      \"isPartOf\": {\n        \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/#website\"\n      },\n      \"breadcrumb\": {\n        \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10a-alcohols\/alcohols-naming-classification-and-properties\/#breadcrumb\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"WebSite\",\n      \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/#website\",\n      \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/\",\n      \"name\": \"Online Learning System\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"BreadcrumbList\",\n      \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10a-alcohols\/alcohols-naming-classification-and-properties\/#breadcrumb\",\n      \"itemListElement\": [\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 1,\n          \"item\": {\n            \"@type\": \"WebPage\",\n            \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/\",\n            \"name\": \"Revision Notes\"\n          }\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 2,\n          \"item\": {\n            \"@type\": \"WebPage\",\n            \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/\",\n            \"name\": \"A Level Chemistry\"\n          }\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 3,\n          \"item\": {\n            \"@type\": \"WebPage\",\n            \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/\",\n            \"name\": \"Edexcel International\"\n          }\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 4,\n          \"item\": {\n            \"@type\": \"WebPage\",\n            \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/\",\n            \"name\": \"Topic 10 Alcohols, Halogenoalkanes and Spectra\"\n          }\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 5,\n          \"item\": {\n            \"@type\": \"WebPage\",\n            \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10a-alcohols\/\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10a-alcohols\/\",\n            \"name\": \"Topic 10A Alcohols\"\n          }\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 6,\n          \"item\": {\n            \"@type\": \"WebPage\",\n            \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10a-alcohols\/alcohols-naming-classification-and-properties\/\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10a-alcohols\/alcohols-naming-classification-and-properties\/\",\n            \"name\": \"Alcohols: Naming, Classification and Properties\"\n          }\n        }\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Course\",\n      \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10a-alcohols\/alcohols-naming-classification-and-properties\/#course\",\n      \"name\": \"Alcohols: Naming, Classification and Properties\",\n      \"description\": \"Edexcel International A Level Chemistry revision notes on alcohols: nomenclature, structural, displayed and skeletal formulae, primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, hydrogen bonding, boiling temperatures and solubility.\",\n      \"provider\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Organization\",\n        \"name\": \"Online Learning System\",\n        \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/\"\n      },\n      \"educationalLevel\": \"A Level\",\n      \"about\": [\n        \"Alcohols\",\n        \"Halogenoalkanes\",\n        \"Nucleophilic substitution\",\n        \"Elimination\",\n        \"Oxidation of alcohols\",\n        \"Mass spectrometry\",\n        \"Infrared spectroscopy\",\n        \"Organic chemistry\"\n      ],\n      \"hasCourseInstance\": {\n        \"@type\": \"CourseInstance\",\n        \"courseMode\": \"Online\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"ItemList\",\n      \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10a-alcohols\/alcohols-naming-classification-and-properties\/#relatedtopics\",\n      \"name\": \"Related Topic 10A Alcohols Pages\",\n      \"itemListElement\": [\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 1,\n          \"item\": {\n            \"@type\": \"Course\",\n            \"name\": \"Oxidation of Alcohols\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10a-alcohols\/oxidation-of-alcohols\/\",\n            \"description\": \"Edexcel International A Level Chemistry revision notes on the oxidation of alcohols: acidified dichromate(VI), aldehydes, carboxylic acids and ketones, distillation versus reflux, [O] equations and tests for aldehydes and acids.\"\n          }\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 2,\n          \"item\": {\n            \"@type\": \"Course\",\n            \"name\": \"Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alcohols\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10a-alcohols\/reactions-of-alcohols\/\",\n            \"description\": \"Edexcel International A Level Chemistry revision notes on reactions of alcohols: combustion, halogenation with PCl\u2085, KBr and sulfuric acid, and red phosphorus and iodine, and dehydration to alkenes.\"\n          }\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 3,\n          \"item\": {\n            \"@type\": \"Course\",\n            \"name\": \"Preparing and Purifying Organic Liquids\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-10-alcohols-halogenoalkanes-and-spectra\/10a-alcohols\/preparing-and-purifying-organic-liquids\/\",\n            \"description\": \"Edexcel International A Level Chemistry revision notes on preparing and purifying organic liquids: reflux, distillation, separating funnel, drying agents, boiling temperature and percentage yield.\"\n          }\n        }\n      ]\n    }\n  ]\n}\n<\/script>\n\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Revision Notes \/ A Level Chemistry \/ Edexcel International \/ Topic 10 Alcohols, Halogenoalkanes and Spectra \/ Topic 10A Alcohols \/ Alcohols: Naming, Classification and Properties Alcohols: Naming, Classification and Properties A concise revision guide to the alcohol functional group: naming alcohols and drawing their structural, displayed and skeletal formulae, classifying them as primary, secondary [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":10900,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-10903","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10903","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10903"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10903\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14185,"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10903\/revisions\/14185"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10900"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10903"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}