{"id":10981,"date":"2026-09-26T22:01:11","date_gmt":"2026-09-26T21:01:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-15-halogen-compounds\/"},"modified":"2026-09-26T22:01:11","modified_gmt":"2026-09-26T21:01:11","slug":"topic-15-halogen-compounds","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-15-halogen-compounds\/","title":{"rendered":"Topic 15 Halogen Compounds"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"ols-cie15-page\">\n\n  <aside class=\"ols-sidebar\">\n  <div class=\"ols-sidebar-header\">\n    <h3>Revision Notes<\/h3>\n    <p>A Level Chemistry<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\n    <h4>Topic 15 Halogen Compounds<\/h4>\n\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-15-halogen-compounds\/\">Topic 15 Overview<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-15-halogen-compounds\/reaction-types-mechanisms-and-nucleophiles\/\">Reaction Types, Mechanisms and Nucleophiles<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-15-halogen-compounds\/halogenoalkanes-naming-classification-and-bonding\/\">Halogenoalkanes: Naming, Classification and the C\u2013X Bond<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-15-halogen-compounds\/nucleophilic-substitution-reactions\/\">Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-15-halogen-compounds\/elimination-reactions-of-halogenoalkanes\/\">Elimination Reactions of Halogenoalkanes<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-15-halogen-compounds\/rates-of-hydrolysis-and-bond-enthalpy\/\">Rates of Hydrolysis and Bond Enthalpy<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\n    <h4>Other Sections<\/h4>\n\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-16-hydroxy-compounds\/\">Topic 16 Hydroxy Compounds<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-22-analytical-techniques\/\">Topic 22 Analytical Techniques<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-14-hydrocarbons\/\">Topic 14 Hydrocarbons<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-13-an-introduction-to-as-level-organic-chemistry\/\">Topic 13 Introduction to AS Organic Chemistry<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-20-polymerisation\/\">Topic 20 Polymerisation<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n  <\/div>\n<\/aside>\n\n<script>\r\n(function() {\r\n  function normalisePath(path) {\r\n    return String(path || '')\r\n      .split('?')[0]\r\n      .split('#')[0]\r\n      .replace(\/\\\/+$\/, '')\r\n      .toLowerCase();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function highlightActive() {\r\n    var sidebar = document.querySelector('.ols-sidebar');\r\n    if (!sidebar) return false;\r\n\r\n    var currentPath = normalisePath(window.location.pathname);\r\n    var links = sidebar.querySelectorAll('a[href]');\r\n    var matched = null;\r\n    var matchedLength = 0;\r\n\r\n    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.ols-cie15-visual--hi { background: radial-gradient(circle at 24% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.46), transparent 24%), linear-gradient(135deg, #fdf4ff 0%, #d8b4fe 45%, #7e22ce 100%); }\n    .ols-cie15-visual--gr { background: radial-gradient(circle at 24% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.46), transparent 24%), linear-gradient(135deg, #f0fdf4 0%, #4ade80 45%, #166534 100%); }\n  <\/style>\n\n  <!-- BREADCRUMB BAR -->\n  <div class=\"ols-cie15-breadcrumb-bar\">\n    <div class=\"ols-cie15-container\">\n      <nav class=\"ols-cie15-breadcrumb\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\">\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/\">Revision Notes<\/a> \/\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/\">A Level Chemistry<\/a> \/\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/\">Cambridge International (CIE)<\/a> \/\n          <span>Topic 15 Halogen Compounds<\/span>\n        <\/nav>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <!-- INTRO -->\n  <section class=\"ols-cie15-intro\">\n    <div class=\"ols-cie15-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-cie15-intro-inner\">\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-eyebrow\">Cambridge International AS &amp; A Level Chemistry &#8211; Organic Chemistry<\/div>\n          <h1>Topic 15<br>Halogen Compounds<\/h1>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-accent-bar\"><\/div>\n          <p class=\"ols-cie15-intro-lead\">Topic 15 covers the production of halogenoalkanes by free-radical substitution, electrophilic addition and substitution of alcohols, their classification, nucleophilic substitution with NaOH(aq), KCN, NH\u2083 and aqueous silver nitrate, elimination with ethanolic NaOH, the S\u20991 and S\u20992 mechanisms with the inductive effects of alkyl groups, and the different reactivities of halogenoalkanes explained by C\u2013X bond strengths.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"ols-cie15-info-grid\">\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-cie15-info-card-label\">Exam Papers<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie15-info-card-value\">Papers 1 &amp; 2<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie15-info-card-sub\">9701 AS Level<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-cie15-info-card-label\">Learning Outcomes<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie15-info-card-value\">15.1.1 &#8211; 15.1.7<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie15-info-card-sub\">7 sections covered<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-cie15-info-card-label\">Topic Parts<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie15-info-card-value\">5 pages<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie15-info-card-sub\">Revision notes available<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-cie15-info-card-label\">Exam Board<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie15-info-card-value\">Cambridge<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie15-info-card-sub\">9701 (2025 onwards)<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- TOPIC CARDS -->\n  <section class=\"ols-cie15-topics\">\n    <div class=\"ols-cie15-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-cie15-section-header\">\n        <h2 class=\"ols-cie15-section-title\">Revision Notes<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"ols-cie15-section-sub\">Work through Topic 15 Halogen Compounds in a structured sequence.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"ols-cie15-cards-grid\">\n\n        <!-- Card 1: Reaction Types, Mechanisms and Nucleophiles -->\n        <a class=\"ols-cie15-card ols-cie15-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-15-halogen-compounds\/reaction-types-mechanisms-and-nucleophiles\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-cie15-visual ols-cie15-visual--ti\">\n              <div class=\"ols-cie15-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-cie15-visual-kicker\">Seven types<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie15-visual-main\">Reaction Types<br>and Mechanisms<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie15-config-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>curly arrows, nucleophiles<\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-cie15-card-num\">1<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie15-card-status ols-cie15-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-cie15-card-title\">Reaction Types, Mechanisms and Nucleophiles<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-cie15-card-desc\">Organic reaction types and mechanisms: addition, elimination, substitution, oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, polymerisation, curly arrows, heterolytic fission, electrophiles, nucleophiles and bond polarity.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie15-card-cta\">Start revising<svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 2: Halogenoalkanes: Naming, Classification and the C\u2013X Bond -->\n        <a class=\"ols-cie15-card ols-cie15-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-15-halogen-compounds\/halogenoalkanes-naming-classification-and-bonding\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-cie15-visual ols-cie15-visual--hi\">\n              <div class=\"ols-cie15-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-cie15-visual-kicker\">C\u2013X bond<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie15-visual-main\">Halogenoalkanes<br>and Bonding<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie15-config-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>\u03b4+ carbon, bond enthalpy<\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-cie15-card-num\">2<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie15-card-status ols-cie15-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-cie15-card-title\">Halogenoalkanes: Naming, Classification and the C\u2013X Bond<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-cie15-card-desc\">Halogenoalkanes: nomenclature and formulae, primary, secondary and tertiary, the polar carbon\u2013halogen bond, bond enthalpies and uses.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie15-card-cta\">Start revising<svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 3: Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions -->\n        <a class=\"ols-cie15-card ols-cie15-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-15-halogen-compounds\/nucleophilic-substitution-reactions\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-cie15-visual ols-cie15-visual--ts\">\n              <div class=\"ols-cie15-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-cie15-visual-kicker\">Lone pair attacks \u03b4+<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie15-visual-main\">Nucleophilic<br>Substitution<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie15-config-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>OH\u207b, H\u2082O, NH\u2083, CN\u207b<\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-cie15-card-num\">3<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie15-card-status ols-cie15-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-cie15-card-title\">Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-cie15-card-desc\">Nucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkanes: hydroxide, water, ammonia and cyanide as nucleophiles, conditions, products and the curly-arrow mechanism.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie15-card-cta\">Start revising<svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 4: Elimination Reactions of Halogenoalkanes -->\n        <a class=\"ols-cie15-card ols-cie15-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-15-halogen-compounds\/elimination-reactions-of-halogenoalkanes\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-cie15-visual ols-cie15-visual--et\">\n              <div class=\"ols-cie15-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-cie15-visual-kicker\">OH\u207b as a base<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie15-visual-main\">Elimination<br>Reactions<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie15-config-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>ethanolic KOH, alkenes<\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-cie15-card-num\">4<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie15-card-status ols-cie15-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-cie15-card-title\">Elimination Reactions of Halogenoalkanes<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-cie15-card-desc\">Elimination of halogenoalkanes: ethanolic KOH, hydroxide as a base, alkene products and isomers, substitution versus elimination.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie15-card-cta\">Start revising<svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 5: Rates of Hydrolysis and Bond Enthalpy -->\n        <a class=\"ols-cie15-card ols-cie15-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-15-halogen-compounds\/rates-of-hydrolysis-and-bond-enthalpy\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-cie15-visual ols-cie15-visual--tr\">\n              <div class=\"ols-cie15-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-cie15-visual-kicker\">AgNO\u2083 in ethanol<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie15-visual-main\">Rates of<br>Hydrolysis<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie15-config-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>white, cream, yellow<\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-cie15-card-num\">5<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie15-card-status ols-cie15-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-cie15-card-title\">Rates of Hydrolysis and Bond Enthalpy<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-cie15-card-desc\">Rates of hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes: the silver nitrate experiment, precipitate colours, bond enthalpy trend for C\u2013Cl, C\u2013Br and C\u2013I, and primary, secondary and tertiary comparison.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie15-card-cta\">Start revising<svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- SPECIFICATION -->\n  <section class=\"ols-cie15-spec-section\">\n    <div class=\"ols-cie15-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-wrap\">\n        <div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-pill\">Specification Coverage<\/div>\n        <h2 class=\"ols-cie15-spec-heading\">Topic 15 Halogen Compounds &#8211; Cambridge International AS Level Chemistry<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"ols-cie15-spec-intro-text\">The following Cambridge learning outcomes state what candidates should be able to do. Wording is taken from the Cambridge International AS &amp; A Level Chemistry (9701) syllabus.<\/p>\n        <h3 class=\"ols-cie15-spec-group-title\">15.1 Halogenoalkanes<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-rows\">\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-row ols-cie15-spec-row--light\"><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-code\">15.1.1(a)-i<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-text\">recall the reaction (reagents and conditions) by which halogenoalkanes can be produced: the free-radical substitution of alkanes by Cl\u2082 in the presence of ultraviolet light, as exemplified by the reactions of ethane<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-row ols-cie15-spec-row--mid\"><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-code ols-cie15-spec-code--mid\">15.1.1(a)-ii<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-text\">recall the reaction (reagents and conditions) by which halogenoalkanes can be produced: the free-radical substitution of alkanes by Br\u2082 in the presence of ultraviolet light, as exemplified by the reactions of ethane<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-row ols-cie15-spec-row--light\"><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-code\">15.1.1(b)-i<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-text\">recall the reaction (reagents and conditions) by which halogenoalkanes can be produced: electrophilic addition of an alkene with a halogen, X\u2082, at room temperature<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-row ols-cie15-spec-row--mid\"><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-code ols-cie15-spec-code--mid\">15.1.1(b)-ii<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-text\">recall the reaction (reagents and conditions) by which halogenoalkanes can be produced: electrophilic addition of an alkene with a hydrogen halide, HX(g), at room temperature<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-row ols-cie15-spec-row--light\"><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-code\">15.1.1(c)-i<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-text\">recall the reaction (reagents and conditions) by which halogenoalkanes can be produced: substitution of an alcohol by reaction with HX(g)<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-row ols-cie15-spec-row--mid\"><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-code ols-cie15-spec-code--mid\">15.1.1(c)-ii<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-text\">recall the reaction (reagents and conditions) by which halogenoalkanes can be produced: substitution of an alcohol with KCl and concentrated H\u2082SO\u2084 or concentrated H\u2083PO\u2084<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-row ols-cie15-spec-row--light\"><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-code\">15.1.1(c)-iii<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-text\">recall the reaction (reagents and conditions) by which halogenoalkanes can be produced: substitution of an alcohol with PCl\u2083 and heat<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-row ols-cie15-spec-row--mid\"><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-code ols-cie15-spec-code--mid\">15.1.1(c)-iv<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-text\">recall the reaction (reagents and conditions) by which halogenoalkanes can be produced: substitution of an alcohol with PCl\u2085<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-row ols-cie15-spec-row--light\"><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-code\">15.1.1(c)-v<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-text\">recall the reaction (reagents and conditions) by which halogenoalkanes can be produced: substitution of an alcohol with SOCl\u2082<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-row ols-cie15-spec-row--mid\"><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-code ols-cie15-spec-code--mid\">15.1.2<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-text\">classify halogenoalkanes into primary, secondary and tertiary<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-row ols-cie15-spec-row--light\"><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-code\">15.1.3(a)<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-text\">describe the nucleophilic substitution reaction of halogenoalkanes with NaOH(aq) and heat to produce an alcohol<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-row ols-cie15-spec-row--mid\"><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-code ols-cie15-spec-code--mid\">15.1.3(b)<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-text\">describe the nucleophilic substitution reaction of halogenoalkanes with KCN in ethanol and heat to produce a nitrile<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-row ols-cie15-spec-row--light\"><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-code\">15.1.3(c)<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-text\">describe the nucleophilic substitution reaction of halogenoalkanes with NH\u2083 in ethanol heated under pressure to produce an amine<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-row ols-cie15-spec-row--mid\"><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-code ols-cie15-spec-code--mid\">15.1.3(d)<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-text\">describe the nucleophilic substitution reaction of halogenoalkanes with aqueous silver nitrate in ethanol as a method of identifying the halogen present as exemplified by bromoethane<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-row ols-cie15-spec-row--light\"><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-code\">15.1.4<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-text\">describe the elimination reaction with NaOH in ethanol and heat to produce an alkene as exemplified by bromoethane<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-row ols-cie15-spec-row--mid\"><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-code ols-cie15-spec-code--mid\">15.1.5-a<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-text\">describe the SN\u2081 mechanism of nucleophilic substitution in halogenoalkanes including the inductive effects of alkyl groups<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-row ols-cie15-spec-row--light\"><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-code\">15.1.5-b<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-text\">describe the SN\u2082 mechanism of nucleophilic substitution in halogenoalkanes including the inductive effects of alkyl groups<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-row ols-cie15-spec-row--mid\"><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-code ols-cie15-spec-code--mid\">15.1.6-a<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-text\">recall that primary halogenoalkanes tend to react via the SN\u2082 mechanism<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-row ols-cie15-spec-row--light\"><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-code\">15.1.6-b<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-text\">recall that tertiary halogenoalkanes tend to react via the SN\u2081 mechanism<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-row ols-cie15-spec-row--mid\"><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-code ols-cie15-spec-code--mid\">15.1.6-c<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-text\">recall that secondary halogenoalkanes tend to react by a mixture of the SN\u2081 and SN\u2082 mechanisms, depending on structure<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-row ols-cie15-spec-row--light\"><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-code\">15.1.7-a<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-text\">describe the different reactivities of halogenoalkanes (with particular reference to the relative strengths of the C\u2013X bonds as exemplified by the reactions of halogenoalkanes with aqueous silver nitrate)<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-row ols-cie15-spec-row--mid\"><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-code ols-cie15-spec-code--mid\">15.1.7-b<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie15-spec-text\">explain the different reactivities of halogenoalkanes (with particular reference to the relative strengths of the C\u2013X bonds as exemplified by the reactions of halogenoalkanes with aqueous silver nitrate)<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@graph\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"CollectionPage\",\n      \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-15-halogen-compounds\/#webpage\",\n      \"url\": 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