{"id":1784,"date":"2026-04-03T06:59:04","date_gmt":"2026-04-03T05:59:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/?page_id=1784"},"modified":"2026-06-28T05:55:26","modified_gmt":"2026-06-28T04:55:26","slug":"edexcel","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/","title":{"rendered":"Edexcel"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"ols-edexcel-page\">\n\n  <style>\n    @import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Poppins:wght@300;400;500;600;700;800&display=swap');\n\n    .ols-edexcel-page,\n    .ols-edexcel-page * {\n      box-sizing: border-box;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-page {\n      --ols-blue: #1C244B;\n      --ols-blue-2: #253064;\n      --ols-light-blue: #467FF7;\n      --ols-soft-blue: #EEF4FF;\n      --ols-soft-blue-2: #DCE9FF;\n      --ols-ink: #071845;\n      --ols-muted: #4b5575;\n      --ols-soft: #f5f7fb;\n      --ols-soft-2: #eef2f8;\n      --ols-white: #ffffff;\n      --ols-border: rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.12);\n      --ols-shadow: 0 18px 45px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.12);\n      --ols-shadow-soft: 0 10px 28px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.09);\n      --ols-radius: 26px;\n      --ols-container: 1180px;\n\n      font-family: \"Poppins\", Arial, sans-serif;\n      color: var(--ols-ink);\n      background:\n        radial-gradient(circle at top left, rgba(70, 127, 247, 0.08), transparent 32%),\n        linear-gradient(180deg, #ffffff 0%, #ffffff 100%);\n      overflow: hidden;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-page a {\n      color: inherit;\n      text-decoration: none;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-page img {\n      max-width: 100%;\n      display: block;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-container {\n      width: min(var(--ols-container), calc(100% - 40px));\n      margin: 0 auto;\n    }\n\n    \/* =========================================================\n       GLOBAL BUTTON STYLE\n    ========================================================= *\/\n\n    .ols-edexcel-btn,\n    .ols-edexcel-resource-link {\n      display: inline-flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      justify-content: center;\n      min-width: 116px;\n      min-height: 40px;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      border: 1px solid rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.22);\n      color: var(--ols-blue);\n      background: #ffffff;\n      font-size: 13px;\n      font-weight: 600;\n      line-height: 1;\n      font-family: \"Poppins\", Arial, sans-serif;\n      box-shadow: none;\n      cursor: pointer;\n      white-space: nowrap;\n      padding: 13px 26px;\n      transition:\n        background 0.25s ease,\n        color 0.25s ease,\n        transform 0.25s ease,\n        border-color 0.25s ease,\n        box-shadow 0.25s ease;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-btn:hover,\n    .ols-edexcel-resource-link:hover {\n      background: var(--ols-blue);\n      color: #ffffff;\n      border-color: var(--ols-blue);\n      transform: translateY(-2px);\n      box-shadow: none;\n    }\n\n    \/* =========================================================\n       BREADCRUMB BAR\n    ========================================================= *\/\n\n    .ols-edexcel-breadcrumb-bar {\n      padding: 16px 0 0;\n      background: #ffffff;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-breadcrumb {\n      display: flex;\n      flex-wrap: wrap;\n      gap: 6px;\n      font-size: 13px;\n      color: var(--ols-muted);\n      font-weight: 500;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-breadcrumb a {\n      color: var(--ols-muted);\n      transition: color 0.2s ease;\n      text-decoration: none;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-breadcrumb a:hover {\n      color: var(--ols-light-blue);\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-breadcrumb span {\n      color: var(--ols-blue);\n      font-weight: 700;\n    }\n\n    \/* =========================================================\n       HERO\n    ========================================================= *\/\n\n    .ols-edexcel-hero {\n      padding: 74px 0 80px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-hero-grid {\n      display: grid;\n      grid-template-columns: 0.92fr 1.08fr;\n      gap: 72px;\n      align-items: center;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-eyebrow {\n      display: inline-flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      gap: 10px;\n      padding: 9px 14px;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      background: #ffffff;\n      border: 1px solid rgba(70, 127, 247, 0.18);\n      color: var(--ols-light-blue);\n      font-size: 13px;\n      font-weight: 600;\n      box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.06);\n      margin-bottom: 22px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-eyebrow::before {\n      content: \"\";\n      width: 8px;\n      height: 8px;\n      border-radius: 50%;\n      background: var(--ols-light-blue);\n      box-shadow: 0 0 0 5px rgba(70, 127, 247, 0.10);\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-hero h1,\n    .ols-edexcel-section-title {\n      color: var(--ols-blue);\n      font-weight: 700;\n      letter-spacing: -0.045em;\n      line-height: 1.08;\n      margin: 0;\n      text-shadow: -9px 0 9px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.08);\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-hero h1 {\n      font-size: clamp(52px, 6vw, 86px);\n      max-width: 560px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-hero-lead {\n      color: #11316b;\n      font-size: clamp(18px, 2vw, 22px);\n      line-height: 1.62;\n      font-weight: 300;\n      margin: 26px 0 0;\n      max-width: 560px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-hero-actions {\n      display: flex;\n      justify-content: center;\n      margin-top: 34px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-info-panel {\n      position: relative;\n      background:\n        linear-gradient(145deg, rgba(255,255,255,0.92), rgba(245,247,251,0.94)),\n        radial-gradient(circle at top right, rgba(70, 127, 247, 0.12), transparent 38%);\n      border: 1px solid var(--ols-border);\n      border-radius: var(--ols-radius);\n      box-shadow: var(--ols-shadow);\n      padding: 44px 44px 40px;\n      overflow: hidden;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-info-panel::before {\n      content: \"\";\n      position: absolute;\n      inset: 0;\n      pointer-events: none;\n      background:\n        linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(70, 127, 247, 0.08) 1px, transparent 1px),\n        linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(70, 127, 247, 0.08) 1px, transparent 1px);\n      background-size: 34px 34px;\n      mask-image: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(0,0,0,0.32), transparent 70%);\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-info-item {\n      position: relative;\n      padding: 0 0 34px 0;\n      margin-bottom: 34px;\n      border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.1);\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-info-item:last-child {\n      padding-bottom: 0;\n      margin-bottom: 0;\n      border-bottom: 0;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-info-item h2 {\n      margin: 0 0 8px;\n      color: var(--ols-blue);\n      font-size: 20px;\n      line-height: 1.18;\n      letter-spacing: -0.02em;\n      font-weight: 700;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-info-item p {\n      margin: 0;\n      color: #06245b;\n      font-size: 14px;\n      line-height: 1.72;\n      font-weight: 400;\n    }\n\n    \/* =========================================================\n       PAPERS SECTION\n    ========================================================= *\/\n\n    .ols-edexcel-papers {\n      padding: 84px 0 96px;\n      background:\n        linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(245, 247, 251, 0.72), rgba(255, 255, 255, 1));\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-papers-grid {\n      display: grid;\n      grid-template-columns: 1.05fr 0.95fr;\n      gap: 70px;\n      align-items: start;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-paper-panel {\n      background:\n        linear-gradient(145deg, rgba(255,255,255,0.95), rgba(243,246,252,0.96));\n      border: 1px solid var(--ols-border);\n      border-radius: var(--ols-radius);\n      box-shadow: var(--ols-shadow-soft);\n      padding: 42px;\n      position: relative;\n      overflow: hidden;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-paper-panel::before {\n      content: \"\";\n      position: absolute;\n      width: 210px;\n      height: 210px;\n      border-radius: 50%;\n      background: rgba(70, 127, 247, 0.12);\n      right: -82px;\n      top: -82px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-paper-item {\n      position: relative;\n      padding-bottom: 34px;\n      margin-bottom: 34px;\n      border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.1);\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-paper-item:last-child {\n      padding-bottom: 0;\n      margin-bottom: 0;\n      border-bottom: 0;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-paper-item h3 {\n      margin: 0 0 12px;\n      color: var(--ols-blue);\n      font-size: 18px;\n      line-height: 1.25;\n      letter-spacing: -0.02em;\n      font-weight: 700;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-paper-meta {\n      margin: 0 0 14px;\n      color: #12336f;\n      font-size: 13px;\n      line-height: 1.7;\n      font-weight: 500;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-paper-item p {\n      color: #06245b;\n      font-size: 13px;\n      line-height: 1.72;\n      margin: 0 0 14px;\n      padding: 0;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-core-list {\n      color: #06245b;\n      font-size: 13px;\n      line-height: 1.72;\n      margin: 0;\n      padding: 0;\n      list-style: none;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-core-list li {\n      margin: 0;\n      padding: 0;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-papers-copy {\n      position: sticky;\n      top: 24px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-papers-copy h2 {\n      font-size: clamp(42px, 5vw, 64px);\n      max-width: 560px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-papers-copy p {\n      color: #12336f;\n      font-size: 17px;\n      line-height: 1.65;\n      font-weight: 300;\n      margin: 24px 0 34px;\n      max-width: 560px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-mini-products {\n      display: grid;\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\n      gap: 22px;\n      max-width: 310px;\n      margin: 0 auto;\n    }\n\n    \/* =========================================================\n       CLICKABLE COURSE CARDS\n    ========================================================= *\/\n\n    .ols-edexcel-course-card {\n      display: block;\n      background: #ffffff;\n      border: 1px solid rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.12);\n      border-radius: 20px;\n      overflow: hidden;\n      box-shadow: 0 14px 30px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.12);\n      transition:\n        transform 0.28s ease,\n        box-shadow 0.28s ease,\n        border-color 0.28s ease;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-course-card:hover {\n      transform: translateY(-10px);\n      box-shadow: 0 24px 46px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.18);\n      border-color: rgba(70, 127, 247, 0.30);\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-course-card img {\n      width: 100%;\n      height: auto;\n      aspect-ratio: 1 \/ 1;\n      object-fit: cover;\n      background: #fff6ea;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-course-body {\n      padding: 18px 18px 22px;\n      text-align: center;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-course-body h3 {\n      margin: 0 0 8px;\n      color: #0b4cff;\n      font-size: 14px;\n      line-height: 1.35;\n      font-weight: 500;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-stars {\n      color: #e2336b;\n      font-size: 15px;\n      line-height: 1;\n      margin-bottom: 7px;\n      letter-spacing: 1px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-price {\n      font-size: 13px;\n      color: var(--ols-blue);\n      font-weight: 700;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-price del {\n      opacity: 0.55;\n      margin-right: 6px;\n      font-weight: 500;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-basket {\n      display: inline-flex;\n      margin-top: 14px;\n      padding: 9px 16px;\n      border-radius: 8px;\n      background: #eef0f7;\n      color: var(--ols-blue);\n      font-size: 12px;\n      font-weight: 600;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-product-row {\n      display: grid;\n      grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\n      gap: 26px;\n      margin-top: 58px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-product-row .ols-edexcel-course-card {\n      max-width: 360px;\n      width: 100%;\n      margin: 0 auto;\n    }\n\n    \/* =========================================================\n       SVG PATHWAY\n    ========================================================= *\/\n\n    .ols-edexcel-pathway {\n      padding: 86px 0 60px;\n      background: #ffffff;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-pathway-card {\n      border-radius: 28px;\n      border: 1px solid rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.12);\n      box-shadow: var(--ols-shadow-soft);\n      padding: 24px;\n      background: #ffffff;\n      overflow: hidden;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-pathway-card img {\n      width: 100%;\n      height: auto;\n      object-fit: contain;\n      border-radius: 18px;\n      background: #ffffff;\n    }\n\n    \/* =========================================================\n       OLS CTA\n    ========================================================= *\/\n\n    .ols-edexcel-study {\n      padding: 82px 0 92px;\n      background:\n        radial-gradient(circle at top center, rgba(70, 127, 247, 0.08), transparent 32%),\n        linear-gradient(180deg, #f7f9fd 0%, #ffffff 100%);\n      text-align: center;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-study h2 {\n      color: var(--ols-blue);\n      font-size: clamp(40px, 5vw, 64px);\n      line-height: 1.1;\n      letter-spacing: -0.045em;\n      margin: 0;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      text-shadow: -9px 0 9px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.08);\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-study p {\n      max-width: 860px;\n      margin: 22px auto 30px;\n      color: #12336f;\n      font-size: 18px;\n      line-height: 1.65;\n      font-weight: 300;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-study-image {\n      width: min(760px, 100%);\n      margin: 38px auto 0;\n      border-radius: 24px;\n      overflow: hidden;\n      box-shadow: 0 20px 42px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.18);\n      border: 1px solid rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.14);\n      background: #dfe7ff;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-study-image img {\n      width: 100%;\n      height: auto;\n    }\n\n    \/* =========================================================\n       QUALIFICATION CHOICE\n    ========================================================= *\/\n\n    .ols-edexcel-choice {\n      padding: 80px 0 50px;\n      background: #ffffff;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-choice-grid {\n      display: grid;\n      grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\n      gap: 26px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-choice-card {\n      position: relative;\n      background:\n        linear-gradient(145deg, #ffffff, #f7f9fd);\n      border: 1px solid rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.12);\n      border-radius: 26px;\n      box-shadow: var(--ols-shadow-soft);\n      padding: 34px;\n      overflow: hidden;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-choice-card::before {\n      content: \"\";\n      position: absolute;\n      inset: 0;\n      background:\n        linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(70, 127, 247, 0.06) 1px, transparent 1px),\n        linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(70, 127, 247, 0.06) 1px, transparent 1px);\n      background-size: 36px 36px;\n      mask-image: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(0,0,0,0.24), transparent 70%);\n      pointer-events: none;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-choice-card > * {\n      position: relative;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-badge {\n      display: inline-flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      padding: 8px 12px;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      background: #ffffff;\n      border: 1px solid rgba(70, 127, 247, 0.18);\n      color: var(--ols-light-blue);\n      font-size: 12px;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      margin-bottom: 18px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-choice-card h2 {\n      color: var(--ols-blue);\n      margin: 0 0 14px;\n      font-size: 26px;\n      line-height: 1.2;\n      letter-spacing: -0.035em;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      text-shadow: -9px 0 9px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.08);\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-choice-line {\n      width: 62px;\n      height: 3px;\n      background: var(--ols-light-blue);\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      margin-bottom: 18px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-chip {\n      display: inline-flex;\n      padding: 8px 12px;\n      border-radius: 8px;\n      background: var(--ols-blue);\n      color: #ffffff;\n      font-size: 12px;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      margin-bottom: 18px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-choice-card p {\n      margin: 0;\n      color: #06245b;\n      font-size: 14px;\n      line-height: 1.8;\n    }\n\n    \/* =========================================================\n       VIDEO\n    ========================================================= *\/\n\n    .ols-edexcel-video-section {\n      padding: 88px 0 92px;\n      background: #f7f9fd;\n      text-align: center;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-video-section h2 {\n      color: var(--ols-blue);\n      font-size: clamp(40px, 4.6vw, 58px);\n      line-height: 1.12;\n      letter-spacing: -0.04em;\n      margin: 0;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      text-shadow: -9px 0 9px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.08);\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-video-section p {\n      margin: 16px auto 34px;\n      color: #12336f;\n      font-size: 18px;\n      line-height: 1.58;\n      font-weight: 300;\n      max-width: 760px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-video-wrap {\n      position: relative;\n      width: min(1040px, 100%);\n      margin: 0 auto;\n      border-radius: 28px;\n      overflow: hidden;\n      background: #000000;\n      box-shadow: 0 24px 54px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.22);\n      border: 1px solid rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.16);\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-video-frame {\n      position: relative;\n      width: 100%;\n      padding-top: 56.25%;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-video-frame iframe {\n      position: absolute;\n      inset: 0;\n      width: 100%;\n      height: 100%;\n      border: 0;\n    }\n\n    \/* =========================================================\n       RESOURCES\n    ========================================================= *\/\n\n    .ols-edexcel-resources {\n      padding: 78px 0 92px;\n      background: #ffffff;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-resource-stack {\n      display: grid;\n      gap: 24px;\n      max-width: 880px;\n      margin: 0 auto;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-resource-card {\n      background:\n        linear-gradient(145deg, #ffffff, #f7f9fd);\n      border: 1px solid rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.10);\n      border-radius: 24px;\n      box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.08);\n      padding: 34px 28px;\n      text-align: center;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-resource-card h3 {\n      margin: 0 0 12px;\n      color: var(--ols-blue);\n      font-size: 22px;\n      line-height: 1.2;\n      letter-spacing: -0.025em;\n      font-weight: 700;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-resource-card p {\n      color: #06245b;\n      font-size: 14px;\n      line-height: 1.72;\n      margin: 0 auto 20px;\n      max-width: 720px;\n    }\n\n    \/* =========================================================\n       FAQ\n    ========================================================= *\/\n\n    .ols-edexcel-faq {\n      padding: 86px 0 100px;\n      background:\n        radial-gradient(circle at top center, rgba(70, 127, 247, 0.09), transparent 32%),\n        linear-gradient(180deg, #ffffff 0%, #f7f9fd 100%);\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-faq h2 {\n      text-align: center;\n      color: var(--ols-blue);\n      font-size: clamp(46px, 5vw, 68px);\n      line-height: 1.08;\n      letter-spacing: -0.045em;\n      margin: 0 0 46px;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      text-shadow: -9px 0 9px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.08);\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-faq-grid {\n      display: grid;\n      grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\n      gap: 20px 28px;\n      align-items: start;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-faq-item {\n      width: 100%;\n      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96);\n      border: 1px solid rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.12);\n      border-radius: 22px;\n      box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.06);\n      overflow: hidden;\n      transition:\n        box-shadow 0.25s ease,\n        border-color 0.25s ease,\n        transform 0.25s ease;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-faq-item:hover {\n      transform: translateY(-2px);\n      box-shadow: 0 14px 30px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.10);\n      border-color: rgba(70, 127, 247, 0.24);\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-faq-question {\n      width: 100%;\n      display: grid;\n      grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 34px;\n      gap: 18px;\n      align-items: center;\n      min-height: 80px;\n      padding: 22px 24px;\n      background: #ffffff !important;\n      background-color: #ffffff !important;\n      border: 0 !important;\n      cursor: pointer;\n      text-align: left;\n      color: var(--ols-blue) !important;\n      font-family: \"Poppins\", Arial, sans-serif;\n      font-size: 15px;\n      line-height: 1.45;\n      font-weight: 600;\n      white-space: normal;\n      outline: none !important;\n      box-shadow: none !important;\n      -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\n      appearance: none;\n      -webkit-appearance: none;\n    }\n\n    .ols-edexcel-faq-question:hover,\n    .ols-edexcel-faq-question:focus,\n    .ols-edexcel-faq-question:focus-visible,\n    .ols-edexcel-faq-question:active {\n      background: #ffffff !important;\n      background-color: #ffffff !important;\n      color: var(--ols-blue) !important;\n    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@media (max-width: 640px) {\n      .ols-edexcel-navigator {\n        padding: 54px 0 60px;\n      }\n      .ols-edexcel-unit-row {\n        grid-template-columns: 1fr;\n        gap: 10px;\n      }\n      .ols-edexcel-unit-label {\n        flex-direction: row;\n        border-radius: 14px;\n        min-height: auto;\n        padding: 12px 16px;\n        justify-content: flex-start;\n        text-align: left;\n        gap: 10px;\n      }\n      .ols-edexcel-topics-wrap {\n        display: grid;\n        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\n        gap: 10px;\n      }\n      .ols-edexcel-topic-chip {\n        width: 100%;\n        min-width: 0;\n        max-width: none;\n      }\n      .ols-edexcel-topic-chip:last-child:nth-child(odd) {\n        grid-column: 1 \/ -1;\n      }\n    }\n  <\/style>\n\n<!-- BREADCRUMB BAR -->\n<div class=\"ols-edexcel-breadcrumb-bar\">\n  <div class=\"ols-edexcel-container\">\n    <nav class=\"ols-edexcel-breadcrumb\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/\">Revision Notes<\/a> \/\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/\">A Level Chemistry<\/a> \/\n      <span>Edexcel<\/span>\n    <\/nav>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n  <!-- TOPIC NAVIGATOR -->\n  <section class=\"ols-edexcel-navigator\">\n    <div class=\"ols-edexcel-container\">\n\n      <div class=\"ols-edexcel-nav-intro\">\n        <div class=\"ols-edexcel-nav-eyebrow\">Edexcel A Level Chemistry (9CH0)<\/div>\n        <h2 class=\"ols-edexcel-nav-heading\">Revision Notes by Topic<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"ols-edexcel-nav-sub\">Select a topic to access structured revision notes, 3D models and exam practice.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div id=\"ols-9ch0-units-container\"><\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- HERO -->\n  <section class=\"ols-edexcel-hero\">\n    <div class=\"ols-edexcel-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-edexcel-hero-grid\">\n\n        <div class=\"ols-edexcel-hero-copy\">\n          <div class=\"ols-edexcel-eyebrow\">Introduction<\/div>\n\n          <h1>Edexcel<br>A Level<br>Chemistry<\/h1>\n\n          <p class=\"ols-edexcel-hero-lead\">\n            The Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Chemistry is the standard A Level Chemistry qualification for students studying in England. A fully linear qualification, all three written papers are sat at the end of Year 13 in the May\/June exam series. This page covers everything you need to know about the qualification, its structure, and what each paper involves.\n          <\/p>\n\n          <div class=\"ols-edexcel-hero-actions\">\n            <a class=\"ols-edexcel-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/\">View Courses<\/a>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"ols-edexcel-info-panel\" aria-label=\"Edexcel A Level Chemistry overview\">\n          <div class=\"ols-edexcel-info-item\">\n            <h2>A Linear Qualification<\/h2>\n            <p>\n              The Edexcel A Level in Chemistry (9CH0) is assessed entirely at the end of the two-year course. All three written papers are sat in May\/June of Year 13 &#8211; there are no January or October exam windows. Grades are awarded on a single A*-E scale.\n            <\/p>\n          <\/div>\n\n          <div class=\"ols-edexcel-info-item\">\n            <h2>The Practical Endorsement<\/h2>\n            <p>\n              Alongside the three written papers, students complete a Science Practical Endorsement (9CH0\/04), assessed by teachers throughout the course. It is reported separately as Pass or Fail and does not contribute to the A Level grade &#8211; but is required by many universities.\n            <\/p>\n          <\/div>\n\n          <div class=\"ols-edexcel-info-item\">\n            <h2>AS Level Chemistry<\/h2>\n            <p>\n              An AS Level in Chemistry (8CH0) exists as a separate, standalone qualification sat in May\/June of Year 12. It does not contribute to the A Level grade and is a completely independent qualification.\n            <\/p>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- THREE PAPERS -->\n  <section class=\"ols-edexcel-papers\">\n    <div class=\"ols-edexcel-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-edexcel-papers-grid\">\n\n        <div class=\"ols-edexcel-paper-panel\">\n\n          <div class=\"ols-edexcel-paper-item\">\n            <h3>Paper 1 &#8211; Advanced Inorganic And Physical Chemistry<\/h3>\n            <div class=\"ols-edexcel-paper-meta\">\n              Paper code: 9CH0\/01<br>\n              Written examination: 1 hour 45 minutes | 90 marks | 30% of total A Level\n            <\/div>\n\n            <p>\n              Covers Topics 1-5, 8 and 10-15: atomic structure, bonding, redox, inorganic chemistry, formulae and amounts, energetics, equilibria and transition metals.\n            <\/p>\n\n            <p>\n              Assessed through multiple-choice, short open, open-response and calculation questions. Core Practicals CP1-CP3, CP8-CP12 are examined in this paper.\n            <\/p>\n          <\/div>\n\n          <div class=\"ols-edexcel-paper-item\">\n            <h3>Paper 2 &#8211; Advanced Organic And Physical Chemistry<\/h3>\n            <div class=\"ols-edexcel-paper-meta\">\n              Paper code: 9CH0\/02<br>\n              Written examination: 1 hour 45 minutes | 90 marks | 30% of total A Level\n            <\/div>\n\n            <p>\n              Covers Topics 2, 3, 5-7 and 9, 16-19: bonding, redox, organic chemistry, analytical techniques, kinetics and organic synthesis.\n            <\/p>\n\n            <p>\n              Assessed through multiple-choice, short open, open-response and extended writing questions. Core Practicals CP4-CP7, CP13-CP16 are examined in this paper.\n            <\/p>\n          <\/div>\n\n          <div class=\"ols-edexcel-paper-item\">\n            <h3>Paper 3 &#8211; General And Practical Principles In Chemistry<\/h3>\n            <div class=\"ols-edexcel-paper-meta\">\n              Paper code: 9CH0\/03<br>\n              Written examination: 2 hours 30 minutes | 120 marks | 40% of total A Level\n            <\/div>\n\n            <p>\n              Synoptic paper drawing on the full specification and all 16 core practicals, including questions that cross two or more topics.\n            <\/p>\n\n            <p>\n              Assessed through short open, open-response, extended writing and calculation questions. At least 20% of marks target mathematics at Level 2 or above.\n            <\/p>\n          <\/div>\n\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"ols-edexcel-papers-copy\">\n          <h2 class=\"ols-edexcel-section-title\">The Three Papers &#8211; How The A Level Is Assessed<\/h2>\n          <p>\n            The A Level is assessed through three externally examined papers, all sat at the end of Year 13. Papers 1 and 2 each cover distinct areas of the chemistry content. Paper 3 is a synoptic paper that draws on the full specification and assesses practical understanding. All three papers are available in the May\/June exam series only.\n          <\/p>\n\n          <div class=\"ols-edexcel-mini-products\">\n\n            <a class=\"ols-edexcel-course-card\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/product\/organic-chemistry-and-alkanes-topic-6ab\/\">\n              <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/edexcel-a-level-chemistry-topic-6a-6b-organic-chemistry-alkanes-course-banner.jpg\" alt=\"Edexcel A Level Chemistry Topic 6A and 6B Organic Chemistry and Alkanes course card\" title=\"Organic Chemistry and Alkanes - Topic 6A\/6B\">\n              <div class=\"ols-edexcel-course-body\">\n                <h3>Organic Chemistry and Alkanes &#8211; Topic 6A\/6B<\/h3>\n                <div class=\"ols-edexcel-stars\">\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-edexcel-price\"><del>\u00a399.00<\/del>\u00a349.00<\/div>\n                <span class=\"ols-edexcel-basket\">Add to basket<\/span>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/a>\n\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- SVG PATHWAY -->\n  <section class=\"ols-edexcel-pathway\">\n    <div class=\"ols-edexcel-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-edexcel-pathway-card\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ALevelChemistryPathway-1920x1080-1.svg\" alt=\"Edexcel A Level Chemistry assessment structure pathway\" title=\"Edexcel A Level Chemistry Assessment Structure\">\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- STUDY WITH OLS -->\n  <section class=\"ols-edexcel-study\">\n    <div class=\"ols-edexcel-container\">\n      <h2>Study Edexcel Chemistry with OLS<\/h2>\n      <p>\n        OLS courses are built exclusively around the Edexcel specification, with recorded lessons, interactive study notes, Edexcel exam question practice, and specialist marked assignments for every unit.\n      <\/p>\n      <a class=\"ols-edexcel-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/\">View Courses<\/a>\n\n      <div class=\"ols-edexcel-study-image\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/a-level-chemistry-virtual-lesson-tutor.webp\" alt=\"Edexcel A Level Chemistry online virtual lesson with tutor\" title=\"Study Edexcel Chemistry with OLS\">\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- CHOICE CARDS -->\n  <section class=\"ols-edexcel-choice\">\n    <div class=\"ols-edexcel-container\">\n\n      <div class=\"ols-edexcel-choice-grid\">\n\n        <article class=\"ols-edexcel-choice-card\">\n          <span class=\"ols-edexcel-badge\">Full Qualification<\/span>\n          <h2>Take the A Level if&#8230;<\/h2>\n          <div class=\"ols-edexcel-choice-line\"><\/div>\n          <span class=\"ols-edexcel-chip\">Edexcel A Level &#8211; 9CH0<\/span>\n          <p>\n            You need chemistry for university entry, particularly for medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, biochemistry, chemical engineering or any science degree. The Edexcel A Level (9CH0) is the standard qualification required by UK universities and is accepted worldwide. If chemistry is a prerequisite for your intended course, this is the qualification you need.\n          <\/p>\n        <\/article>\n\n        <article class=\"ols-edexcel-choice-card\">\n          <span class=\"ols-edexcel-badge\">Standalone Award<\/span>\n          <h2>Take the AS Level if&#8230;<\/h2>\n          <div class=\"ols-edexcel-choice-line\"><\/div>\n          <span class=\"ols-edexcel-chip\">Edexcel AS Level &#8211; 8CH0<\/span>\n          <p>\n            You want a recognised chemistry qualification without committing to the full two-year A Level course. The Edexcel AS Level (8CH0) is a standalone award sat at the end of Year 12. Note that it does not contribute to the A Level grade, it is a completely separate qualification, useful for demonstrating chemistry knowledge at a subsidiary level.\n          <\/p>\n        <\/article>\n\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"ols-edexcel-product-row\">\n\n        <a class=\"ols-edexcel-course-card\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/product\/organic-chemistry-and-alkanes-topic-6ab\/\">\n          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/edexcel-a-level-chemistry-topic-6a-6b-organic-chemistry-alkanes-course-banner.jpg\" alt=\"Edexcel A Level Chemistry Topic 6A and 6B Organic Chemistry and Alkanes course card\" title=\"Organic Chemistry and Alkanes - Topic 6A\/6B\">\n          <div class=\"ols-edexcel-course-body\">\n            <h3>Organic Chemistry and Alkanes &#8211; Topic 6A\/6B<\/h3>\n            <div class=\"ols-edexcel-stars\">\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605<\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-edexcel-price\"><del>\u00a399.00<\/del>\u00a349.00<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-edexcel-basket\">Add to basket<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n      <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- VIDEO -->\n  <section class=\"ols-edexcel-video-section\">\n    <div class=\"ols-edexcel-container\">\n      <h2>Watch an Edexcel Chemistry Lesson Preview<\/h2>\n      <p>\n        See how OLS uses visual explanation, molecular models and specialist teacher commentary to support difficult A Level Chemistry topics.\n      <\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"ols-edexcel-video-wrap\">\n        <div class=\"ols-edexcel-video-frame\">\n          <iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/M0iLMXF5o6o?start=1\" title=\"Edexcel A Level Chemistry online lesson preview\" loading=\"lazy\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen=\"\">\n          <\/iframe>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- RESOURCES -->\n  <section class=\"ols-edexcel-resources\">\n    <div class=\"ols-edexcel-container\">\n\n      <div class=\"ols-edexcel-resource-stack\">\n\n        <article class=\"ols-edexcel-resource-card\">\n          <h3>Official Specification<\/h3>\n          <p>\n            The official Pearson Edexcel Chemistry specification covering all six units, assessment structure, topic content, and the core practical activities. Essential reading for any IAL Chemistry student.\n          <\/p>\n          <a class=\"ols-edexcel-resource-link\" href=\"INSERT_LINK_HERE\">Edexcel Chemistry Specification \u2192<\/a>\n        <\/article>\n\n        <article class=\"ols-edexcel-resource-card\">\n          <h3>Past Papers &amp; Mark Schemes<\/h3>\n          <p>\n            The official Pearson past paper repository for Edexcel Chemistry, including exam papers, mark schemes and examiner reports from all available series.\n          <\/p>\n          <a class=\"ols-edexcel-resource-link\" href=\"INSERT_LINK_HERE\">Edexcel Past Papers \u2192<\/a>\n        <\/article>\n\n        <article class=\"ols-edexcel-resource-card\">\n          <h3>Chemistry Reference Library<\/h3>\n          <p>\n            LibreTexts Chemistry is a free, open-access chemistry library covering a wide range of topics at A Level and beyond, useful for deeper reading and alternative explanations of difficult concepts.\n          <\/p>\n          <a class=\"ols-edexcel-resource-link\" href=\"INSERT_LINK_HERE\">LibreTexts Chemistry \u2192<\/a>\n        <\/article>\n\n      <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- FAQ -->\n  <section class=\"ols-edexcel-faq\">\n    <div class=\"ols-edexcel-container\">\n\n      <h2>FAQ<\/h2>\n\n      <div class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-grid\">\n\n        <div class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-item\">\n          <button class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-question\" type=\"button\">\n            <span class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-title\">What Is The Difference Between Edexcel A Level And Edexcel IAL Chemistry?<\/span>\n            <span class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-icon\">+<\/span>\n          <\/button>\n          <div class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-answer\">\n            <div class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-answer-inner\">\n              The Edexcel A Level (9CH0) is the standard chemistry qualification for students studying in England, regulated by Ofqual. It is linear: all three papers are sat at the end of Year 13 in May\/June only. The Edexcel IAL is designed for international students, has a modular structure with exam windows in January, June and October, and is not regulated by Ofqual. The content is comparable across both qualifications and both are accepted by UK universities.\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-item\">\n          <button class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-question\" type=\"button\">\n            <span class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-title\">How Many Exams Are There In Total For The Edexcel A Level?<\/span>\n            <span class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-icon\">+<\/span>\n          <\/button>\n          <div class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-answer\">\n            <div class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-answer-inner\">\n              The Edexcel A Level in Chemistry consists of three externally assessed written papers: Paper 1, Paper 2 and Paper 3. All three are sat at the end of Year 13 in the May\/June series. Alongside the written papers, students must also complete the Science Practical Endorsement, which is teacher assessed throughout the course and reported separately as Pass or Fail. There is no coursework component: all graded assessment is through written papers.\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-item\">\n          <button class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-question\" type=\"button\">\n            <span class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-title\">Is The Edexcel A Level Accepted By UK Universities?<\/span>\n            <span class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-icon\">+<\/span>\n          <\/button>\n          <div class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-answer\">\n            <div class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-answer-inner\">\n              Yes. The Edexcel A Level in Chemistry is a fully Ofqual-regulated qualification and is accepted by all UK universities. It is the standard entry qualification for chemistry, medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, biochemistry and related science degrees. Students should always verify the specific entry requirements of their target institutions directly.\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-item\">\n          <button class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-question\" type=\"button\">\n            <span class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-title\">When Are The Edexcel A Level Chemistry Exams Available?<\/span>\n            <span class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-icon\">+<\/span>\n          <\/button>\n          <div class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-answer\">\n            <div class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-answer-inner\">\n              Edexcel A Level Chemistry exams are available in one series per year: May\/June only. Unlike the Edexcel IAL, there are no January or October windows. All three papers must be sat in the same exam series at the end of Year 13. Students cannot spread papers across different sessions or resit individual papers in isolation.\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-item\">\n          <button class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-question\" type=\"button\">\n            <span class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-title\">Can I Resit Edexcel A Level Chemistry Papers?<\/span>\n            <span class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-icon\">+<\/span>\n          <\/button>\n          <div class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-answer\">\n            <div class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-answer-inner\">\n              Yes, but with important limitations. All three papers must be resit in the same May\/June series: you cannot resit individual papers in isolation across different sessions. Students who resit will sit all three papers again in a subsequent May\/June series. There are no January or October resit windows available for the A Level.\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-item\">\n          <button class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-question\" type=\"button\">\n            <span class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-title\">Do I Need A Data Booklet For The Edexcel A Level Chemistry Exams?<\/span>\n            <span class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-icon\">+<\/span>\n          <\/button>\n          <div class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-answer\">\n            <div class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-answer-inner\">\n              Yes. The Pearson Data Booklet is provided in the examination and contains physical constants, electrochemical series data, and other reference information. Students should familiarise themselves with its contents during their preparation so they can locate and apply data efficiently under exam conditions.\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-item\">\n          <button class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-question\" type=\"button\">\n            <span class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-title\">Can I Take The AS Level And Then Continue To The Full A Level?<\/span>\n            <span class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-icon\">+<\/span>\n          <\/button>\n          <div class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-answer\">\n            <div class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-answer-inner\">\n              The AS Level (8CH0) and A Level (9CH0) are separate qualifications: the AS does not contribute to the A Level grade. Students who complete the AS Level in Year 12 and wish to continue to the full A Level will sit the three A Level papers at the end of Year 13 in their entirety. The AS grade is reported independently and does not carry forward.\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-item\">\n          <button class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-question\" type=\"button\">\n            <span class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-title\">How Much Of The Edexcel A Level Chemistry Exam Involves Mathematics?<\/span>\n            <span class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-icon\">+<\/span>\n          <\/button>\n          <div class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-answer\">\n            <div class=\"ols-edexcel-faq-answer-inner\">\n              A minimum of 20% of marks across all three A Level Chemistry papers are awarded for mathematics at Level 2 or above. This includes rearranging equations, calculations involving moles, concentration, enthalpy, equilibrium constants, and rate equations. 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Introduction EdexcelA LevelChemistry The Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Chemistry is the standard A Level Chemistry qualification for students studying in England. 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