{"id":3113,"date":"2026-05-04T11:25:00","date_gmt":"2026-05-04T10:25:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/?page_id=3113"},"modified":"2026-06-28T05:55:14","modified_gmt":"2026-06-28T04:55:14","slug":"topic-5-alkenes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-5-alkenes\/","title":{"rendered":"Topic 5 Alkenes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"ols-t5-page\">\n\n  <aside class=\"ols-sidebar\">\r\n  <div class=\"ols-sidebar-header\">\r\n    <h3>Revision Notes<\/h3>\r\n    <p>A Level Chemistry<\/p>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\r\n    <h4>Topic 5 Alkenes<\/h4>\r\n\r\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-5-alkenes\/alkene-bonding\/\">Alkene Bonding<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-5-alkenes\/geometric-isomerism\/\">Geometric Isomerism<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-5-alkenes\/electrophilic-addition-mechanism\/\">Electrophilic Addition Mechanism<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-5-alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/\">Reactions of Alkenes<\/a>\r\n\r\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-5-alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/halogens\/\">Halogens<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-5-alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/hydrogen-halide\/\">Hydrogen Halide<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-5-alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/bromine-water\/\">Bromine Water<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-5-alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/hydrogen\/\">Hydrogen<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-5-alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/steam\/\">Steam<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-5-alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/kmno4\/\">KMnO4<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-5-alkenes\/polymerisation-reactions\/\">Polymerisation Reactions<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-5-alkenes\/polymer-waste\/\">Polymer Waste<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n    <\/ul>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\r\n    <h4>Next Topics<\/h4>\r\n\r\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-6-energetics\/\">Energetics<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n     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margin-top: 10px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-row {\n      background: #ffffff;\n      border: 1px solid rgba(70, 127, 247, 0.15);\n      border-radius: 12px;\n      overflow: hidden;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-code {\n      background: #93b5f8;\n      color: #0c2060;\n      font-size: 13px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      text-align: center;\n      height: 30px;\n      line-height: 30px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-text {\n      padding: 12px 16px;\n      font-size: 14px;\n      font-weight: 300;\n      line-height: 1.8;\n      color: #4b5563;\n    }\n\n    \/* =========================================================\n       RESPONSIVE\n    ========================================================= *\/\n\n    @media (max-width: 1024px) {\n      .ols-t5-cards-grid {\n        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\n      }\n    }\n\n    @media (max-width: 860px) {\n      .ols-t5-intro-inner {\n        grid-template-columns: 1fr;\n        gap: 40px;\n      }\n    }\n\n    @media (max-width: 640px) {\n      .ols-t5-intro {\n        padding: 24px 0 52px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-t5-topics {\n        padding: 52px 0 58px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-t5-cards-grid {\n        grid-template-columns: 1fr;\n        gap: 14px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-t5-spec-section {\n        padding: 52px 0 64px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-t5-spec-wrap {\n        padding: 24px 18px;\n        border-radius: 20px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-t5-info-grid {\n        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\n      }\n    }\n\n  <\/style>\n\n  <!-- BREADCRUMB BAR - sits above everything -->\n  <div class=\"ols-t5-breadcrumb-bar\">\n    <div class=\"ols-t5-container\">\n      <nav class=\"ols-t5-breadcrumb\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/\">Revision Notes<\/a> \/\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/\">A Level Chemistry<\/a> \/\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/\">Edexcel International<\/a> \/\n        <span>Topic 5 Alkenes<\/span>\n      <\/nav>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <!-- INTRO -->\n  <section class=\"ols-t5-intro\">\n    <div class=\"ols-t5-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-t5-intro-inner\">\n\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t5-eyebrow\">Edexcel International A Level Chemistry<\/div>\n          <h1>Topic 5<br>Alkenes<\/h1>\n          <div class=\"ols-t5-accent-bar\"><\/div>\n          <p class=\"ols-t5-intro-lead\">\n            Alkenes are the gateway to organic reaction chemistry. This topic covers the structure of the carbon-carbon double bond, geometric isomerism, electrophilic addition mechanisms, polymerisation and polymer disposal &#8211; all examined directly in Unit 1 of the Edexcel International A Level Chemistry.\n          <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"ols-t5-info-grid\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t5-info-card\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-info-card-label\">Exam Unit<\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-info-card-value\">Unit 1<\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-info-card-sub\">WCH11\/01 &#8211; IAS<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t5-info-card\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-info-card-label\">Specification Points<\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-info-card-value\">5.1 &#8211; 5.8<\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-info-card-sub\">8 points covered<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t5-info-card\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-info-card-label\">Sub-topics<\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-info-card-value\">6 lessons<\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-info-card-sub\">Revision notes available<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t5-info-card\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-info-card-label\">Exam Board<\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-info-card-value\">Edexcel IAL<\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-info-card-sub\">Pearson International<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- TOPIC CARDS -->\n  <section class=\"ols-t5-topics\">\n    <div class=\"ols-t5-container\">\n\n      <div class=\"ols-t5-section-header\">\n        <h2 class=\"ols-t5-section-title\">Revision Notes<\/h2>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"ols-t5-cards-grid\">\n\n        <!-- Card 1: Alkene Bonding -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t5-card ols-t5-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-5-alkenes\/alkene-bonding\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t5-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-visual ols-t5-visual--bonding\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-t5-visual-kicker\">Sigma + Pi<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t5-visual-main\">C=C<br>Bonding<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t5-orbital-wrap\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                  <span class=\"ols-t5-orbital\"><\/span>\n                  <span class=\"ols-t5-orbital-dot\"><\/span>\n                  <span class=\"ols-t5-orbital\"><\/span>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-card-num\">1<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-t5-card-status ols-t5-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t5-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t5-card-title\">Alkene Bonding<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t5-card-desc\">Unsaturation, C=C double bonds, sigma and pi orbital overlap, and why alkenes react with electrophiles.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t5-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 2: Geometric Isomerism -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t5-card ols-t5-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-5-alkenes\/geometric-isomerism\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t5-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-visual ols-t5-visual--isomerism\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-t5-visual-kicker\">Restricted rotation<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t5-visual-main\">E-Z<br>Isomers<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t5-isomer-bars\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                  <span class=\"ols-t5-isomer-mini\"><\/span>\n                  <span class=\"ols-t5-isomer-mini\"><\/span>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-card-num\">2<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-t5-card-status ols-t5-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t5-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t5-card-title\">Geometric Isomerism<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t5-card-desc\">Restricted rotation around C=C, cis\/trans naming, E-Z system and when it is required.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t5-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 3: Electrophilic Addition Mechanism -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t5-card ols-t5-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-5-alkenes\/electrophilic-addition-mechanism\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t5-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-visual ols-t5-visual--mechanism\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-t5-visual-kicker\">Curly arrows<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t5-visual-main\">Electrophilic<br>Addition<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t5-arrow-sweep\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-card-num\">3<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-t5-card-status ols-t5-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t5-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t5-card-title\">Electrophilic Addition Mechanism<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t5-card-desc\">Curly arrow notation, carbocation stability, and mechanism of bromine and HBr addition.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t5-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 4: Reactions of Alkenes -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t5-card ols-t5-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-5-alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t5-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-visual ols-t5-visual--reactions\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-t5-test-tube\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t5-visual-main\">Addition<br>Reactions<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t5-visual-sub\">bromine water, HX, steam and oxidation<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-card-num\">4<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-t5-card-status ols-t5-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t5-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t5-card-title\">Reactions of Alkenes<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t5-card-desc\">Hydrogenation, halogenation, addition of HX, hydration, oxidation and the bromine water test.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t5-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 5: Polymerisation Reactions -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t5-card ols-t5-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-5-alkenes\/polymerisation-reactions\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t5-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-visual ols-t5-visual--polymerisation\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-t5-visual-kicker\">Monomer to polymer<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t5-visual-main\">Repeat<br>Units<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t5-chain\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                  <span class=\"ols-t5-link\"><\/span>\n                  <span class=\"ols-t5-link\"><\/span>\n                  <span class=\"ols-t5-link\"><\/span>\n                  <span class=\"ols-t5-link\"><\/span>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-card-num\">5<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-t5-card-status ols-t5-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t5-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t5-card-title\">Polymerisation Reactions<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t5-card-desc\">Addition polymerisation, drawing repeat units, and converting between monomers and polymers.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t5-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 6: Polymer Waste -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t5-card ols-t5-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-5-alkenes\/polymer-waste\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t5-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-visual ols-t5-visual--waste\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-t5-waste-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t5-visual-main\">Polymer<br>Disposal<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t5-visual-sub\">biodegradable materials and toxic gases<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-card-num\">6<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-t5-card-status ols-t5-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t5-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t5-card-title\">Polymer Waste<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t5-card-desc\">Biodegradable polymers, polymer disposal, incineration and removing toxic waste gases.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t5-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- SPECIFICATION -->\n  <section class=\"ols-t5-spec-section\">\n    <div class=\"ols-t5-container\">\n\n      <!-- DESKTOP SPECIFICATION -->\n      <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-desktop\">\n        <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-wrap\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-pill\">Specification Coverage<\/div>\n          <h2 class=\"ols-t5-spec-heading\">Topic 5 Alkenes &#8211; Edexcel International A Level Chemistry<\/h2>\n          <p class=\"ols-t5-spec-intro-text\">The following specification points outline the knowledge and skills students are expected to demonstrate for Topic 5.<\/p>\n\n          <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-rows\">\n\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-row ols-t5-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-code ols-t5-spec-code--dark\">5.1<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-text\">know the general formula of alkenes and understand that alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons which are unsaturated (have a carbon-carbon double bond which consists of a \u03c3 bond and a \u03c0 bond)<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-row ols-t5-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-code ols-t5-spec-code--dark\">5.2<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-text\">be able to explain geometric isomerism in terms of restricted rotation around a C=C double bond and the nature of the substituents on the carbon atoms<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-row ols-t5-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-code ols-t5-spec-code--dark\">5.3<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-text\">understand the E-Z naming system for geometric isomers and why it is necessary to use this when the cis- and trans- naming system breaks down<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-row ols-t5-spec-row--mid\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-code ols-t5-spec-code--mid\">5.4<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-text\">\n                <div style=\"margin:0 0 12px;\">be able to describe the reactions of alkenes, limited to:<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-sub-list\">\n                  <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-sub-row\">\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-sub-code\">i<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-sub-text\">the addition of hydrogen, using a nickel catalyst, to form an alkane<\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-sub-row\">\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-sub-code\">ii<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-sub-text\">the addition of halogens to produce a di-substituted halogenoalkane<\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-sub-row\">\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-sub-code\">iii<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-sub-text\">the addition of hydrogen halides to produce mono-substituted halogenoalkanes<\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-sub-row\">\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-sub-code\">iv<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-sub-text\">the addition of steam, in the presence of an acid catalyst, to produce alcohols<\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-sub-row\">\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-sub-code\">v<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-sub-text\">oxidation of the double bond by acidified potassium manganate(VII) to produce a diol<\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-row ols-t5-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-code ols-t5-spec-code--dark\">5.5<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-text\">know the qualitative test for a C=C double bond using bromine or bromine water<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-row ols-t5-spec-row--mid\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-code ols-t5-spec-code--mid\">5.6<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-text\">\n                <div style=\"margin:0 0 12px;\">be able to describe the mechanism (including diagrams), giving evidence where possible, of:<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-sub-list\">\n                  <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-sub-row\">\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-sub-code\">i<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-sub-text\">the electrophilic addition of bromine and hydrogen bromide to ethene<\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-sub-row\">\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-sub-code\">ii<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-sub-text\">the electrophilic addition of hydrogen bromide to propene<\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-note\">Use of the curly arrow notation is expected. The curly arrows should start from either a bond or from a lone pair of electrons. Knowledge of primary, secondary and tertiary carbocation stability is expected.<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-row ols-t5-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-code ols-t5-spec-code--dark\">5.7<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-text\">be able to describe the addition polymerisation of alkenes and draw the repeat unit given the monomer, and vice versa<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-row ols-t5-spec-row--mid\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-code ols-t5-spec-code--mid\">5.8<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-text\">\n                <div style=\"margin:0 0 12px;\">understand how chemists limit the problems caused by polymer disposal by:<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-sub-list\">\n                  <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-sub-row\">\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-sub-code\">i<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-sub-text\">developing biodegradable polymers<\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-sub-row\">\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-sub-code\">ii<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-sub-text\">removing toxic waste gases produced by the incineration of polymers<\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <!-- MOBILE SPECIFICATION -->\n      <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mobile\">\n        <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-wrap\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-pill\">Specification Coverage<\/div>\n          <h2 class=\"ols-t5-spec-heading\">Topic 5 Alkenes &#8211; Edexcel International A Level Chemistry<\/h2>\n          <p class=\"ols-t5-spec-intro-text\">The following specification points outline the knowledge and skills students are expected to demonstrate for Topic 5.<\/p>\n\n          <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-rows\">\n\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-row ols-t5-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-code\">5.1<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-text\">know the general formula of alkenes and understand that alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons which are unsaturated (have a carbon-carbon double bond which consists of a \u03c3 bond and a \u03c0 bond)<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-row ols-t5-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-code\">5.2<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-text\">be able to explain geometric isomerism in terms of restricted rotation around a C=C double bond and the nature of the substituents on the carbon atoms<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-row ols-t5-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-code\">5.3<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-text\">understand the E-Z naming system for geometric isomers and why it is necessary to use this when the cis- and trans- naming system breaks down<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-row ols-t5-spec-mob-row--mid\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-code ols-t5-spec-mob-code--mid\">5.4<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-text\">\n                <div style=\"margin:0 0 10px;\">be able to describe the reactions of alkenes, limited to:<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-list\">\n                  <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-row\">\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-code\">i<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-text\">the addition of hydrogen, using a nickel catalyst, to form an alkane<\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-row\">\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-code\">ii<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-text\">the addition of halogens to produce a di-substituted halogenoalkane<\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-row\">\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-code\">iii<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-text\">the addition of hydrogen halides to produce mono-substituted halogenoalkanes<\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-row\">\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-code\">iv<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-text\">the addition of steam, in the presence of an acid catalyst, to produce alcohols<\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-row\">\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-code\">v<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-text\">oxidation of the double bond by acidified potassium manganate(VII) to produce a diol<\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-row ols-t5-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-code\">5.5<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-text\">know the qualitative test for a C=C double bond using bromine or bromine water<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-row ols-t5-spec-mob-row--mid\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-code ols-t5-spec-mob-code--mid\">5.6<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-text\">\n                <div style=\"margin:0 0 10px;\">be able to describe the mechanism (including diagrams), giving evidence where possible, of:<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-list\">\n                  <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-row\">\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-code\">i<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-text\">the electrophilic addition of bromine and hydrogen bromide to ethene<\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-row\">\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-code\">ii<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-text\">the electrophilic addition of hydrogen bromide to propene<\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-note\" style=\"margin-top:10px;\">Use of the curly arrow notation is expected. Knowledge of primary, secondary and tertiary carbocation stability is expected.<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-row ols-t5-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-code\">5.7<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-text\">be able to describe the addition polymerisation of alkenes and draw the repeat unit given the monomer, and vice versa<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-row ols-t5-spec-mob-row--mid\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-code ols-t5-spec-mob-code--mid\">5.8<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-text\">\n                <div style=\"margin:0 0 10px;\">understand how chemists limit the problems caused by polymer disposal by:<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-list\">\n                  <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-row\">\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-code\">i<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-text\">developing biodegradable polymers<\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-row\">\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-code\">ii<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"ols-t5-spec-mob-sub-text\">removing toxic waste gases produced by the incineration of polymers<\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@graph\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Organization\",\n      \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/#organization\",\n      \"name\": \"Online Learning System\",\n      \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/\",\n      \"logo\": {\n        \"@type\": 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This topic covers the structure of the carbon-carbon double bond, geometric isomerism, electrophilic addition mechanisms, polymerisation and polymer disposal &#8211; all examined directly in Unit 1 of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":1786,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3113","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3113","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3113"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3113\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1786"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3113"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}