{"id":4352,"date":"2026-05-26T07:23:05","date_gmt":"2026-05-26T06:23:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/?page_id=4352"},"modified":"2026-05-26T09:00:12","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T08:00:12","slug":"reactions","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/reactions\/","title":{"rendered":"Reactions of Alkanes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"ols-revision-page ols-reactions-of-alkanes-landing-page\">\n  <style>\n    .ols-revision-page {\n      --navy: #1C244B;\n      --blue: #2563eb;\n      --soft-blue: #eef4ff;\n      --soft-red: #fff7f7;\n      --soft-purple: #f7f0ff;\n      --soft-green: #f0f7f1;\n      --soft-orange: #fff7ed;\n      --gold: #c9973a;\n      --grey-text: #667085;\n      --body-text: #1f2937;\n      --border: rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.14);\n      --shadow: 0 18px 45px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.10);\n      --inner-shadow: 0 10px 26px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.08);\n      font-family: Poppins, Arial, sans-serif;\n      color: var(--navy);\n      background: #ffffff;\n    }\n\n    .ols-revision-page * { box-sizing: border-box; }\n\n    .ols-revision-layout {\n      display: block;\n      max-width: 1450px;\n      margin: 0 auto;\n      padding: 24px 20px 60px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-breadcrumbs {\n      display: flex;\n      flex-wrap: wrap;\n      gap: 8px;\n      margin: 10px 0 22px;\n      font-size: 15px;\n      color: var(--grey-text);\n    }\n\n    .ols-breadcrumbs a,\n    .ols-breadcrumbs span {\n      color: var(--grey-text);\n      text-decoration: none;\n      font-weight: 600;\n    }\n\n    .ols-breadcrumbs a:hover {\n      color: var(--blue);\n      text-decoration: underline;\n      text-underline-offset: 3px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-title-card,\n    .ols-note-card,\n    .ols-related-card,\n    .ols-attribution-card {\n      background: #ffffff;\n      border: 1px solid var(--border);\n      border-radius: 28px;\n      box-shadow: var(--shadow);\n      padding: 34px;\n      margin-bottom: 24px;\n      overflow: hidden;\n    }\n\n    .ols-title-card {\n      background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, #f8fbff 100%);\n    }\n\n    .ols-title-card h1 {\n      margin: 0 0 18px;\n      font-size: clamp(36px, 5vw, 58px);\n      line-height: 1.08;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      letter-spacing: -0.04em;\n      color: #111827;\n    }\n\n    .ols-page-intro {\n      font-size: 19px;\n      line-height: 1.7;\n      font-weight: 300;\n      color: var(--body-text);\n      margin: 0 0 22px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-badges {\n      display: flex;\n      flex-wrap: wrap;\n      gap: 12px;\n      margin-bottom: 22px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-badge {\n      display: inline-flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      padding: 9px 14px;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      background: #ffffff;\n      border: 1px solid var(--border);\n      font-size: 15px;\n      font-weight: 600;\n      color: var(--navy);\n    }\n\n    .ols-author {\n      display: flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      gap: 20px;\n      padding: 28px;\n      border-radius: 28px;\n      background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, #f8fbff 100%);\n      border: 1px solid rgba(28,36,75,0.12);\n      box-shadow: 0 18px 45px rgba(28,36,75,0.10);\n      margin-top: 22px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-author-avatar-img {\n      width: 92px;\n      height: 92px;\n      border-radius: 50%;\n      object-fit: cover;\n      object-position: center;\n      flex-shrink: 0;\n      border: 4px solid #ffffff;\n      box-shadow: 0 14px 32px rgba(28,36,75,0.18), 0 0 0 1px rgba(28,36,75,0.10);\n      transition: transform 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;\n    }\n\n    .ols-author:hover .ols-author-avatar-img {\n      transform: scale(1.04);\n      box-shadow: 0 20px 42px rgba(28,36,75,0.22), 0 0 0 1px rgba(28,36,75,0.10);\n    }\n\n    .ols-author-content { min-width: 0; }\n\n    .ols-author-title {\n      margin: 0 0 4px;\n      font-size: clamp(24px,3vw,34px);\n      line-height: 1.15;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      color: var(--navy);\n      letter-spacing: -0.03em;\n    }\n\n    .ols-author-description {\n      margin: 0;\n      font-size: 17px;\n      line-height: 1.7;\n      font-weight: 300;\n      color: var(--grey-text);\n    }\n\n    .ols-linkedin-pill {\n      display: inline-flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      justify-content: center;\n      gap: 10px;\n      margin-top: 16px;\n      padding: 11px 18px;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      background: linear-gradient(135deg,#0A66C2,#004182);\n      color: #ffffff;\n      text-decoration: none;\n      font-size: 14px;\n      line-height: 1;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      letter-spacing: 0.01em;\n      box-shadow: 0 10px 22px rgba(10,102,194,0.24);\n      position: relative;\n      overflow: hidden;\n      transition: transform 0.22s ease, box-shadow 0.22s ease;\n    }\n\n    .ols-linkedin-pill::before {\n      content: \"\";\n      position: absolute;\n      top: 0;\n      left: -120%;\n      width: 100%;\n      height: 100%;\n      background: linear-gradient(120deg, rgba(255,255,255,0) 0%, rgba(255,255,255,0.28) 50%, rgba(255,255,255,0) 100%);\n      transition: left 0.7s ease;\n    }\n\n    .ols-linkedin-pill:hover {\n      transform: translateY(-3px) scale(1.03);\n      box-shadow: 0 16px 34px rgba(10,102,194,0.34), 0 0 0 6px rgba(10,102,194,0.10);\n      color: #ffffff;\n    }\n\n    .ols-linkedin-pill:hover::before { left: 120%; }\n\n    .ols-linkedin-icon {\n      width: 18px;\n      height: 18px;\n      display: block;\n      flex-shrink: 0;\n    }\n\n    .ols-note-card.soft { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, var(--soft-red) 100%); }\n    .ols-note-card.purple { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, var(--soft-purple) 100%); }\n\n    .ols-note-title {\n      display: flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      gap: 14px;\n      margin-bottom: 20px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-note-icon {\n      width: 52px;\n      height: 52px;\n      border-radius: 16px;\n      background: var(--navy);\n      color: #ffffff;\n      display: grid;\n      place-items: center;\n      font-size: 24px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      flex-shrink: 0;\n    }\n\n    .ols-note-title h2,\n    .ols-related-card h2 {\n      margin: 0;\n      font-size: clamp(28px, 3.5vw, 42px);\n      line-height: 1.15;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      color: #111827;\n      letter-spacing: -0.03em;\n    }\n\n    .ols-related-card h2 { margin-bottom: 14px; }\n\n    .ols-note-card p,\n    .ols-note-card li,\n    .ols-related-card p,\n    .ols-attribution-card p {\n      font-size: clamp(15px, 1.3vw, 18px);\n      line-height: 1.65;\n      font-weight: 300;\n      color: var(--body-text);\n    }\n\n    .ols-note-card strong,\n    .ols-related-card strong,\n    .ols-attribution-card strong {\n      font-weight: 700;\n      color: var(--navy);\n    }\n\n    .ols-key-box {\n      margin-top: 20px;\n      background: var(--soft-green);\n      border: 1px solid rgba(63, 143, 70, 0.25);\n      border-radius: 20px;\n      padding: 18px 20px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-key-box p {\n      margin: 0;\n      font-weight: 400;\n      color: var(--navy);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-grid {\n      display: grid;\n      grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\n      gap: 18px;\n      margin-top: 26px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-card {\n      position: relative;\n      display: grid;\n      grid-template-rows: auto 1fr auto;\n      min-height: 285px;\n      padding: 24px;\n      border-radius: 24px;\n      border: 1px solid rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.13);\n      background:\n        radial-gradient(circle at top right, rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.13), transparent 34%),\n        linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, #f8fbff 100%);\n      color: var(--navy);\n      text-decoration: none;\n      overflow: hidden;\n      box-shadow: var(--inner-shadow);\n      transition: transform 0.24s ease, box-shadow 0.24s ease, border-color 0.24s ease, background 0.24s ease;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-card:hover {\n      transform: translateY(-6px);\n      border-color: rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.28);\n      box-shadow: 0 24px 52px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.15);\n      color: var(--navy);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-card::before {\n      content: \"\";\n      position: absolute;\n      top: -60px;\n      right: -60px;\n      width: 145px;\n      height: 145px;\n      border-radius: 50%;\n      background: rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.08);\n      transition: transform 0.28s ease, background 0.28s ease;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-card:hover::before {\n      transform: scale(1.22);\n      background: rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.13);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-visual {\n      position: relative;\n      z-index: 1;\n      min-height: 94px;\n      display: flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      justify-content: center;\n      margin-bottom: 18px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-icon {\n      position: relative;\n      width: 150px;\n      height: 94px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-line,\n    .ols-ert-arrow,\n    .ols-ert-label-mini,\n    .ols-ert-box,\n    .ols-ert-dot,\n    .ols-ert-bubble,\n    .ols-ert-precipitate,\n    .ols-ert-swap,\n    .ols-ert-bond,\n    .ols-ert-molecule,\n    .ols-ert-reagent,\n    .ols-ert-droplet,\n    .ols-ert-ring,\n    .ols-ert-cloud,\n    .ols-ert-chain,\n    .ols-ert-functional,\n    .ols-ert-branch,\n    .ols-ert-oatom,\n    .ols-ert-halo,\n    .ols-ert-carbonyl,\n    .ols-ert-esterbridge {\n      position: absolute;\n      display: block;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-iupac .ols-ert-chain {\n      left: 18px;\n      top: 43px;\n      width: 92px;\n      height: 4px;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      background: var(--navy);\n      box-shadow: 0 10px 22px rgba(28,36,75,0.12);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-iupac .ols-ert-chain::before,\n    .ols-ert-iupac .ols-ert-chain::after {\n      content: \"\";\n      position: absolute;\n      top: -10px;\n      width: 22px;\n      height: 22px;\n      border-radius: 50%;\n      background: var(--blue);\n      box-shadow: 34px 0 0 var(--blue), 68px 0 0 var(--blue);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-iupac .ols-ert-chain::before { left: -8px; }\n    .ols-ert-iupac .ols-ert-chain::after { display: none; }\n\n    .ols-ert-iupac .ols-ert-label-mini {\n      right: 12px;\n      top: 29px;\n      width: 42px;\n      height: 42px;\n      border-radius: 14px;\n      display: grid;\n      place-items: center;\n      color: #ffffff;\n      font-size: 14px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      background: var(--gold);\n      box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(28,36,75,0.16);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-alkene .ols-ert-bond {\n      left: 42px;\n      top: 44px;\n      width: 58px;\n      height: 4px;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      background: var(--navy);\n      box-shadow: 0 -8px 0 var(--navy);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-alkene .ols-ert-bond::before,\n    .ols-ert-alkene .ols-ert-bond::after {\n      content: \"\";\n      position: absolute;\n      top: -10px;\n      width: 20px;\n      height: 20px;\n      border-radius: 50%;\n      background: var(--blue);\n      box-shadow: 0 10px 22px rgba(37,99,235,0.20);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-alkene .ols-ert-bond::before { left: -18px; }\n    .ols-ert-alkene .ols-ert-bond::after { right: -18px; }\n\n    .ols-ert-alkene .ols-ert-label-mini {\n      left: 53px;\n      bottom: 8px;\n      color: var(--blue);\n      font-size: 13px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-alcohol .ols-ert-chain,\n    .ols-ert-halogenoalkane .ols-ert-chain,\n    .ols-ert-carbonyl-card .ols-ert-chain,\n    .ols-ert-carboxylic .ols-ert-chain,\n    .ols-ert-ester .ols-ert-chain {\n      left: 24px;\n      top: 46px;\n      width: 58px;\n      height: 4px;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      background: var(--navy);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-alcohol .ols-ert-chain::before,\n    .ols-ert-halogenoalkane .ols-ert-chain::before,\n    .ols-ert-carbonyl-card .ols-ert-chain::before,\n    .ols-ert-carboxylic .ols-ert-chain::before,\n    .ols-ert-ester .ols-ert-chain::before {\n      content: \"\";\n      position: absolute;\n      left: -12px;\n      top: -9px;\n      width: 20px;\n      height: 20px;\n      border-radius: 50%;\n      background: var(--blue);\n      box-shadow: 36px 0 0 var(--blue);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-alcohol .ols-ert-oatom {\n      right: 24px;\n      top: 28px;\n      width: 48px;\n      height: 40px;\n      border-radius: 15px;\n      display: grid;\n      place-items: center;\n      color: #ffffff;\n      font-size: 14px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      background: var(--gold);\n      box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(201,151,58,0.18);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-halogenoalkane .ols-ert-halo {\n      right: 30px;\n      top: 29px;\n      width: 42px;\n      height: 42px;\n      border-radius: 50%;\n      display: grid;\n      place-items: center;\n      color: #ffffff;\n      font-size: 15px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      background: #7a3e9d;\n      box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(122,62,157,0.20);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-carbonyl-card .ols-ert-carbonyl,\n    .ols-ert-carboxylic .ols-ert-carbonyl,\n    .ols-ert-ester .ols-ert-carbonyl {\n      right: 35px;\n      top: 28px;\n      width: 38px;\n      height: 38px;\n      border-radius: 13px;\n      display: grid;\n      place-items: center;\n      color: #ffffff;\n      font-size: 13px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      background: #c81e1e;\n      box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(200,30,30,0.18);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-carbonyl-card .ols-ert-carbonyl::before,\n    .ols-ert-carboxylic .ols-ert-carbonyl::before,\n    .ols-ert-ester .ols-ert-carbonyl::before {\n      content: \"\";\n      position: absolute;\n      left: 50%;\n      top: -18px;\n      transform: translateX(-50%);\n      width: 4px;\n      height: 18px;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      background: var(--navy);\n      box-shadow: 7px 0 0 var(--navy);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-carbonyl-card .ols-ert-label-mini,\n    .ols-ert-carboxylic .ols-ert-label-mini,\n    .ols-ert-ester .ols-ert-label-mini {\n      left: 46px;\n      bottom: 8px;\n      color: #c81e1e;\n      font-size: 13px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-carboxylic .ols-ert-oatom {\n      right: 10px;\n      top: 53px;\n      width: 42px;\n      height: 32px;\n      border-radius: 14px;\n      display: grid;\n      place-items: center;\n      color: #ffffff;\n      font-size: 12px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      background: var(--gold);\n      box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(201,151,58,0.18);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-ester .ols-ert-esterbridge {\n      right: 7px;\n      top: 52px;\n      min-width: 54px;\n      height: 32px;\n      padding: 0 8px;\n      border-radius: 14px;\n      display: grid;\n      place-items: center;\n      color: #ffffff;\n      font-size: 12px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      background: var(--gold);\n      box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(201,151,58,0.18);\n    }\n\n\n    .ols-ert-tower,\n    .ols-ert-tray,\n    .ols-ert-flame,\n    .ols-ert-crack-line,\n    .ols-ert-product-dot,\n    .ols-ert-ringhex,\n    .ols-ert-spark {\n      position: absolute;\n      display: block;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-fractional .ols-ert-tower {\n      left: 51px;\n      top: 10px;\n      width: 46px;\n      height: 72px;\n      border-radius: 18px 18px 12px 12px;\n      background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(238,244,255,0.98), rgba(255,255,255,0.95));\n      border: 4px solid rgba(37,99,235,0.30);\n      box-shadow: 0 12px 26px rgba(37,99,235,0.12);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-fractional .ols-ert-tray {\n      left: 43px;\n      width: 62px;\n      height: 4px;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      background: var(--navy);\n      opacity: 0.88;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-fractional .tray-1 { top: 27px; }\n    .ols-ert-fractional .tray-2 { top: 43px; }\n    .ols-ert-fractional .tray-3 { top: 59px; }\n\n    .ols-ert-fractional .ols-ert-label-mini {\n      left: 37px;\n      bottom: 7px;\n      color: var(--blue);\n      font-size: 13px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-cracking .ols-ert-chain {\n      left: 28px;\n      top: 43px;\n      width: 86px;\n      height: 5px;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      background: var(--navy);\n      box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(28,36,75,0.12);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-cracking .ols-ert-chain::before,\n    .ols-ert-cracking .ols-ert-chain::after {\n      content: \"\";\n      position: absolute;\n      top: -10px;\n      width: 24px;\n      height: 24px;\n      border-radius: 50%;\n      background: var(--blue);\n      box-shadow: 31px 0 0 var(--blue), 62px 0 0 var(--blue);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-cracking .ols-ert-chain::before { left: -10px; }\n    .ols-ert-cracking .ols-ert-chain::after {\n      left: 94px;\n      background: var(--gold);\n      box-shadow: none;\n      width: 22px;\n      height: 22px;\n      top: -9px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-cracking .ols-ert-crack-line {\n      left: 76px;\n      top: 21px;\n      width: 20px;\n      height: 51px;\n      transform: rotate(24deg);\n      border-left: 4px solid #c81e1e;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-cracking .ols-ert-crack-line::before,\n    .ols-ert-cracking .ols-ert-crack-line::after {\n      content: \"\";\n      position: absolute;\n      left: -11px;\n      width: 18px;\n      height: 4px;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      background: #c81e1e;\n      transform: rotate(-45deg);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-cracking .ols-ert-crack-line::before { top: 17px; }\n    .ols-ert-cracking .ols-ert-crack-line::after { top: 31px; }\n\n    .ols-ert-cracking .ols-ert-label-mini {\n      left: 48px;\n      bottom: 7px;\n      color: #c81e1e;\n      font-size: 13px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-reforming .ols-ert-ringhex {\n      left: 42px;\n      top: 17px;\n      width: 66px;\n      height: 58px;\n      background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255,247,237,0.96), rgba(255,255,255,0.94));\n      border: 4px solid rgba(201,151,58,0.62);\n      clip-path: polygon(25% 0%, 75% 0%, 100% 50%, 75% 100%, 25% 100%, 0% 50%);\n      box-shadow: 0 12px 26px rgba(201,151,58,0.14);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-reforming .ols-ert-spark {\n      right: 19px;\n      top: 22px;\n      width: 34px;\n      height: 34px;\n      border-radius: 50%;\n      background: var(--blue);\n      box-shadow: 0 9px 20px rgba(37,99,235,0.18);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-reforming .ols-ert-spark::before,\n    .ols-ert-reforming .ols-ert-spark::after {\n      content: \"\";\n      position: absolute;\n      left: 50%;\n      top: 50%;\n      width: 42px;\n      height: 4px;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      background: rgba(201,151,58,0.88);\n      transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(45deg);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-reforming .ols-ert-spark::after {\n      transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(-45deg);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-reforming .ols-ert-label-mini {\n      left: 44px;\n      bottom: 7px;\n      color: var(--gold);\n      font-size: 13px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n    }\n\n\n\n\n    .ols-ert-fuel .ols-ert-flame,\n    .ols-ert-sulfur .ols-ert-gas,\n    .ols-ert-sulfur .ols-ert-symbol,\n    .ols-ert-nitrogen .ols-ert-gas,\n    .ols-ert-nitrogen .ols-ert-symbol,\n    .ols-ert-catalyst .ols-ert-converter,\n    .ols-ert-catalyst .ols-ert-cell,\n    .ols-ert-catalyst .ols-ert-arrow-mini {\n      position: absolute;\n      display: block;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-fuel .ols-ert-flame {\n      left: 52px;\n      top: 10px;\n      width: 48px;\n      height: 68px;\n      border-radius: 50% 50% 46% 46%;\n      background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(201,151,58,0.96), rgba(200,30,30,0.78));\n      transform: rotate(45deg);\n      box-shadow: 0 14px 28px rgba(200,30,30,0.16);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-fuel .ols-ert-flame::before {\n      content: \"\";\n      position: absolute;\n      left: 14px;\n      top: 17px;\n      width: 22px;\n      height: 32px;\n      border-radius: 50% 50% 45% 45%;\n      background: rgba(255,247,237,0.85);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-fuel .ols-ert-label-mini {\n      left: 43px;\n      bottom: 7px;\n      color: #c81e1e;\n   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<aside class=\"ols-sidebar\">\r\n  <div class=\"ols-sidebar-header\">\r\n    <h3>Revision Notes<\/h3>\r\n    <p>A Level Chemistry<\/p>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\r\n    <h4>Topic 4 Organic Chemistry &amp; Alkanes<\/h4>\r\n\r\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/hazard-and-risk\/\">Hazard &amp; Risk<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/organic-chemistry\/\">Introduction To Organic Chemistry<\/a>\r\n\r\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/organic-chemistry\/iupac-rules\/\">IUPAC Rules<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/organic-chemistry\/alkene\/\">Alkene<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/organic-chemistry\/alcohol\/\">Alcohol<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/organic-chemistry\/halogenoalkanes\/\">Halogenoalkanes<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/organic-chemistry\/aldehyde\/\">Aldehyde<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/organic-chemistry\/ketone\/\">Ketone<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/organic-chemistry\/carboxylic-acid\/\">Carboxylic Acid<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/organic-chemistry\/ester\/\">Ester<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/isomerism\/\">Isomerism<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/crude-oil\/\">Alkanes from Crude Oil<\/a>\r\n\r\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/crude-oil\/fractional-distillation\/\">Fractional Distillation<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/crude-oil\/cracking\/\">Cracking<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/crude-oil\/reforming\/\">Reforming<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/fuel\/\">Alkanes as Fuel<\/a>\r\n\r\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/fuel\/combustion\/\">Combustion<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/fuel\/oxides-of-sulfur\/\">Oxides of Sulfur<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/fuel\/oxides-of-nitrogen\/\">Oxides of Nitrogen<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/fuel\/catalytic-converter\/\">Catalytic Converter<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/alternative-fuel\/\">Alternative Fuel<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/reactions\/\">Reactions of Alkanes<\/a>\r\n\r\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/reactions\/free-radical-substitution\/\">Free Radical Substitution<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/reactions\/initiation\/\">Initiation<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/reactions\/propagation\/\">Propagation<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/reactions\/termination\/\">Termination<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/reactions\/further-substitution\/\">Further Substitution<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n    <\/ul>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\r\n    <h4>Next Topics<\/h4>\r\n\r\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-5-alkenes\/\">Alkenes<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-6-energetics\/\">Energetics<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-7-intermolecular-forces\/\">Intermolecular Forces<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n    <\/ul>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/aside>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function() {\r\n  function normalisePath(path) {\r\n    return String(path || '')\r\n      .split('?')[0]\r\n      .split('#')[0]\r\n      .replace(\/\\\/+$\/, '')\r\n      .toLowerCase();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function highlightActive() {\r\n    var sidebar = document.querySelector('.ols-sidebar');\r\n    if (!sidebar) return false;\r\n\r\n    var currentPath = 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href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/\">Edexcel International<\/a> \/\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/\">Topic 4 Organic Chemistry &amp; Alkanes<\/a> \/\n      <span>Reactions of Alkanes<\/span>\n    <\/nav>\n\n    <header class=\"ols-title-card\">\n      <h1>Reactions of Alkanes<\/h1>\n      <p class=\"ols-page-intro\">Use this landing page to move quickly between the main alkane reaction revision pages for Topic 4. Each card links to a focused page covering free radical substitution and the individual mechanism stages students need to understand.<\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"ols-badges\">\n        <div class=\"ols-badge\">Exam board: Edexcel International<\/div>\n        <div class=\"ols-badge\">Topic 4: Organic Chemistry &amp; Alkanes<\/div>\n        <div class=\"ols-badge\">Level: A Level Chemistry<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"ols-author\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ols-author-avatar-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Author-Profile.jpeg\" alt=\"Dr. Mohammed Al-Fatah\">\n\n        <div class=\"ols-author-content\">\n          <h2 class=\"ols-author-title\">Written by:<br><span>Dr. Mohammed Al-Fatah<\/span><\/h2>\n          <p class=\"ols-author-description\">Chemistry specialist revision notes for A Level Chemistry.<\/p>\n\n          <a class=\"ols-linkedin-pill\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/doctormohammedfatah\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\n            <svg class=\"ols-linkedin-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n              <path d=\"M4.98 3.5C4.98 4.88 3.86 6 2.48 6S0 4.88 0 3.5 1.12 1 2.48 1s2.5 1.12 2.5 2.5zM.5 8h4V24h-4V8zm7 0h3.8v2.2h.1c.5-.9 1.8-2.2 3.9-2.2 4.2 0 5 2.8 5 6.4V24h-4v-7.6c0-1.8 0-4.2-2.6-4.2s-3 2-3 4v7.8h-4V8z\"><\/path>\n            <\/svg>\n            View LinkedIn Profile\n          <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/header>\n\n    <article class=\"ols-note-card soft\">\n      <div class=\"ols-note-title\">\n        <div class=\"ols-note-icon\">1<\/div>\n        <h2>Choose a Reactions of Alkanes Page<\/h2>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <p>Alkanes are relatively unreactive because they contain strong non-polar C\u2013C and C\u2013H bonds. Their key reaction in Topic 4 is free radical substitution, where ultraviolet light generates radicals that replace hydrogen atoms with halogen atoms.<\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"ols-key-box\">\n        <p><strong>Key idea:<\/strong> Free radical substitution is a chain reaction. Initiation produces radicals, propagation forms products while regenerating radicals, and termination removes radicals by combining them.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"ols-ert-grid\">\n        <a class=\"ols-ert-card\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/reactions\/free-radical-substitution\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-ert-visual\">\n            <div class=\"ols-ert-icon ols-ert-halogenoalkane\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n              <span class=\"ols-ert-chain\"><\/span>\n              <span class=\"ols-ert-halo\">X<\/span>\n              <span class=\"ols-ert-label-mini\">substitution<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <h3>Free Radical Substitution<\/h3>\n          <p>Revise the overall reaction between alkanes and halogens, including substitution, UV light and halogenoalkane formation.<\/p>\n          <span class=\"ols-ert-meta\">Open revision page<\/span>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <a class=\"ols-ert-card\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/reactions\/initiation\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-ert-visual\">\n            <div class=\"ols-ert-icon ols-ert-iupac\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n              <span class=\"ols-ert-chain\"><\/span>\n              <span class=\"ols-ert-label-mini\">UV<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <h3>Initiation<\/h3>\n          <p>Learn how ultraviolet light breaks the halogen-halogen bond by homolytic fission to produce reactive halogen radicals.<\/p>\n          <span class=\"ols-ert-meta\">Open revision page<\/span>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <a class=\"ols-ert-card\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/reactions\/propagation\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-ert-visual\">\n            <div class=\"ols-ert-icon ols-ert-alkene\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n              <span class=\"ols-ert-bond\"><\/span>\n              <span class=\"ols-ert-label-mini\">chain step<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <h3>Propagation<\/h3>\n          <p>Review the two propagation steps where radicals react with alkane molecules and regenerate new radicals to continue the chain.<\/p>\n          <span class=\"ols-ert-meta\">Open revision page<\/span>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <a class=\"ols-ert-card\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/reactions\/termination\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-ert-visual\">\n            <div class=\"ols-ert-icon ols-ert-kmno4\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n              <span class=\"ols-ert-ring\"><\/span>\n              <span class=\"ols-ert-dot\"><\/span>\n              <span class=\"ols-ert-label-mini\">radicals end<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <h3>Termination<\/h3>\n          <p>Revise how two radicals combine to form a stable molecule, removing radicals and stopping the chain reaction.<\/p>\n          <span class=\"ols-ert-meta\">Open revision page<\/span>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <a class=\"ols-ert-card\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/reactions\/further-substitution\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-ert-visual\">\n            <div class=\"ols-ert-icon ols-ert-halogenoalkane\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n              <span class=\"ols-ert-chain\"><\/span>\n              <span class=\"ols-ert-halo\">X\u2082<\/span>\n              <span class=\"ols-ert-label-mini\">excess halogen<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <h3>Further Substitution<\/h3>\n          <p>Learn why more than one hydrogen atom can be replaced, leading to mixtures of halogenated organic products.<\/p>\n          <span class=\"ols-ert-meta\">Open revision page<\/span>\n        <\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/article>\n\n    <article class=\"ols-note-card purple\">\n      <div class=\"ols-note-title\">\n        <div class=\"ols-note-icon\">\u2713<\/div>\n        <h2>How to Use These Pages<\/h2>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <p>Start with the overview page on free radical substitution to understand the reaction type. Then work through initiation, propagation and termination in order. Finish with further substitution so you can explain why alkane halogenation can produce a mixture of products.<\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"ols-key-box\">\n        <p><strong>Exam focus:<\/strong> Learn the role of UV light, use curly arrows correctly for homolytic fission, include radical dots, and distinguish clearly between initiation, propagation and termination equations.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/article>\n\n    <section class=\"ols-related-card\">\n      <h2>Related Topic 4 Pages<\/h2>\n      <p>Use these pages to connect alkane reactions with crude oil, fuel chemistry, organic naming and the transition into alkene chemistry.<\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"ols-related-grid\">\n        <a class=\"ols-related-item\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/organic-chemistry\/halogenoalkanes\/\">Halogenoalkanes<\/a>\n        <a class=\"ols-related-item\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/crude-oil\/\">Alkanes from Crude Oil<\/a>\n        <a class=\"ols-related-item\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/fuel\/\">Alkanes as Fuel<\/a>\n        <a class=\"ols-related-item\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/organic-chemistry\/iupac-rules\/\">IUPAC Rules<\/a>\n        <a class=\"ols-related-item\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/isomerism\/\">Isomerism<\/a>\n        <a class=\"ols-related-item\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-5-alkenes\/\">Next Topic: Alkenes<\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <section class=\"ols-attribution-card\">\n      <p><strong>Copyright notice:<\/strong> This revision page, including its written explanations, layout and teaching sequence, is produced for Online Learning System by Dr. Mohammed Al-Fatah. It is intended for student revision and may not be copied, redistributed or republished without permission.<\/p>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n    {\n      \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n      \"@graph\": [\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"WebPage\",\n          \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/reactions\/#webpage\",\n          \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/reactions\/\",\n          \"name\": \"Reactions of Alkanes Revision Notes\",\n          \"description\": \"A Level Chemistry landing page for reactions of alkanes, including free radical substitution, initiation, propagation, termination and further substitution.\",\n          \"inLanguage\": \"en-GB\",\n          \"isPartOf\": {\n            \"@type\": \"WebSite\",\n            \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/#website\",\n            \"name\": \"Online Learning System\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/\"\n          },\n          \"about\": [\n            {\n              \"@type\": \"Thing\",\n              \"name\": \"Reactions of alkanes\"\n            },\n            {\n              \"@type\": \"Thing\",\n              \"name\": \"Free radical substitution\"\n            },\n            {\n              \"@type\": \"Thing\",\n              \"name\": \"Initiation\"\n            },\n            {\n              \"@type\": \"Thing\",\n              \"name\": \"Propagation\"\n            },\n            {\n              \"@type\": \"Thing\",\n              \"name\": \"Termination\"\n            },\n            {\n              \"@type\": \"Thing\",\n              \"name\": \"Further substitution\"\n            }\n          ],\n          \"author\": {\n            \"@type\": \"Person\",\n            \"name\": \"Dr. Mohammed Al-Fatah\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/doctormohammedfatah\/\"\n          },\n          \"publisher\": {\n            \"@type\": \"Organization\",\n            \"name\": \"Online Learning System\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/\"\n          }\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"BreadcrumbList\",\n          \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/reactions\/#breadcrumb\",\n          \"itemListElement\": [\n            {\n              \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n              \"position\": 1,\n              \"name\": \"Revision Notes\",\n              \"item\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/\"\n            },\n            {\n              \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n              \"position\": 2,\n              \"name\": \"A Level Chemistry\",\n              \"item\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/\"\n            },\n            {\n              \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n              \"position\": 3,\n              \"name\": \"Edexcel International\",\n              \"item\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/\"\n            },\n            {\n              \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n              \"position\": 4,\n              \"name\": \"Topic 4 Organic Chemistry & Alkanes\",\n              \"item\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/\"\n            },\n            {\n              \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n              \"position\": 5,\n              \"name\": \"Reactions of Alkanes\",\n              \"item\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel-international\/topic-4-organic-chemistry-and-alkanes\/reactions\/\"\n            }\n          ]\n        }\n      ]\n    }\n    <\/script>\n  <\/main>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Revision Notes \/ A Level Chemistry \/ Edexcel International \/ Topic 4 Organic Chemistry &amp; Alkanes \/ Reactions of Alkanes Reactions of Alkanes Use this landing page to move quickly between the main alkane reaction revision pages for Topic 4. 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