{"id":4502,"date":"2026-05-28T05:24:53","date_gmt":"2026-05-28T04:24:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/"},"modified":"2026-06-03T06:34:55","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T05:34:55","slug":"topic-6-organic-chemistry-i","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/","title":{"rendered":"Topic 6 &#8211; Organic Chemistry I"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"ols-t6-page\">\n\n  <aside class=\"ols-sidebar\">\r\n  <div class=\"ols-sidebar-header\">\r\n    <h3>Revision Notes<\/h3>\r\n    <p>A Level Chemistry<\/p>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\r\n    <h4>Topic 6 Organic Chemistry I<\/h4>\r\n\r\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/\">Introduction to Organic Chemistry<\/a>\r\n\r\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/iupac-rules\/\">IUPAC Rules<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/alkene\/\">Alkene<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/alcohol\/\">Alcohol<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/halogenoalkanes\/\">Halogenoalkanes<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/aldehyde\/\">Aldehyde<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/ketone\/\">Ketone<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/carboxylic-acid\/\">Carboxylic Acid<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/ester\/\">Ester<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/isomerism\/\">Isomerism<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/\">Alkanes<\/a>\r\n\r\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/crude-oil\/\">Alkanes from Crude Oil<\/a>\r\n\r\n            <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/crude-oil\/fractional-distillation\/\">Fractional Distillation<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/crude-oil\/cracking\/\">Cracking<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/crude-oil\/reforming\/\">Reforming<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n            <\/ul>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/fuel\/\">Alkanes as Fuel<\/a>\r\n\r\n            <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/fuel\/combustion\/\">Combustion<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/fuel\/oxides-of-sulfur\/\">Oxides of Sulfur<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/fuel\/oxides-of-nitrogen\/\">Oxides of Nitrogen<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/fuel\/catalytic-converter\/\">Catalytic Converter<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n            <\/ul>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/alternative-fuel\/\">Alternative Fuel<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/\">Reactions of Alkanes<\/a>\r\n\r\n            <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/free-radical-substitution\/\">Free Radical Substitution<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/initiation\/\">Initiation<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/propagation\/\">Propagation<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/termination\/\">Termination<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/further-substitution\/\">Further Substitution<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n            <\/ul>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/\">Alkenes<\/a>\r\n\r\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/alkene-bonding\/\">Alkene Bonding<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/geometric-isomerism\/\">Geometric Isomerism<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/electrophilic-addition-mechanism\/\">Electrophilic Addition Mechanism<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/\">Reactions of Alkenes<\/a>\r\n\r\n            <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/halogens\/\">Halogens<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/hydrogen-halide\/\">Hydrogen Halide<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/bromine-water\/\">Bromine Water<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/hydrogen\/\">Hydrogen<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/steam\/\">Steam<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/kmno4\/\">KMnO4<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n            <\/ul>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/polymerisation-reactions\/\">Polymerisation Reactions<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/polymer-waste\/\">Polymer Waste<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/halogenoalkanes\/\">Halogenoalkanes<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alcohols\/\">Alcohols<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n    <\/ul>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\r\n    <h4>Next Topics<\/h4>\r\n\r\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-7-modern-analytical-techniques-i\/\">Topic 7 Modern Analytical Techniques I<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-5-formulae-equations-and-amounts-of-substance\/\">Topic 5 Formulae, Equations &amp; Amounts<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-4-inorganic-chemistry-and-the-periodic-table\/\">Topic 4 Inorganic Chemistry &amp; The Periodic Table<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n    <\/ul>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/aside>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function() {\r\n  function normalisePath(path) {\r\n    return String(path || '')\r\n      .split('?')[0]\r\n      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24px 0 52px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-t6-topics {\n        padding: 52px 0 58px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-t6-cards-grid,\n      .ols-t6-tree-grid {\n        grid-template-columns: 1fr;\n        gap: 14px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-t6-spec-section {\n        padding: 52px 0 64px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-t6-spec-wrap {\n        padding: 24px 18px;\n        border-radius: 20px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-t6-info-grid {\n        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\n      }\n    }\n\n  <\/style>\n\n  <!-- BREADCRUMB BAR - sits above everything -->\n  <div class=\"ols-t6-breadcrumb-bar\">\n    <div class=\"ols-t6-container\">\n      <nav class=\"ols-t6-breadcrumb\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/\">Revision Notes<\/a> \/\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/\">A Level Chemistry<\/a> \/\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/\">Edexcel<\/a> \/\n        <span>Topic 6 Organic Chemistry I<\/span>\n      <\/nav>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <!-- INTRO -->\n  <section class=\"ols-t6-intro\">\n    <div class=\"ols-t6-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-t6-intro-inner\">\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-eyebrow\">Edexcel A Level Chemistry<\/div>\n          <h1>Topic 6<br>Organic<br>Chemistry I<\/h1>\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-accent-bar\"><\/div>\n          <p class=\"ols-t6-intro-lead\">Topic 6 introduces organic chemistry, including formulae, nomenclature, isomerism, alkanes, alkenes, halogenoalkanes and alcohols. Students learn mechanisms, functional group reactions, polymerisation and key practical techniques used in organic synthesis.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"ols-t6-info-grid\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-label\">Exam Papers<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-value\">Paper 2<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-sub\">9CH0\/02<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-label\">Specification Points<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-value\">6.1 &#8211; 6.39<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-sub\">39 points covered<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-label\">Topic Parts<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-value\">5 parts<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-sub\">Revision notes available<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-label\">Exam Board<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-value\">Edexcel<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-sub\">Pearson 9CH0<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- TOPIC CARDS -->\n  <section class=\"ols-t6-topics\">\n    <div class=\"ols-t6-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-t6-section-header\">\n        <h2 class=\"ols-t6-section-title\">Revision Notes<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"ols-t6-section-sub\">Work through each part of Edexcel Topic 6 in a structured sequence.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"ols-t6-cards-grid\">\n        <!-- Card 1: Introduction to Organic Chemistry -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t6-card ols-t6-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t6-visual ols-t6-visual--covalent\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-kicker\">Organic basics<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-main\">Introductory<br>Organic<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-sub\">names, formulae and isomers<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t6-card-num\">1<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-t6-card-status ols-t6-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t6-card-title\">Introduction to Organic Chemistry<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t6-card-desc\">Hydrocarbons, formulae, homologous series, functional groups, IUPAC names, reaction types and isomerism.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t6-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n        <!-- Card 2: Alkanes -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t6-card ols-t6-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t6-visual ols-t6-visual--slate\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-kicker\">Saturated<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-main\">Alkanes<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-sub\">fuels and free radicals<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t6-card-num\">2<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-t6-card-status ols-t6-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t6-card-title\">Alkanes<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t6-card-desc\">Saturated hydrocarbons, crude oil, combustion, pollutants, alternative fuels and radical substitution.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t6-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n        <!-- Card 3: Alkenes -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t6-card ols-t6-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t6-visual ols-t6-visual--shape\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-kicker\">Unsaturated<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-main\">Alkenes<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-sub\">addition and polymers<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t6-card-num\">3<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-t6-card-status ols-t6-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t6-card-title\">Alkenes<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t6-card-desc\">Unsaturated hydrocarbons, \u03c0 bonds, electrophilic addition, bromine water, polymers and sustainability.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t6-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n        <!-- Card 4: Halogenoalkanes -->\n        <div class=\"ols-t6-card ols-t6-card--locked\" aria-disabled=\"true\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t6-visual ols-t6-visual--amber\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-kicker\">Substitution<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-main\">Halogeno<br>alkanes<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-sub\">nucleophiles and leaving groups<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t6-card-num\">4<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-t6-card-status ols-t6-card-status--coming-soon\">Coming soon<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t6-card-title\">Halogenoalkanes<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t6-card-desc\">Nucleophilic substitution, elimination, hydrolysis rates and reactivity trends in halogenoalkanes.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t6-card-cta\">\n              Coming soon\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- Card 5: Alcohols -->\n        <div class=\"ols-t6-card ols-t6-card--locked\" aria-disabled=\"true\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t6-visual ols-t6-visual--teal\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-kicker\">Functional groups<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-main\">Alcohols<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-sub\">oxidation and synthesis<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t6-card-num\">5<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-t6-card-status ols-t6-card-status--coming-soon\">Coming soon<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t6-card-title\">Alcohols<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t6-card-desc\">Primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, combustion, halogenation, oxidation, elimination and purification techniques.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t6-card-cta\">\n              Coming soon\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <!-- SPECIFICATION SECTION -->\n  <section class=\"ols-t6-spec-section\">\n    <div class=\"ols-t6-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-desktop\">\n        <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-wrap\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-pill\">Specification Coverage<\/div>\n          <h2 class=\"ols-t6-spec-heading\">Topic 6 Organic Chemistry I &#8211; Edexcel A Level Chemistry<\/h2>\n          <p class=\"ols-t6-spec-intro-text\">The following specification points outline the knowledge and skills students are expected to demonstrate for Topic 6.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ols-t6-spec-group-title\">6A: Introduction to organic chemistry<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-rows\">\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.1<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">know that a hydrocarbon is a compound of hydrogen and carbon only<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.2<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">be able to represent organic molecules using empirical formulae, molecular formulae, general formulae, structural formulae, displayed formulae and skeletal formulae<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.3<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">know what is meant by the terms homologous series and functional group<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.4<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">be able to name compounds relevant to this specification using the rules of International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, IUPAC, nomenclature. Students will be expected to know prefixes for compounds up to C<sub>10<\/sub>.<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.5<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">be able to classify reactions as addition, elimination, substitution, oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis or polymerisation<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.6<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">understand the term structural isomerism and determine the possible structural, displayed and skeletal formulae of an organic molecule, given its molecular formula<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.7<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">understand the term stereoisomerism, as illustrated by E\/Z isomerism, including cis-trans isomerism where two of the substituent groups are the same<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"ols-t6-spec-group-title\">6B: Alkanes<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-rows\">\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.8<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">know the general formula for alkanes<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.9<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">know that alkanes and cycloalkanes are saturated hydrocarbons<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.10<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">understand that alkane fuels are obtained from the fractional distillation, cracking and reforming of crude oil<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.11<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">know that pollutants, including carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and sulfur, carbon particulates and unburned hydrocarbons, are formed during the combustion of alkane fuels<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.12<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">understand the problems arising from pollutants from the combustion of fuels, limited to the toxicity of carbon monoxide and the acidity of oxides of nitrogen and sulfur<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.13<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">understand how the use of a catalytic converter solves some problems caused by pollutants<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.14<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">understand the use of alternative fuels, including biodiesel and alcohols derived from renewable sources such as plants, in terms of a comparison with non-renewable fossil fuels<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--mid\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--mid\">6.15<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">know that a radical:<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">i<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">is a species with an unpaired electron and is represented in mechanisms by a single dot<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">ii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">is formed by homolytic fission of a covalent bond and results in the formation of radicals<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--mid\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--mid\">6.16<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">understand the reactions of alkanes with:<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">i<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">oxygen in air, combustion<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">ii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">halogens, in terms of the mechanism of radical substitution through initiation, propagation and termination steps<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.17<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">understand the limitations of the use of radical substitution reactions in the synthesis of organic molecules, in terms of further substitution reactions and the formation of a mixture of products<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"ols-t6-spec-group-title\">6C: Alkenes<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-rows\">\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.18<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">know the general formula for alkenes<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.19<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">know that alkenes and cycloalkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.20<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">understand the bonding in alkenes in terms of \u03c3- and \u03c0-bonds<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.21<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">know what is meant by the term electrophile<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--mid\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--mid\">6.22<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">understand the addition reactions of alkenes with:<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">i<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">hydrogen, in the presence of a nickel catalyst, to form an alkane<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">ii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">halogens to produce dihalogenoalkanes<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">iii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">hydrogen halides to produce halogenoalkanes<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">iv<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">steam, in the presence of an acid catalyst, to produce alcohols<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">v<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">potassium manganate(VII), in acid conditions, to oxidise the double bond and produce a diol<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.23<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">understand that heterolytic bond fission of a covalent bond results in the formation of ions<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--mid\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--mid\">6.24<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">understand the mechanism of the electrophilic addition reactions between alkenes and:<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">i<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">halogens<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">ii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">hydrogen halides, including addition to unsymmetrical alkenes<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">iii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">other given binary compounds<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.25<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">know the qualitative test for a C=C double bond using bromine or bromine water<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.26<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">know that alkenes form polymers through addition polymerisation. Be able to identify the repeat unit of an addition polymer given the monomer, and vice versa.<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--mid\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--mid\">6.27<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">know that waste polymers can be separated into specific types of polymer for:<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">i<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">recycling<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">ii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">incineration to release energy<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">iii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">use as a feedstock for cracking<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.28<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">understand, in terms of the use of energy and resources over the life cycle of polymer products, that chemists can contribute to the more sustainable use of materials<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--mid\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--mid\">6.29<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">understand how chemists limit the problems caused by polymer disposal by:<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">i<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">developing biodegradable polymers<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">ii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">removing toxic waste gases caused by incineration of plastics<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"ols-t6-spec-group-title\">6D: Halogenoalkanes<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-rows\">\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.30<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">know that halogenoalkanes can be classified as primary, secondary or tertiary<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.31<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">understand what is meant by the term nucleophile<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--mid\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--mid\">6.32<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">understand the reactions of halogenoalkanes with:<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">i<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">aqueous potassium hydroxide to produce alcohols, where the hydroxide ion acts as a nucleophile<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">ii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">aqueous silver nitrate in ethanol, where water acts as a nucleophile<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">iii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">potassium cyanide to produce nitriles, where the cyanide ion acts as a nucleophile<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">iv<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">ammonia to produce primary amines, where the ammonia molecule acts as a nucleophile<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">v<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">ethanolic potassium hydroxide to produce alkenes, where the hydroxide ion acts as a base<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.33<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">understand that experimental observations and data can be used to compare the relative rates of hydrolysis of primary, secondary and tertiary halogenoalkanes, and chloro-, bromo-, and iodoalkanes, using aqueous silver nitrate in ethanol. Core Practical 4: Investigation of the rates of hydrolysis of some halogenoalkanes.<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.34<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">know the trend in reactivity of primary, secondary and tertiary halogenoalkanes<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.35<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">understand, in terms of bond enthalpy, the trend in reactivity of chloro-, bromo-, and iodoalkanes<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.36<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">understand the mechanisms of the nucleophilic substitution reactions between primary halogenoalkanes and aqueous potassium hydroxide, and ammonia<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"ols-t6-spec-group-title\">6E: Alcohols<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-rows\">\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.37<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">know that alcohols can be classified as primary, secondary or tertiary<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--mid\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--mid\">6.38<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">understand the reactions of alcohols with:<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">i<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">oxygen in air, combustion<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">ii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">halogenating agents, including PCl<sub>5<\/sub>, 50% concentrated sulfuric acid and potassium bromide, and red phosphorus and iodine<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">iii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">potassium dichromate(VI) in dilute sulfuric acid to oxidise primary alcohols to aldehydes and carboxylic acids, and secondary alcohols to ketones<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">iv<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">concentrated phosphoric acid to form alkenes by elimination<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--mid\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--mid\">6.39<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">understand the following techniques used in the preparation and purification of a liquid organic compound:<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">i<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">heating under reflux<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">ii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">extraction with a solvent in a separating funnel<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">iii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">distillation<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">iv<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">drying with an anhydrous salt<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">v<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">boiling temperature determination<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mobile\">\n        <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-wrap\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-pill\">Specification Coverage<\/div>\n          <h2 class=\"ols-t6-spec-heading\">Topic 6 Organic Chemistry I &#8211; Edexcel A Level Chemistry<\/h2>\n          <p class=\"ols-t6-spec-intro-text\">The following specification points outline the knowledge and skills students are expected to demonstrate for Topic 6.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ols-t6-spec-group-title\">6A: Introduction to organic chemistry<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-rows\">\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.1<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">know that a hydrocarbon is a compound of hydrogen and carbon only<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.2<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">be able to represent organic molecules using empirical formulae, molecular formulae, general formulae, structural formulae, displayed formulae and skeletal formulae<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.3<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">know what is meant by the terms homologous series and functional group<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.4<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">be able to name compounds relevant to this specification using the rules of International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, IUPAC, nomenclature. Students will be expected to know prefixes for compounds up to C<sub>10<\/sub>.<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.5<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">be able to classify reactions as addition, elimination, substitution, oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis or polymerisation<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.6<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">understand the term structural isomerism and determine the possible structural, displayed and skeletal formulae of an organic molecule, given its molecular formula<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.7<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">understand the term stereoisomerism, as illustrated by E\/Z isomerism, including cis-trans isomerism where two of the substituent groups are the same<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"ols-t6-spec-group-title\">6B: Alkanes<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-rows\">\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.8<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">know the general formula for alkanes<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.9<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">know that alkanes and cycloalkanes are saturated hydrocarbons<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.10<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">understand that alkane fuels are obtained from the fractional distillation, cracking and reforming of crude oil<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.11<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">know that pollutants, including carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and sulfur, carbon particulates and unburned hydrocarbons, are formed during the combustion of alkane fuels<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.12<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">understand the problems arising from pollutants from the combustion of fuels, limited to the toxicity of carbon monoxide and the acidity of oxides of nitrogen and sulfur<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.13<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">understand how the use of a catalytic converter solves some problems caused by pollutants<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.14<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">understand the use of alternative fuels, including biodiesel and alcohols derived from renewable sources such as plants, in terms of a comparison with non-renewable fossil fuels<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--mid\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code ols-t6-spec-mob-code--mid\">6.15<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">know that a radical:<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">i<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">is a species with an unpaired electron and is represented in mechanisms by a single dot<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">ii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">is formed by homolytic fission of a covalent bond and results in the formation of radicals<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--mid\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code ols-t6-spec-mob-code--mid\">6.16<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">understand the reactions of alkanes with:<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">i<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">oxygen in air, combustion<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">ii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">halogens, in terms of the mechanism of radical substitution through initiation, propagation and termination steps<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.17<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">understand the limitations of the use of radical substitution reactions in the synthesis of organic molecules, in terms of further substitution reactions and the formation of a mixture of products<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"ols-t6-spec-group-title\">6C: Alkenes<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-rows\">\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.18<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">know the general formula for alkenes<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.19<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">know that alkenes and cycloalkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.20<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">understand the bonding in alkenes in terms of \u03c3- and \u03c0-bonds<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.21<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">know what is meant by the term electrophile<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--mid\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code ols-t6-spec-mob-code--mid\">6.22<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">understand the addition reactions of alkenes with:<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">i<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">hydrogen, in the presence of a nickel catalyst, to form an alkane<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">ii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">halogens to produce dihalogenoalkanes<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">iii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">hydrogen halides to produce halogenoalkanes<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">iv<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">steam, in the presence of an acid catalyst, to produce alcohols<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">v<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">potassium manganate(VII), in acid conditions, to oxidise the double bond and produce a diol<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.23<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">understand that heterolytic bond fission of a covalent bond results in the formation of ions<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--mid\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code ols-t6-spec-mob-code--mid\">6.24<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">understand the mechanism of the electrophilic addition reactions between alkenes and:<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">i<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">halogens<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">ii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">hydrogen halides, including addition to unsymmetrical alkenes<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">iii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">other given binary compounds<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.25<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">know the qualitative test for a C=C double bond using bromine or bromine water<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.26<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">know that alkenes form polymers through addition polymerisation. Be able to identify the repeat unit of an addition polymer given the monomer, and vice versa.<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--mid\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code ols-t6-spec-mob-code--mid\">6.27<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">know that waste polymers can be separated into specific types of polymer for:<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">i<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">recycling<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">ii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">incineration to release energy<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">iii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">use as a feedstock for cracking<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.28<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">understand, in terms of the use of energy and resources over the life cycle of polymer products, that chemists can contribute to the more sustainable use of materials<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--mid\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code ols-t6-spec-mob-code--mid\">6.29<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">understand how chemists limit the problems caused by polymer disposal by:<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">i<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">developing biodegradable polymers<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">ii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">removing toxic waste gases caused by incineration of plastics<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"ols-t6-spec-group-title\">6D: Halogenoalkanes<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-rows\">\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.30<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">know that halogenoalkanes can be classified as primary, secondary or tertiary<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.31<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">understand what is meant by the term nucleophile<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--mid\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code ols-t6-spec-mob-code--mid\">6.32<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">understand the reactions of halogenoalkanes with:<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">i<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">aqueous potassium hydroxide to produce alcohols, where the hydroxide ion acts as a nucleophile<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">ii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">aqueous silver nitrate in ethanol, where water acts as a nucleophile<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">iii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">potassium cyanide to produce nitriles, where the cyanide ion acts as a nucleophile<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">iv<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">ammonia to produce primary amines, where the ammonia molecule acts as a nucleophile<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">v<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">ethanolic potassium hydroxide to produce alkenes, where the hydroxide ion acts as a base<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.33<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">understand that experimental observations and data can be used to compare the relative rates of hydrolysis of primary, secondary and tertiary halogenoalkanes, and chloro-, bromo-, and iodoalkanes, using aqueous silver nitrate in ethanol. Core Practical 4: Investigation of the rates of hydrolysis of some halogenoalkanes.<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.34<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">know the trend in reactivity of primary, secondary and tertiary halogenoalkanes<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.35<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">understand, in terms of bond enthalpy, the trend in reactivity of chloro-, bromo-, and iodoalkanes<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.36<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">understand the mechanisms of the nucleophilic substitution reactions between primary halogenoalkanes and aqueous potassium hydroxide, and ammonia<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"ols-t6-spec-group-title\">6E: Alcohols<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-rows\">\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.37<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">know that alcohols can be classified as primary, secondary or tertiary<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--mid\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code ols-t6-spec-mob-code--mid\">6.38<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">understand the reactions of alcohols with:<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">i<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">oxygen in air, combustion<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">ii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">halogenating agents, including PCl<sub>5<\/sub>, 50% concentrated sulfuric acid and potassium bromide, and red phosphorus and iodine<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">iii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">potassium dichromate(VI) in dilute sulfuric acid to oxidise primary alcohols to aldehydes and carboxylic acids, and secondary alcohols to ketones<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">iv<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">concentrated phosphoric acid to form alkenes by elimination<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--mid\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code ols-t6-spec-mob-code--mid\">6.39<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">understand the following techniques used in the preparation and purification of a liquid organic compound:<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">i<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">heating under reflux<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">ii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">extraction with a solvent in a separating funnel<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">iii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">distillation<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">iv<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">drying with an anhydrous salt<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">v<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">boiling temperature determination<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@graph\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"WebPage\",\n      \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/\",\n      \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/\",\n      \"name\": \"Topic 6 Organic Chemistry I - Edexcel A Level Chemistry\",\n      \"description\": \"Topic 6 introduces organic chemistry, including formulae, nomenclature, isomerism, alkanes, alkenes, halogenoalkanes and alcohols. 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6OrganicChemistry I Topic 6 introduces organic chemistry, including formulae, nomenclature, isomerism, alkanes, alkenes, halogenoalkanes and alcohols. Students learn mechanisms, functional group reactions, polymerisation and key practical techniques used in organic synthesis. 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