{"id":4514,"date":"2026-05-28T06:03:45","date_gmt":"2026-05-28T05:03:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-1-atomic-structure-and-the-periodic-table\/mass-spectrometry\/"},"modified":"2026-10-23T08:39:41","modified_gmt":"2026-10-23T07:39:41","slug":"mass-spectrometry","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-1-atomic-structure-and-the-periodic-table\/mass-spectrometry\/","title":{"rendered":"Mass Spectrometry"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"ols-t1-page\">\n\n  <aside class=\"ols-sidebar\">\r\n  <div class=\"ols-sidebar-header\">\r\n    <h3>Revision Notes<\/h3>\r\n    <p>A Level Chemistry<\/p>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\r\n    <h4>Topic 1 Atomic Structure and The Periodic Table<\/h4>\r\n\r\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-1-atomic-structure-and-the-periodic-table\/atomic-structure\/\">Atomic Structure<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-1-atomic-structure-and-the-periodic-table\/mass-spectrometry\/\">Mass Spectrometry<\/a>\r\n\r\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-1-atomic-structure-and-the-periodic-table\/mass-spectrometry\/the-mass-spectrometer\/\">The Mass Spectrometer<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-1-atomic-structure-and-the-periodic-table\/mass-spectrometry\/ram-calculations\/\">RAM Calculations<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-1-atomic-structure-and-the-periodic-table\/mass-spectrometry\/predicting-diatomic-mass-spectra\/\">Predicting Diatomic Mass Spectra<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-1-atomic-structure-and-the-periodic-table\/mass-spectrometry\/identifying-compounds-from-mass-spectra\/\">Identifying Compounds from Mass Spectra<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-1-atomic-structure-and-the-periodic-table\/electron-configuration\/\">Electron Configuration<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-1-atomic-structure-and-the-periodic-table\/ionisation-energy\/\">Ionisation Energy<\/a>\r\n\r\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-1-atomic-structure-and-the-periodic-table\/ionisation-energy\/introduction-to-ionisation-energy\/\">Introduction to Ionisation Energy<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-1-atomic-structure-and-the-periodic-table\/ionisation-energy\/successive-ionisation-energies\/\">Successive Ionisation Energies<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-1-atomic-structure-and-the-periodic-table\/ionisation-energy\/trends-in-a-period\/\">Trends in a Period<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-1-atomic-structure-and-the-periodic-table\/ionisation-energy\/trends-in-a-group\/\">Trends in a Group<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-1-atomic-structure-and-the-periodic-table\/periodic-trends\/\">Periodic Trends<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n    <\/ul>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\r\n    <h4>Next Topics<\/h4>\r\n\r\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a 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     }\n    }\n\n    @media (max-width: 700px) {\n      .ols-t1-spec-row,\n      .ols-t1-spec-sub-row {\n        flex-direction: column;\n      }\n\n      .ols-t1-spec-code,\n      .ols-t1-spec-sub-code {\n        flex: 0 0 auto;\n        min-height: 36px;\n        padding: 10px 12px;\n      }\n    }\n\n    @media (max-width: 640px) {\n      .ols-t1-intro {\n        padding: 24px 0 52px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-t1-container {\n        width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 28px));\n      }\n\n      .ols-t1-topics {\n        padding: 52px 0 58px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-t1-cards-grid {\n        grid-template-columns: 1fr;\n        gap: 14px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-t1-spec-section {\n        padding: 52px 0 64px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-t1-spec-wrap {\n        padding: 24px 18px;\n        border-radius: 20px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-t1-info-grid {\n        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\n      }\n    }\n\n  <\/style>\n\n  <!-- BREADCRUMB BAR -->\n  <div class=\"ols-t1-breadcrumb-bar\">\n    <div class=\"ols-t1-container\">\n      <nav class=\"ols-t1-breadcrumb\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/\">Revision Notes<\/a> \/\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/\">A Level Chemistry<\/a> \/\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/\">Edexcel<\/a> \/\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-1-atomic-structure-and-the-periodic-table\/\">Topic 1 Atomic Structure &amp; The Periodic Table<\/a> \/\n        <span>Mass Spectrometry<\/span>\n      <\/nav>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <!-- INTRO -->\n  <section class=\"ols-t1-intro\">\n    <div class=\"ols-t1-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-t1-intro-inner\">\n\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t1-eyebrow\">Edexcel A Level Chemistry (9CH0)<\/div>\n          <h1>Mass Spectrometry<\/h1>\n          <div class=\"ols-t1-accent-bar\"><\/div>\n          <p class=\"ols-t1-intro-lead\">\n            Mass spectrometry separates positive ions according to their <strong>mass-to-charge ratio<\/strong>, written as <strong>m\/z<\/strong>. These pages build from the operation of the mass spectrometer through to isotope abundance, relative atomic mass and interpreting molecular spectra.\n          <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"ols-t1-info-grid\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t1-info-card\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t1-info-card-label\">Exam Paper<\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t1-info-card-value\">Paper 1<\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t1-info-card-sub\">9CH0\/01 &#8211; Advanced Inorganic and Physical Chemistry<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t1-info-card\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t1-info-card-label\">Specification Points<\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t1-info-card-value\">6 &#8211; 9<\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t1-info-card-sub\">3 points covered<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t1-info-card\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t1-info-card-label\">Sub-topics<\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t1-info-card-value\">3 lessons<\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t1-info-card-sub\">Revision notes available<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t1-info-card\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t1-info-card-label\">Exam Board<\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t1-info-card-value\">Edexcel<\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t1-info-card-sub\">Pearson 9CH0<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- TOPIC CARDS -->\n  <section class=\"ols-t1-topics\">\n    <div class=\"ols-t1-container\">\n\n      <div class=\"ols-t1-section-header\">\n        <h2 class=\"ols-t1-section-title\">Revision Notes<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"ols-t1-section-sub\">Select a section to begin revising.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"ols-t1-cards-grid\">\n\n        <!-- Card 1: The Mass Spectrometer -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t1-card ols-t1-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-1-atomic-structure-and-the-periodic-table\/mass-spectrometry\/the-mass-spectrometer\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t1-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t1-visual ols-t1-visual--atom\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t1-visual-panel\">\n                  <div class=\"ols-t1-visual-kicker\">Instrument<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t1-visual-main\">Mass<br>Spectrometer<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t1-visual-sub\">ionisation, acceleration and detection<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t1-card-num\">1<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t1-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t1-card-title\">The Mass Spectrometer<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t1-card-desc\">Revise vaporisation, ionisation, acceleration, deflection, detection and why ions are separated by m\/z.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t1-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 2: RAM Calculations -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t1-card ols-t1-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-1-atomic-structure-and-the-periodic-table\/mass-spectrometry\/ram-calculations\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t1-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t1-visual ols-t1-visual--mass-spec\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t1-visual-panel\">\n                  <div class=\"ols-t1-visual-kicker\">Weighted mean<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t1-visual-main\">RAM<br>Calculations<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t1-visual-sub\">isotopic mass and abundance<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t1-card-num\">2<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t1-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t1-card-title\">RAM Calculations<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t1-card-desc\">Use isotopic mass and percentage abundance data to calculate relative atomic mass using weighted means.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t1-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 3: Predicting Diatomic Mass Spectra -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t1-card ols-t1-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-1-atomic-structure-and-the-periodic-table\/mass-spectrometry\/predicting-diatomic-mass-spectra\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t1-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t1-visual ols-t1-visual--electron\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t1-visual-panel\">\n                  <div class=\"ols-t1-visual-kicker\">Peak ratios<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t1-visual-main\">Diatomic<br>Spectra<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t1-visual-sub\">isotope combinations and probabilities<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t1-card-num\">3<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t1-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t1-card-title\">Predicting Diatomic Mass Spectra<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t1-card-desc\">Predict molecular ion peak patterns for diatomic molecules using isotope combinations and probability ratios.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t1-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- SPECIFICATION -->\n  <!-- OLS-SMAP -->\n<style>\r\n.ols-smap{--sm-navy:#1C244B;--sm-blue:#467FF7;--sm-teal:#0f8b8d;--sm-muted:#5f6b84;--sm-border:#e3e8f2;margin:44px auto 8px;max-width:1140px;padding:0 20px;font-family:inherit}\r\n.ols-smap-head{display:flex;align-items:baseline;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 18px}\r\n.ols-smap-head h2{font-size:clamp(22px,2.6vw,28px);font-weight:800;color:var(--sm-navy);margin:0;letter-spacing:-.01em}\r\n.ols-smap-head p{margin:0;color:var(--sm-muted);font-size:14px}\r\n.ols-smap-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(min(100%,460px),1fr));gap:20px}\r\n.ols-smap-card{display:grid;grid-template-columns:150px 1fr;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--sm-border);border-radius:22px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 10px 28px rgba(28,36,75,.08);transition:transform .28s cubic-bezier(.34,1.56,.64,1),box-shadow .28s ease,border-color .28s ease}\r\n.ols-smap-card:hover{transform:translateY(-6px);box-shadow:0 24px 48px rgba(28,36,75,.14);border-color:rgba(70,127,247,.35)}\r\n.ols-smap-vis{background:linear-gradient(160deg,#1C244B 0%,#2d3c7a 100%);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:14px}\r\n.ols-smap-vis svg{width:100%;max-width:118px;height:auto;display:block}\r\n.ols-smap-body{padding:18px 20px 20px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:6px;min-width:0}\r\n.ols-smap-kicker{font-size:11px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--sm-teal)}\r\n.ols-smap-title{font-size:17px;font-weight:800;color:var(--sm-navy);margin:0;line-height:1.25}\r\n.ols-smap-board{font-size:12.5px;color:var(--sm-muted);margin:0}\r\n.ols-smap-desc{font-size:14px;color:#33405e;margin:4px 0 0;line-height:1.5}\r\n.ols-smap-row{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:10px}\r\n.ols-smap-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;background:var(--sm-navy);color:#fff !important;text-decoration:none !important;font-weight:700;font-size:14px;padding:10px 18px;border-radius:999px;transition:background .2s ease,transform .2s ease}\r\n.ols-smap-btn:hover{background:var(--sm-blue);transform:translateY(-1px)}\r\n.ols-smap-btn svg{width:16px;height:16px}\r\n.ols-smap-meta{font-size:12px;color:var(--sm-muted)}\r\n.ols-smap-note{font-size:11.5px;color:var(--sm-muted);margin:14px 0 0;text-align:center}\r\n@media (max-width:560px){.ols-smap{padding:0 16px;margin-top:32px}.ols-smap-card{grid-template-columns:76px 1fr}.ols-smap-vis{padding:8px}.ols-smap-vis svg{max-width:60px}.ols-smap-body{padding:14px 14px 16px}.ols-smap-title{font-size:16px}.ols-smap-desc{font-size:13.5px}.ols-smap-btn{padding:9px 15px;font-size:13.5px}}\r\n<\/style><section class=\"ols-smap\" aria-label=\"Summary map\"><div class=\"ols-smap-head\"><h2>Summary map<\/h2><p>Download, print and revise the key facts of this topic at a glance.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"ols-smap-grid\"><article class=\"ols-smap-card\"><div class=\"ols-smap-vis\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 120 120\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><g fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#ffffff\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"><circle cx=\"60\" cy=\"60\" r=\"17\"\/><path d=\"M60 43V20M60 77v23M43 60H20M77 60h23M48 48 32 32M72 48l16-16M48 72 32 88M72 72l16 16\"\/><\/g><g fill=\"#ffffff\"><path d=\"M60 16l-4 7h8zM60 104l-4-7h8zM16 60l7-4v8zM104 60l-7-4v8zM29 29l2.5 7.5 5-5zM91 29l-7.5 2.5 5 5zM29 91l7.5-2.5-5-5zM91 91l-2.5-7.5-5 5z\"\/><\/g><g fill=\"#5fd0c9\"><circle cx=\"60\" cy=\"11\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"109\" cy=\"60\" r=\"3\"\/><\/g><g fill=\"#f2c14e\"><circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"60\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"96\" cy=\"96\" r=\"3\"\/><\/g><g fill=\"#9db8ff\"><circle cx=\"24\" cy=\"24\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"60\" cy=\"109\" r=\"3\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"ols-smap-body\"><span class=\"ols-smap-kicker\">Summary map \u00b7 PDF<\/span><p class=\"ols-smap-title\">Atoms and Mass Spectrometry Map<\/p><p class=\"ols-smap-board\">Edexcel A Level Chemistry \u00b7 Topic 1 Atomic Structure \u00b7 Atoms and Mass Spectrometry<\/p><p class=\"ols-smap-desc\">The whole section on one A4 page: sub-atomic particles, isotopes, the mass spectrometer, relative isotopic, atomic and formula masses, and the spectra of molecules.<\/p><div class=\"ols-smap-row\"><a class=\"ols-smap-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/ols-maps\/map-dom-1a-atoms-ms.pdf\" download rel=\"nofollow\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M8 2v8M4.5 6.5 8 10l3.5-3.5M3 13h10\"\/><\/svg>Download the map<\/a><span class=\"ols-smap-meta\">6 key ideas + a data table \u00b7 A4 portrait \u00b7 print ready<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><p class=\"ols-smap-note\">\u00a9 2026 Online Learning System. For personal study: printing is allowed; editing, copying and redistribution are not.<\/p><\/section>\n<!-- \/OLS-SMAP -->\n<section class=\"ols-t1-spec-section\">\n    <div class=\"ols-t1-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-t1-spec-wrap\">\n        <div class=\"ols-t1-spec-pill\">Specification Coverage<\/div>\n        <h2 class=\"ols-t1-spec-heading\">Mass Spectrometry &#8211; Edexcel A Level Chemistry (9CH0)<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"ols-t1-spec-intro-text\">The following specification points outline the knowledge and skills students are expected to demonstrate for Topic 1. All points are assessed in Paper 1 (9CH0\/01).<\/p>\n\n        <h3 class=\"ols-t1-spec-group-title\">Atomic Structure<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"ols-t1-spec-rows\">\n          \n          \n          \n          \n          \n          <div class=\"ols-t1-spec-row\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t1-spec-code\">6<\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t1-spec-text\">be able to define the terms relative isotopic mass and relative atomic mass, based on the \u00b9\u00b2C scale<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          \n        <\/div>\n\n        <h3 class=\"ols-t1-spec-group-title\">Mass Spectrometry<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"ols-t1-spec-rows\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t1-spec-row\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t1-spec-code\">8<\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t1-spec-text\">be able to analyse and interpret data from mass spectrometry to calculate relative atomic mass from relative abundance of isotopes and vice versa<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t1-spec-row\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t1-spec-code\">9<\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t1-spec-text\">be able to predict the mass spectra, including relative peak heights, for diatomic molecules, including chlorine<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          \n        <\/div>\n\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Revision Notes \/ A Level Chemistry \/ Edexcel \/ Topic 1 Atomic Structure &amp; The Periodic Table \/ Mass Spectrometry Edexcel A Level Chemistry (9CH0) Mass Spectrometry Mass spectrometry separates positive ions according to their mass-to-charge ratio, written as m\/z. These pages build from the operation of the mass spectrometer through to isotope abundance, relative [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":4497,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4514","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4514","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4514"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4514\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4497"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4514"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}