{"id":4572,"date":"2026-05-30T06:09:10","date_gmt":"2026-05-30T05:09:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/"},"modified":"2026-10-23T04:13:15","modified_gmt":"2026-10-23T03:13:15","slug":"shapes-of-molecules","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/","title":{"rendered":"Shapes of Molecules"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"ols-t2-page\">\n\n  <aside class=\"ols-sidebar\">\r\n  <div class=\"ols-sidebar-header\">\r\n    <h3>Revision Notes<\/h3>\r\n    <p>A Level Chemistry<\/p>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\r\n    <h4>Topic 2 Bonding and Structure<\/h4>\r\n\r\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/ionic-bonding\/\">Ionic Bonding<\/a>\r\n\r\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/ionic-bonding\/nature-of-ionic-bonding\/\">Nature of Ionic Bonding<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/ionic-bonding\/polarisation-of-ions\/\">Polarisation of Ions<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/ionic-bonding\/physical-properties-of-ionic-compounds\/\">Physical Properties of Ionic Compounds<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/covalent-bonding\/\">Covalent Bonding<\/a>\r\n\r\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/covalent-bonding\/nature-of-covalent-bonding\/\">Nature of Covalent Bonding<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/covalent-bonding\/dative-covalent-bonding\/\">Dative Covalent Bonding<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/covalent-bonding\/giant-covalent-structures\/\">Giant Covalent Structures<\/a>\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/covalent-bonding\/electronegativity\/\">Electronegativity<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/\">Shapes of Molecules<\/a>\r\n\r\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/linear\/\">Linear<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/trigonal-planar\/\">Trigonal Planar<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/tetrahedral\/\">Tetrahedral<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/trigonal-pyramidal\/\">Trigonal Pyramidal<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/bent\/\">Bent<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/trigonal-bipyramidal\/\">Trigonal Bipyramidal<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/octahedral\/\">Octahedral<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/square-planar\/\">Square Planar<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/square-pyramidal\/\">Square Pyramidal<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/distorted-t\/\">Distorted T<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/seesaw\/\">SeeSaw<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/polar-molecules\/\">Polar Molecules<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/metallic-bonding\/\">Metallic Bonding<\/a>\r\n\r\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/metallic-bonding\/metallic-bonding-and-structure\/\">Metallic Bonding and Structure<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/metallic-bonding\/physical-properties-of-metals\/\">Physical Properties of Metals<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/intermolecular-forces\/\">Intermolecular Forces<\/a>\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/intermolecular-forces\/london-forces\/\">London Forces<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/intermolecular-forces\/permanent-dipole-dipole-forces\/\">Permanent Dipole-Dipole Forces<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/intermolecular-forces\/hydrogen-bonding\/\">Hydrogen Bonding<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/intermolecular-forces\/anomalous-properties-of-water\/\">Anomalous Properties of Water<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/intermolecular-forces\/boiling-temperature-trends\/\">Boiling Temperature Trends<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n          <li>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/intermolecular-forces\/choosing-solvents\/\">Choosing Solvents<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/structure-types\/\">Structure Types<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n    <\/ul>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\r\n    <h4>Next Topics<\/h4>\r\n\r\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-3-redox-i\/\">Redox I<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-4-inorganic-chemistry-and-the-periodic-table\/\">Inorganic Chemistry &amp; The Periodic Table<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-5-formulae-equations-and-amounts-of-substance\/\">Formulae, Equations &amp; Amounts<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n    <\/ul>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/aside>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function() {\r\n  function normalisePath(path) {\r\n    return String(path || '')\r\n      .split('?')[0]\r\n      .split('#')[0]\r\n      .replace(\/\\\/+$\/, '')\r\n      .toLowerCase();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function highlightActive() {\r\n    var sidebar = document.querySelector('.ols-sidebar');\r\n    if (!sidebar) return false;\r\n\r\n    var currentPath = normalisePath(window.location.pathname);\r\n    var links = sidebar.querySelectorAll('a[href]');\r\n    var matched = null;\r\n    var matchedLength = 0;\r\n\r\n    sidebar.querySelectorAll('.active, .active-main, .parent-active').forEach(function(item) {\r\n      item.classList.remove('active', 'active-main', 'parent-active');\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    sidebar.querySelectorAll('a[data-ols-disabled-parent=\"1\"], a[aria-current]').forEach(function(a) {\r\n      a.removeAttribute('aria-current');\r\n      a.removeAttribute('tabindex');\r\n      a.removeAttribute('data-ols-disabled-parent');\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    links.forEach(function(a) {\r\n      try {\r\n        var href = a.getAttribute('href');\r\n        if (!href || href === '#' || href.charAt(0) === '#') return;\r\n        var linkPath = normalisePath(new URL(href, window.location.origin).pathname);\r\n        if (!linkPath) return;\r\n        if (currentPath === linkPath || currentPath.indexOf(linkPath + '\/') === 0) {\r\n          if (linkPath.length > matchedLength) {\r\n            matched = a;\r\n            matchedLength = linkPath.length;\r\n          }\r\n        }\r\n      } catch(e) {}\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    if (matched) {\r\n      var matchedLi = matched.closest('li');\r\n      var parentSub = matched.closest('.ols-subtopic-list');\r\n\r\n      if (parentSub) {\r\n        if (matchedLi) {\r\n          matchedLi.classList.add('active');\r\n          matched.setAttribute('aria-current', 'page');\r\n        }\r\n        var parentLi = parentSub.closest('li');\r\n        if (parentLi) {\r\n          parentLi.classList.add('parent-active', 'active-main');\r\n          var parentLink = parentLi.querySelector(':scope > a');\r\n          if (parentLink) {\r\n            parentLink.setAttribute('aria-current', 'true');\r\n            parentLink.setAttribute('tabindex', '-1');\r\n            parentLink.setAttribute('data-ols-disabled-parent', '1');\r\n          }\r\n        }\r\n      } else {\r\n        if (matchedLi) {\r\n          matchedLi.classList.add('parent-active', 'active-main');\r\n          matched.setAttribute('aria-current', 'page');\r\n          matched.setAttribute('tabindex', '-1');\r\n          matched.setAttribute('data-ols-disabled-parent', '1');\r\n        }\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    return true;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  if (!highlightActive()) {\r\n    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', highlightActive);\r\n  }\r\n})();\r\n<\/script>\n\n  <style>\n    @import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Poppins:wght@300;400;500;600;700;800&display=swap');\n\n    .ols-t2-page,\n    .ols-t2-page * {\n      box-sizing: border-box;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-page {\n      --ols-navy: #1C244B;\n      --ols-blue: #467FF7;\n      --ols-soft-blue: #EEF4FF;\n      --ols-border: rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.12);\n      --ols-shadow: 0 18px 45px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.12);\n      --ols-shadow-soft: 0 10px 28px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.09);\n      --ols-muted: #4b5575;\n      font-family: \"Poppins\", Arial, sans-serif;\n      color: var(--ols-navy);\n      background: #ffffff;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-page a {\n      color: inherit;\n      text-decoration: none;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-container {\n      width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 40px));\n      margin: 0 auto;\n    }\n\n    \/* =========================================================\n       BREADCRUMB BAR\n    ========================================================= *\/\n\n    .ols-t2-breadcrumb-bar {\n      padding: 16px 0 0;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-breadcrumb {\n      display: flex;\n      flex-wrap: wrap;\n      gap: 6px;\n      font-size: 13px;\n      color: var(--ols-muted);\n      font-weight: 500;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-breadcrumb a {\n      color: var(--ols-muted);\n      transition: color 0.2s ease;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-breadcrumb a:hover {\n      color: var(--ols-blue);\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-breadcrumb span {\n      color: var(--ols-navy);\n      font-weight: 700;\n    }\n\n    \/* =========================================================\n       INTRO \/ HERO\n    ========================================================= *\/\n\n    .ols-t2-intro {\n      padding: 36px 0 72px;\n      background:\n        radial-gradient(circle at top center, rgba(70, 127, 247, 0.07), transparent 40%),\n        linear-gradient(180deg, #f7f9fd 0%, #ffffff 100%);\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-intro-inner {\n      display: grid;\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\n      gap: 64px;\n      align-items: center;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-eyebrow {\n      display: inline-flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      gap: 9px;\n      padding: 8px 16px;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      background: #ffffff;\n      border: 1px solid rgba(70, 127, 247, 0.20);\n      color: var(--ols-blue);\n      font-size: 13px;\n      font-weight: 600;\n      box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.06);\n      margin-bottom: 20px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-eyebrow::before {\n      content: \"\";\n      width: 7px;\n      height: 7px;\n      border-radius: 50%;\n      background: var(--ols-blue);\n      box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px rgba(70, 127, 247, 0.14);\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-intro h1 {\n      font-size: clamp(34px, 4.5vw, 64px);\n      font-weight: 800;\n      color: var(--ols-navy);\n      letter-spacing: -0.045em;\n      line-height: 1.08;\n      margin: 0 0 10px;\n      text-shadow: -9px 0 9px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.08);\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-accent-bar {\n      width: 72px;\n      height: 4px;\n      background: var(--ols-blue);\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      margin: 0 0 22px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-intro-lead {\n      font-size: clamp(16px, 1.6vw, 19px);\n      font-weight: 300;\n      color: #11316b;\n      line-height: 1.72;\n      margin: 0;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-info-grid {\n      display: grid;\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\n      gap: 14px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-info-card {\n      background: #ffffff;\n      border: 1px solid var(--ols-border);\n      border-radius: 20px;\n      padding: 20px 22px;\n      box-shadow: var(--ols-shadow-soft);\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-info-card-label {\n      font-size: 11px;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      text-transform: uppercase;\n      letter-spacing: 0.06em;\n      color: var(--ols-muted);\n      margin-bottom: 6px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-info-card-value {\n      font-size: 22px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      color: var(--ols-navy);\n      letter-spacing: -0.03em;\n      line-height: 1.1;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-info-card-sub {\n      font-size: 12px;\n      font-weight: 400;\n      color: var(--ols-muted);\n      margin-top: 3px;\n    }\n\n    \/* =========================================================\n       TOPIC CARDS SECTION\n    ========================================================= *\/\n\n    .ols-t2-topics {\n      padding: 72px 0 80px;\n      background: #ffffff;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-section-header {\n      margin-bottom: 40px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-section-title {\n      font-size: clamp(28px, 3vw, 44px);\n      font-weight: 800;\n      color: var(--ols-navy);\n      letter-spacing: -0.04em;\n      line-height: 1.1;\n      margin: 0 0 10px;\n      text-shadow: -9px 0 9px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.08);\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-section-sub {\n      font-size: 16px;\n      font-weight: 300;\n      color: var(--ols-muted);\n      margin: 0;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-cards-grid {\n      display: grid;\n      grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));\n      gap: 20px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-card {\n      display: flex;\n      flex-direction: column;\n      background: #ffffff;\n      border: 1px solid var(--ols-border);\n      border-radius: 22px;\n      overflow: hidden;\n      box-shadow: var(--ols-shadow-soft);\n      text-decoration: none;\n      color: var(--ols-navy);\n      transition:\n        transform 0.28s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.56, 0.64, 1),\n        box-shadow 0.28s ease,\n        border-color 0.28s ease;\n      position: relative;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-card.ols-t2-card--available:hover {\n      transform: translateY(-10px) scale(1.02);\n      box-shadow: 0 28px 56px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.16);\n      border-color: rgba(70, 127, 247, 0.35);\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-card.ols-t2-card--available:hover .ols-t2-card-img-wrap::after {\n      opacity: 1;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-card-img-wrap {\n      position: relative;\n      width: 100%;\n      aspect-ratio: 4 \/ 3;\n      background: var(--ols-soft-blue);\n      overflow: hidden;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-card-img-wrap::after {\n      content: \"\";\n      position: absolute;\n      inset: 0;\n      background: linear-gradient(180deg, transparent 40%, rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.20) 100%);\n      opacity: 0;\n      transition: opacity 0.28s ease;\n      z-index: 1;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-card-num {\n      position: absolute;\n      top: 12px;\n      left: 12px;\n      width: 32px;\n      height: 32px;\n      border-radius: 50%;\n      background: var(--ols-navy);\n      color: #ffffff;\n      font-size: 13px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      display: flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      justify-content: center;\n      z-index: 3;\n      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.28);\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-card-status {\n      position: absolute;\n      top: 12px;\n      right: 12px;\n      padding: 4px 10px;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      font-size: 10px;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      z-index: 3;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-card-status--available {\n      background: #eaf3de;\n      color: #3B6D11;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-card-body {\n      padding: 18px 18px 22px;\n      flex: 1;\n      display: flex;\n      flex-direction: column;\n      gap: 6px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-card-title {\n      font-size: 14px;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      color: var(--ols-navy);\n      line-height: 1.35;\n      margin: 0;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-card-desc {\n      font-size: 12px;\n      font-weight: 300;\n      color: var(--ols-muted);\n      line-height: 1.6;\n      margin: 0;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-card-cta {\n      display: inline-flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      gap: 5px;\n      margin-top: 10px;\n      font-size: 12px;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      color: var(--ols-blue);\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-card-cta svg {\n      width: 14px;\n      height: 14px;\n      transition: transform 0.2s ease;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-card--available:hover .ols-t2-card-cta svg {\n      transform: translateX(3px);\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-visual {\n      position: absolute;\n      inset: 0;\n      display: flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      justify-content: center;\n      padding: 32px 24px 24px;\n      overflow: hidden;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-visual::before,\n    .ols-t2-visual::after {\n      content: \"\";\n      position: absolute;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      opacity: 0.75;\n      filter: blur(1px);\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-visual::before {\n      width: 170px;\n      height: 170px;\n      left: -58px;\n      bottom: -66px;\n      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.35);\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-visual::after {\n      width: 118px;\n      height: 118px;\n      right: -42px;\n      top: -34px;\n      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.28);\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-visual-panel {\n      position: relative;\n      z-index: 2;\n      width: min(82%, 260px);\n      min-height: 118px;\n      border-radius: 24px;\n      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.45);\n      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.76);\n      box-shadow: 0 18px 38px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.18);\n      backdrop-filter: blur(10px);\n      display: flex;\n      flex-direction: column;\n      align-items: center;\n      justify-content: center;\n      text-align: center;\n      padding: 18px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-visual-kicker {\n      display: inline-flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      justify-content: center;\n      min-height: 25px;\n      padding: 4px 10px;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      background: rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.08);\n      color: var(--ols-navy);\n      font-size: 10px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      text-transform: uppercase;\n      letter-spacing: 0.08em;\n      margin-bottom: 10px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-visual-main {\n      font-size: clamp(24px, 3vw, 34px);\n      font-weight: 800;\n      color: var(--ols-navy);\n      line-height: 1.05;\n      letter-spacing: -0.05em;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-visual-sub {\n      font-size: 11px;\n      font-weight: 500;\n      color: #4b5575;\n      line-height: 1.45;\n      margin-top: 8px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-visual--ionic {\n      background:\n        radial-gradient(circle at 24% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.42), transparent 24%),\n        linear-gradient(135deg, #eef6ff 0%, #8fb9ff 45%, #467FF7 100%);\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-visual--covalent {\n      background:\n        radial-gradient(circle at 22% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.42), transparent 24%),\n        linear-gradient(135deg, #f4ecff 0%, #b997ff 45%, #7356d8 100%);\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-visual--shape {\n      background:\n        radial-gradient(circle at 24% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.42), transparent 24%),\n        linear-gradient(135deg, #eefbf3 0%, #69c98b 45%, #1f7f50 100%);\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-visual--metallic {\n      background:\n        radial-gradient(circle at 22% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.35), transparent 24%),\n        linear-gradient(135deg, #f7f4ed 0%, #b59b75 45%, #4a3623 100%);\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-molecule-row {\n      display: flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      justify-content: center;\n      gap: 9px;\n      margin-top: 11px;\n      flex-wrap: wrap;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-atom {\n      width: 24px;\n      height: 24px;\n      border-radius: 50%;\n      background: #ffffff;\n      border: 1px solid rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.16);\n      box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.12);\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-ion {\n      min-width: 30px;\n      height: 30px;\n      border-radius: 50%;\n      background: #ffffff;\n      border: 1px solid rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.16);\n      box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.12);\n      display: inline-flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      justify-content: center;\n      padding: 0 6px;\n      font-size: 11px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      color: var(--ols-navy);\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-bond {\n      width: 22px;\n      height: 3px;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      background: rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.55);\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-shape {\n      width: 74px;\n      height: 62px;\n      position: relative;\n      margin: 0 auto 12px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-shape span {\n      position: absolute;\n      width: 21px;\n      height: 21px;\n      border-radius: 50%;\n      background: #ffffff;\n      border: 1px solid rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.16);\n      box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.12);\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-shape span:nth-child(1) {\n      left: 27px;\n      top: 20px;\n      background: var(--ols-navy);\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-shape span:nth-child(2) {\n      left: 0;\n      top: 0;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-shape span:nth-child(3) {\n      right: 0;\n      top: 0;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-shape span:nth-child(4) {\n      left: 27px;\n      bottom: 0;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-electron-dot {\n      width: 12px;\n      height: 12px;\n      border-radius: 50%;\n      background: var(--ols-blue);\n      box-shadow: 0 0 0 7px rgba(70, 127, 247, 0.18);\n      margin: 0 auto 14px;\n    }\n\n\n    .ols-t2-visual--polar {\n      background:\n        radial-gradient(circle at 24% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.42), transparent 24%),\n        linear-gradient(135deg, #fff7ed 0%, #f59e0b 45%, #b45309 100%);\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-visual--intermolecular {\n      background:\n        radial-gradient(circle at 24% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.42), transparent 24%),\n        linear-gradient(135deg, #f0f7ff 0%, #38bdf8 45%, #0369a1 100%);\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-visual--structure {\n      background:\n        radial-gradient(circle at 24% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.42), transparent 24%),\n        linear-gradient(135deg, #f5f3ff 0%, #a78bfa 45%, #5b21b6 100%);\n    }\n\n    \/* =========================================================\n       SPECIFICATION SECTION\n    ========================================================= *\/\n\n    .ols-t2-spec-section {\n      padding: 72px 0 88px;\n      background:\n        radial-gradient(circle at top center, rgba(70, 127, 247, 0.06), transparent 38%),\n        linear-gradient(180deg, #f7f9fd 0%, #ffffff 100%);\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-spec-desktop { display: block; }\n    .ols-t2-spec-mobile  { display: none; }\n\n    @media (max-width: 700px) {\n      .ols-t2-spec-desktop { display: none; }\n      .ols-t2-spec-mobile  { display: block; }\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-spec-wrap {\n      background: #ffffff;\n      border: 1px solid var(--ols-border);\n      border-radius: 26px;\n      padding: 36px;\n      box-shadow: var(--ols-shadow-soft);\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-spec-pill {\n      display: inline-flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      padding: 7px 14px;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      background: var(--ols-soft-blue);\n      border: 1px solid rgba(70, 127, 247, 0.20);\n      color: var(--ols-blue);\n      font-size: 12px;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      margin-bottom: 16px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-spec-heading {\n      font-size: clamp(24px, 2.8vw, 36px);\n      font-weight: 800;\n      color: var(--ols-navy);\n      letter-spacing: -0.035em;\n      line-height: 1.12;\n      margin: 0 0 6px;\n      border-left: 5px solid var(--ols-blue);\n      padding-left: 16px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-spec-intro-text {\n      font-size: 16px;\n      font-weight: 300;\n      color: #374151;\n      line-height: 1.8;\n      margin: 14px 0 26px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-spec-group-title {\n      font-size: 20px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      color: var(--ols-navy);\n      line-height: 1.2;\n      margin: 30px 0 14px;\n      letter-spacing: -0.025em;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-spec-group-title:first-of-type {\n      margin-top: 0;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-spec-rows {\n      display: flex;\n      flex-direction: column;\n      gap: 12px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-spec-row {\n      display: flex;\n      flex-wrap: nowrap;\n      align-items: stretch;\n      border-radius: 16px;\n      overflow: hidden;\n      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-spec-row--light { background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid rgba(70, 127, 247, 0.18); }\n    .ols-t2-spec-row--mid   { background: #f0f5ff; border: 1px solid rgba(70, 127, 247, 0.22); }\n\n    .ols-t2-spec-code {\n      flex: 0 0 90px;\n      color: #ffffff;\n      font-size: 18px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      display: flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      justify-content: center;\n      padding: 18px 12px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-spec-code--dark { background: #1C244B; }\n    .ols-t2-spec-code--mid  { background: #2a3a7a; }\n\n    .ols-t2-spec-text {\n      flex: 1;\n      padding: 16px 20px;\n      font-size: 16px;\n      font-weight: 300;\n      line-height: 1.8;\n      color: #374151;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-spec-sub-list {\n      display: flex;\n      flex-direction: column;\n      gap: 10px;\n      margin-top: 12px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-spec-sub-row {\n      display: flex;\n      align-items: stretch;\n      background: #ffffff;\n      border: 1px solid rgba(70, 127, 247, 0.15);\n      border-radius: 12px;\n      overflow: hidden;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-spec-sub-code {\n      flex: 0 0 70px;\n      background: #93b5f8;\n      color: #0c2060;\n      font-size: 14px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      display: flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      justify-content: center;\n      padding: 12px 10px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-spec-sub-text {\n      flex: 1;\n      padding: 12px 16px;\n      font-size: 15px;\n      font-weight: 300;\n      line-height: 1.8;\n      color: #4b5563;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-spec-note {\n      margin-top: 10px;\n      font-size: 14px;\n      font-weight: 300;\n      color: #6b7280;\n      font-style: italic;\n      line-height: 1.7;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-spec-mob-rows {\n      display: flex;\n      flex-direction: column;\n      gap: 12px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-spec-mob-row {\n      border-radius: 16px;\n      overflow: hidden;\n      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-spec-mob-row--light { background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid rgba(70, 127, 247, 0.18); }\n    .ols-t2-spec-mob-row--mid   { background: #f0f5ff; border: 1px solid rgba(70, 127, 247, 0.22); }\n\n    .ols-t2-spec-mob-code {\n      background: #1C244B;\n      color: #ffffff;\n      font-size: 15px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      text-align: center;\n      height: 34px;\n      line-height: 34px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-spec-mob-code--mid { background: #2a3a7a; }\n\n    .ols-t2-spec-mob-text {\n      padding: 16px 18px;\n      font-size: 15px;\n      font-weight: 300;\n      line-height: 1.8;\n      color: #374151;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-spec-mob-sub-list {\n      display: flex;\n      flex-direction: column;\n      gap: 9px;\n      margin-top: 10px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-spec-mob-sub-row {\n      background: #ffffff;\n      border: 1px solid rgba(70, 127, 247, 0.15);\n      border-radius: 12px;\n      overflow: hidden;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-spec-mob-sub-code {\n      background: #93b5f8;\n      color: #0c2060;\n      font-size: 13px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      text-align: center;\n      height: 30px;\n      line-height: 30px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-t2-spec-mob-sub-text {\n      padding: 12px 16px;\n      font-size: 14px;\n      font-weight: 300;\n      line-height: 1.8;\n      color: #4b5563;\n    }\n\n    \/* =========================================================\n       RESPONSIVE\n    ========================================================= *\/\n\n    @media (max-width: 1024px) {\n      .ols-t2-cards-grid {\n        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\n      }\n    }\n\n    @media (max-width: 860px) {\n      .ols-t2-intro-inner {\n        grid-template-columns: 1fr;\n        gap: 40px;\n      }\n    }\n\n    @media (max-width: 640px) {\n      .ols-t2-intro {\n        padding: 24px 0 52px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-t2-topics {\n        padding: 52px 0 58px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-t2-cards-grid {\n        grid-template-columns: 1fr;\n        gap: 14px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-t2-spec-section {\n        padding: 52px 0 64px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-t2-spec-wrap {\n        padding: 24px 18px;\n        border-radius: 20px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-t2-info-grid {\n        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\n      }\n    }\n\n  <\/style>\n\n  <!-- BREADCRUMB BAR - sits above everything -->\n  <div class=\"ols-t2-breadcrumb-bar\">\n    <div class=\"ols-t2-container\">\n      <nav class=\"ols-t2-breadcrumb\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/\">Revision Notes<\/a> \/\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/\">A Level Chemistry<\/a> \/\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/\">Edexcel<\/a> \/\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/\">Topic 2 Bonding and Structure<\/a> \/\n      <span>Shapes of Molecules<\/span>\n    <\/nav>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <!-- INTRO -->\n  <section class=\"ols-t2-intro\">\n    <div class=\"ols-t2-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-t2-intro-inner\">\n\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-eyebrow\">Edexcel A Level Chemistry<\/div>\n          <h1>Shapes of Molecules<\/h1>\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-accent-bar\"><\/div>\n          <p class=\"ols-t2-intro-lead\">\n            Molecular shape depends on the number of bonding pairs and lone pairs around a central atom. These pages separate the key geometries so that students can revise electron-pair repulsion, bond angles and how lone pairs change the final shape.\n          <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"ols-t2-info-grid\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-info-card\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-info-card-label\">Exam Papers<\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-info-card-value\">Paper 1 &amp; 2<\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-info-card-sub\">9CH0\/01 and 9CH0\/02<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-info-card\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-info-card-label\">Specification Points<\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-info-card-value\">2.10 &#8211; 2.12<\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-info-card-sub\">3 points covered<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-info-card\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-info-card-label\">Sub-topics<\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-info-card-value\">11 lessons<\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-info-card-sub\">Revision notes available<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-info-card\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-info-card-label\">Exam Board<\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-info-card-value\">Edexcel<\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-info-card-sub\">Pearson 9CH0<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- TOPIC CARDS -->\n  <section class=\"ols-t2-topics\">\n    <div class=\"ols-t2-container\">\n\n      <div class=\"ols-t2-section-header\">\n        <h2 class=\"ols-t2-section-title\">Revision Notes<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"ols-t2-section-sub\">Work through each part of Edexcel Topic 2 in a structured sequence.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"ols-t2-cards-grid\">\n\n        <!-- Card 1: Linear -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t2-card ols-t2-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/linear\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-visual ols-t2-visual--ionic\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-panel\">\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-kicker\">Shapes of Molecules<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-main\">Linear<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-sub\">two bonding pairs, 180\u00b0<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-card-num\">1<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t2-card-title\">Linear<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t2-card-desc\">Revise linear molecules with two bonding regions around the central atom and a bond angle of 180\u00b0.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t2-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 2: Trigonal Planar -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t2-card ols-t2-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/trigonal-planar\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-visual ols-t2-visual--covalent\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-panel\">\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-kicker\">Shapes of Molecules<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-main\">Trigonal Planar<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-sub\">three bonding pairs, 120\u00b0<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-card-num\">2<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t2-card-title\">Trigonal Planar<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t2-card-desc\">Learn trigonal planar geometry, where three bonding regions arrange at 120\u00b0 around the central atom.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t2-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 3: Tetrahedral -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t2-card ols-t2-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/tetrahedral\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-visual ols-t2-visual--shape\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-panel\">\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-kicker\">Shapes of Molecules<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-main\">Tetrahedral<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-sub\">four bonding pairs, 109.5\u00b0<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-card-num\">3<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t2-card-title\">Tetrahedral<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t2-card-desc\">Revise tetrahedral molecules with four bonding pairs and bond angles of about 109.5\u00b0.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t2-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 4: Trigonal Pyramidal -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t2-card ols-t2-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/trigonal-pyramidal\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-visual ols-t2-visual--polar\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-panel\">\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-kicker\">Shapes of Molecules<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-main\">Trigonal Pyramidal<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-sub\">three bonding pairs, one lone pair, 107\u00b0<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-card-num\">4<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t2-card-title\">Trigonal Pyramidal<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t2-card-desc\">Understand how one lone pair changes a tetrahedral electron-pair arrangement into a trigonal pyramidal shape.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t2-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 5: Bent -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t2-card ols-t2-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/bent\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-visual ols-t2-visual--metallic\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-panel\">\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-kicker\">Shapes of Molecules<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-main\">Bent<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-sub\">two bonding pairs, two lone pairs, 104.5\u00b0<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-card-num\">5<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t2-card-title\">Bent<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t2-card-desc\">Learn how lone pairs compress bond angles and produce bent or V-shaped molecules such as H\u2082O.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t2-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 6: Trigonal Bipyramidal -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t2-card ols-t2-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/trigonal-bipyramidal\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-visual ols-t2-visual--intermolecular\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-panel\">\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-kicker\">Shapes of Molecules<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-main\">Trigonal Bipyramidal<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-sub\">five bonding pairs, 120\u00b0 and 90\u00b0<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-card-num\">6<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t2-card-title\">Trigonal Bipyramidal<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t2-card-desc\">Revise five-region electron-pair geometry with axial and equatorial positions.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t2-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 7: Octahedral -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t2-card ols-t2-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/octahedral\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-visual ols-t2-visual--structure\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-panel\">\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-kicker\">Shapes of Molecules<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-main\">Octahedral<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-sub\">six bonding pairs, 90\u00b0<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-card-num\">7<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t2-card-title\">Octahedral<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t2-card-desc\">Learn octahedral geometry, where six bonding regions arrange at 90\u00b0 around the central atom.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t2-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 8: Square Planar -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t2-card ols-t2-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/square-planar\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-visual ols-t2-visual--ionic\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-panel\">\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-kicker\">Shapes of Molecules<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-main\">Square Planar<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-sub\">four bonding pairs, two lone pairs, 90\u00b0<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-card-num\">8<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t2-card-title\">Square Planar<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t2-card-desc\">Revise square planar shapes formed from octahedral electron-pair arrangements with two opposite lone pairs.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t2-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 9: Square Pyramidal -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t2-card ols-t2-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/square-pyramidal\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-visual ols-t2-visual--covalent\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-panel\">\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-kicker\">Shapes of Molecules<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-main\">Square Pyramidal<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-sub\">five bonding pairs, one lone pair<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-card-num\">9<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t2-card-title\">Square Pyramidal<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t2-card-desc\">Understand square pyramidal molecules and how one lone pair affects an octahedral arrangement.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t2-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 10: Distorted T -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t2-card ols-t2-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/distorted-t\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-visual ols-t2-visual--shape\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-panel\">\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-kicker\">Shapes of Molecules<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-main\">Distorted T<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-sub\">three bonding pairs, two lone pairs<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-card-num\">10<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t2-card-title\">Distorted T<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t2-card-desc\">Learn distorted T-shaped molecules where lone pairs alter the arrangement of bonding pairs around the central atom.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t2-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 11: SeeSaw -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t2-card ols-t2-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/seesaw\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-visual ols-t2-visual--polar\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-panel\">\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-kicker\">Shapes of Molecules<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-main\">SeeSaw<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t2-visual-sub\">four bonding pairs, one lone pair<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-card-num\">11<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t2-card-title\">SeeSaw<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t2-card-desc\">Revise seesaw shapes formed from trigonal bipyramidal electron-pair arrangements with one lone pair.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t2-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- SPECIFICATION -->\n  <!-- OLS-SMAP -->\n<style>\r\n.ols-smap{--sm-navy:#1C244B;--sm-blue:#467FF7;--sm-teal:#0f8b8d;--sm-muted:#5f6b84;--sm-border:#e3e8f2;margin:44px auto 8px;max-width:1140px;padding:0 20px;font-family:inherit}\r\n.ols-smap-head{display:flex;align-items:baseline;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 18px}\r\n.ols-smap-head h2{font-size:clamp(22px,2.6vw,28px);font-weight:800;color:var(--sm-navy);margin:0;letter-spacing:-.01em}\r\n.ols-smap-head p{margin:0;color:var(--sm-muted);font-size:14px}\r\n.ols-smap-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(min(100%,460px),1fr));gap:20px}\r\n.ols-smap-card{display:grid;grid-template-columns:150px 1fr;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--sm-border);border-radius:22px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 10px 28px rgba(28,36,75,.08);transition:transform .28s cubic-bezier(.34,1.56,.64,1),box-shadow .28s ease,border-color .28s ease}\r\n.ols-smap-card:hover{transform:translateY(-6px);box-shadow:0 24px 48px rgba(28,36,75,.14);border-color:rgba(70,127,247,.35)}\r\n.ols-smap-vis{background:linear-gradient(160deg,#1C244B 0%,#2d3c7a 100%);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:14px}\r\n.ols-smap-vis svg{width:100%;max-width:118px;height:auto;display:block}\r\n.ols-smap-body{padding:18px 20px 20px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:6px;min-width:0}\r\n.ols-smap-kicker{font-size:11px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--sm-teal)}\r\n.ols-smap-title{font-size:17px;font-weight:800;color:var(--sm-navy);margin:0;line-height:1.25}\r\n.ols-smap-board{font-size:12.5px;color:var(--sm-muted);margin:0}\r\n.ols-smap-desc{font-size:14px;color:#33405e;margin:4px 0 0;line-height:1.5}\r\n.ols-smap-row{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:10px}\r\n.ols-smap-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;background:var(--sm-navy);color:#fff !important;text-decoration:none !important;font-weight:700;font-size:14px;padding:10px 18px;border-radius:999px;transition:background .2s ease,transform .2s ease}\r\n.ols-smap-btn:hover{background:var(--sm-blue);transform:translateY(-1px)}\r\n.ols-smap-btn svg{width:16px;height:16px}\r\n.ols-smap-meta{font-size:12px;color:var(--sm-muted)}\r\n.ols-smap-note{font-size:11.5px;color:var(--sm-muted);margin:14px 0 0;text-align:center}\r\n@media (max-width:560px){.ols-smap{padding:0 16px;margin-top:32px}.ols-smap-card{grid-template-columns:76px 1fr}.ols-smap-vis{padding:8px}.ols-smap-vis svg{max-width:60px}.ols-smap-body{padding:14px 14px 16px}.ols-smap-title{font-size:16px}.ols-smap-desc{font-size:13.5px}.ols-smap-btn{padding:9px 15px;font-size:13.5px}}\r\n<\/style><section class=\"ols-smap\" aria-label=\"Summary map\"><div class=\"ols-smap-head\"><h2>Summary map<\/h2><p>Download, print and revise the key facts of this topic at a glance.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"ols-smap-grid\"><article class=\"ols-smap-card\"><div class=\"ols-smap-vis\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 120 120\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><g fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#ffffff\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"><circle cx=\"60\" cy=\"60\" r=\"17\"\/><path d=\"M60 43V20M60 77v23M43 60H20M77 60h23M48 48 32 32M72 48l16-16M48 72 32 88M72 72l16 16\"\/><\/g><g fill=\"#ffffff\"><path d=\"M60 16l-4 7h8zM60 104l-4-7h8zM16 60l7-4v8zM104 60l-7-4v8zM29 29l2.5 7.5 5-5zM91 29l-7.5 2.5 5 5zM29 91l7.5-2.5-5-5zM91 91l-2.5-7.5-5 5z\"\/><\/g><g fill=\"#5fd0c9\"><circle cx=\"60\" cy=\"11\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"109\" cy=\"60\" r=\"3\"\/><\/g><g fill=\"#f2c14e\"><circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"60\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"96\" cy=\"96\" r=\"3\"\/><\/g><g fill=\"#9db8ff\"><circle cx=\"24\" cy=\"24\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"60\" cy=\"109\" r=\"3\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"ols-smap-body\"><span class=\"ols-smap-kicker\">Summary map \u00b7 PDF<\/span><p class=\"ols-smap-title\">Shapes of Molecules Map<\/p><p class=\"ols-smap-board\">Edexcel A Level Chemistry \u00b7 Topic 2 Bonding and Structure \u00b7 Shapes of Molecules<\/p><p class=\"ols-smap-desc\">The whole section on one A4 page: electron-pair repulsion, every shape from two to six pairs, lone pairs, related species and polar molecules.<\/p><div class=\"ols-smap-row\"><a class=\"ols-smap-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/ols-maps\/map-dom-2-shapes.pdf\" download rel=\"nofollow\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M8 2v8M4.5 6.5 8 10l3.5-3.5M3 13h10\"\/><\/svg>Download the map<\/a><span class=\"ols-smap-meta\">6 key ideas + a table of shapes \u00b7 A4 portrait \u00b7 print ready<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><p class=\"ols-smap-note\">\u00a9 2026 Online Learning System. For personal study: printing is allowed; editing, copying and redistribution are not.<\/p><\/section>\n<!-- \/OLS-SMAP -->\n<section class=\"ols-t2-spec-section\">\n    <div class=\"ols-t2-container\">\n\n      <!-- DESKTOP SPECIFICATION -->\n      <div class=\"ols-t2-spec-desktop\">\n        <div class=\"ols-t2-spec-wrap\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-spec-pill\">Specification Coverage<\/div>\n          <h2 class=\"ols-t2-spec-heading\">Shapes of Molecules &#8211; Edexcel A Level Chemistry<\/h2>\n          <p class=\"ols-t2-spec-intro-text\">The following specification points outline the knowledge and skills students are expected to demonstrate for Topic 2.<\/p>\n\n          <h3 class=\"ols-t2-spec-group-title\">2A: Bonding<\/h3>\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-spec-rows\">\n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-spec-row ols-t2-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t2-spec-code ols-t2-spec-code--dark\">2.10<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t2-spec-text\">understand that the shape of a simple molecule or ion is determined by the repulsion between the electron pairs that surround a central atom<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-spec-row ols-t2-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t2-spec-code ols-t2-spec-code--dark\">2.11<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t2-spec-text\">understand reasons for the shapes of, and bond angles in, simple molecules and ions with up to six outer pairs of electrons, any combination of bonding pairs and lone pairs. Examples should include BeCl<sub>2<\/sub>, BCl<sub>3<\/sub>, CH<sub>4<\/sub>, NH<sub>3<\/sub>, NH<sub>4<\/sub><sup>+<\/sup>, H<sub>2<\/sub>O, CO<sub>2<\/sub>, PCl<sub>5<\/sub>(g) and SF<sub>6<\/sub>(g) and related molecules and ions; as well as simple organic molecules in this specification.<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-spec-row ols-t2-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t2-spec-code ols-t2-spec-code--dark\">2.12<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t2-spec-text\">be able to predict the shapes of, and bond angles in, simple molecules and ions analogous to those specified above using electron-pair repulsion theory<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <!-- MOBILE SPECIFICATION -->\n      <div class=\"ols-t2-spec-mobile\">\n        <div class=\"ols-t2-spec-wrap\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-spec-pill\">Specification Coverage<\/div>\n          <h2 class=\"ols-t2-spec-heading\">Shapes of Molecules &#8211; Edexcel A Level Chemistry<\/h2>\n          <p class=\"ols-t2-spec-intro-text\">The following specification points outline the knowledge and skills students are expected to demonstrate for Topic 2.<\/p>\n\n          <h3 class=\"ols-t2-spec-group-title\">2A: Bonding<\/h3>\n          <div class=\"ols-t2-spec-mob-rows\">\n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-spec-mob-row ols-t2-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t2-spec-mob-code\">2.10<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t2-spec-mob-text\">understand that the shape of a simple molecule or ion is determined by the repulsion between the electron pairs that surround a central atom<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-spec-mob-row ols-t2-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t2-spec-mob-code\">2.11<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t2-spec-mob-text\">understand reasons for the shapes of, and bond angles in, simple molecules and ions with up to six outer pairs of electrons, any combination of bonding pairs and lone pairs. Examples should include BeCl<sub>2<\/sub>, BCl<sub>3<\/sub>, CH<sub>4<\/sub>, NH<sub>3<\/sub>, NH<sub>4<\/sub><sup>+<\/sup>, H<sub>2<\/sub>O, CO<sub>2<\/sub>, PCl<sub>5<\/sub>(g) and SF<sub>6<\/sub>(g) and related molecules and ions; as well as simple organic molecules in this specification.<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"ols-t2-spec-mob-row ols-t2-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t2-spec-mob-code\">2.12<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t2-spec-mob-text\">be able to predict the shapes of, and bond angles in, simple molecules and ions analogous to those specified above using electron-pair repulsion theory<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n            \n\n          <\/div>\n\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@graph\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"WebPage\",\n      \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/#webpage\",\n      \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/\",\n      \"name\": \"Shapes of Molecules\",\n      \"inLanguage\": \"en-GB\",\n      \"breadcrumb\": {\n        \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/#breadcrumb\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"BreadcrumbList\",\n      \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/#breadcrumb\",\n      \"itemListElement\": [\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 1,\n          \"name\": \"Revision Notes\",\n          \"item\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/\"\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 2,\n          \"name\": \"A Level Chemistry\",\n          \"item\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/\"\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 3,\n          \"name\": \"Edexcel\",\n          \"item\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/\"\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 4,\n          \"name\": \"Topic 2 Bonding and Structure\",\n          \"item\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/\"\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 5,\n          \"name\": \"Shapes of Molecules\",\n          \"item\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/\"\n        }\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"ItemList\",\n      \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/#pages\",\n      \"name\": \"Shapes of Molecules revision notes\",\n      \"itemListElement\": [\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 1,\n          \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/linear\/\",\n          \"name\": \"Linear\"\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 2,\n          \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/trigonal-planar\/\",\n          \"name\": \"Trigonal Planar\"\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 3,\n          \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/tetrahedral\/\",\n          \"name\": \"Tetrahedral\"\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 4,\n          \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/trigonal-pyramidal\/\",\n          \"name\": \"Trigonal Pyramidal\"\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 5,\n          \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/bent\/\",\n          \"name\": \"Bent\"\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 6,\n          \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/trigonal-bipyramidal\/\",\n          \"name\": \"Trigonal Bipyramidal\"\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 7,\n          \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/octahedral\/\",\n          \"name\": \"Octahedral\"\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 8,\n          \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/square-planar\/\",\n          \"name\": \"Square Planar\"\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 9,\n          \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/square-pyramidal\/\",\n          \"name\": \"Square Pyramidal\"\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 10,\n          \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/distorted-t\/\",\n          \"name\": \"Distorted T\"\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 11,\n          \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-2-bonding-and-structure\/shapes-of-molecules\/seesaw\/\",\n          \"name\": \"SeeSaw\"\n        }\n      ]\n    }\n  ]\n}\n<\/script>\n\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Revision Notes \/ A Level Chemistry \/ Edexcel \/ Topic 2 Bonding and Structure \/ Shapes of Molecules Edexcel A Level Chemistry Shapes of Molecules Molecular shape depends on the number of bonding pairs and lone pairs around a central atom. These pages separate the key geometries so that students can revise electron-pair repulsion, bond [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":4498,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4572","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4572","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4572"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4572\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4498"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4572"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}