{"id":4695,"date":"2026-06-01T12:06:16","date_gmt":"2026-06-01T11:06:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/halogenoalkanes\/"},"modified":"2026-10-25T00:49:59","modified_gmt":"2026-10-24T23:49:59","slug":"halogenoalkanes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/halogenoalkanes\/","title":{"rendered":"Halogenoalkanes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"ols-t6-page\">\n\n  <aside class=\"ols-sidebar\">\r\n  <div class=\"ols-sidebar-header\">\r\n    <h3>Revision Notes<\/h3>\r\n    <p>A Level Chemistry<\/p>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\r\n    <h4>Topic 6 Organic Chemistry I<\/h4>\r\n\r\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/\">Introduction to Organic Chemistry<\/a>\r\n\r\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/iupac-rules\/\">IUPAC Rules<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/alkene\/\">Alkene<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/alcohol\/\">Alcohol<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/halogenoalkanes\/\">Halogenoalkanes<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/aldehyde\/\">Aldehyde<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/ketone\/\">Ketone<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/carboxylic-acid\/\">Carboxylic Acid<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/ester\/\">Ester<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/isomerism\/\">Isomerism<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/\">Alkanes<\/a>\r\n\r\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/crude-oil\/\">Alkanes from Crude Oil<\/a>\r\n\r\n            <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/crude-oil\/fractional-distillation\/\">Fractional Distillation<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/crude-oil\/cracking\/\">Cracking<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/crude-oil\/reforming\/\">Reforming<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n            <\/ul>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/fuel\/\">Alkanes as Fuel<\/a>\r\n\r\n            <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/fuel\/combustion\/\">Combustion<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/fuel\/oxides-of-sulfur\/\">Oxides of Sulfur<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/fuel\/oxides-of-nitrogen\/\">Oxides of Nitrogen<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/fuel\/catalytic-converter\/\">Catalytic Converter<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n            <\/ul>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/alternative-fuel\/\">Alternative Fuel<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/\">Reactions of Alkanes<\/a>\r\n\r\n            <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/free-radical-substitution\/\">Free Radical Substitution<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/initiation\/\">Initiation<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/propagation\/\">Propagation<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/termination\/\">Termination<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/further-substitution\/\">Further Substitution<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n            <\/ul>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/\">Alkenes<\/a>\r\n\r\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/alkene-bonding\/\">Alkene Bonding<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/geometric-isomerism\/\">Geometric Isomerism<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/electrophilic-addition-mechanism\/\">Electrophilic Addition Mechanism<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/\">Reactions of Alkenes<\/a>\r\n\r\n            <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/halogens\/\">Halogens<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/hydrogen-halide\/\">Hydrogen Halide<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/bromine-water\/\">Bromine Water<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/hydrogen\/\">Hydrogen<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/steam\/\">Steam<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/kmno4\/\">KMnO4<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n            <\/ul>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/polymerisation-reactions\/\">Polymerisation Reactions<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/polymer-waste\/\">Polymer Waste<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/halogenoalkanes\/\">Halogenoalkanes<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alcohols\/\">Alcohols<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n    <\/ul>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\r\n    <h4>Next Topics<\/h4>\r\n\r\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-7-modern-analytical-techniques-i\/\">Topic 7 Modern Analytical Techniques I<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-5-formulae-equations-and-amounts-of-substance\/\">Topic 5 Formulae, Equations &amp; Amounts<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-4-inorganic-chemistry-and-the-periodic-table\/\">Topic 4 Inorganic Chemistry &amp; The Periodic Table<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n    <\/ul>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/aside>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function() {\r\n  function normalisePath(path) {\r\n    return String(path || '')\r\n      .split('?')[0]\r\n      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24px 0 52px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-t6-topics {\n        padding: 52px 0 58px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-t6-cards-grid,\n      .ols-t6-tree-grid {\n        grid-template-columns: 1fr;\n        gap: 14px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-t6-spec-section {\n        padding: 52px 0 64px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-t6-spec-wrap {\n        padding: 24px 18px;\n        border-radius: 20px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-t6-info-grid {\n        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\n      }\n    }\n\n  <\/style>\n\n  <!-- BREADCRUMB BAR - sits above everything -->\n  <div class=\"ols-t6-breadcrumb-bar\">\n    <div class=\"ols-t6-container\">\n      <nav class=\"ols-t6-breadcrumb\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/\">Revision Notes<\/a> \/\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/\">A Level Chemistry<\/a> \/\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/\">Edexcel<\/a> \/\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/\">Topic 6 Organic Chemistry I<\/a> \/\n      <span>Halogenoalkanes<\/span>\n    <\/nav>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <!-- INTRO -->\n  <section class=\"ols-t6-intro\">\n    <div class=\"ols-t6-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-t6-intro-inner\">\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-eyebrow\">Edexcel A Level Chemistry<\/div>\n          <h1>Halogenoalkanes<\/h1>\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-accent-bar\"><\/div>\n          <p class=\"ols-t6-intro-lead\">\n            Halogenoalkanes have a polar carbon\u2013halogen bond that nucleophiles attack.\n          <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"ols-t6-info-grid\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-label\">Exam Papers<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-value\">Paper 2<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-sub\">9CH0\/02<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-label\">Specification Points<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-value\">6.5 &#8211; 6.36<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-sub\">10 points covered<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-label\">Sub-topics<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-value\">5 lessons<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-sub\">Revision notes available<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-label\">Exam Board<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-value\">Edexcel<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-sub\">Pearson 9CH0<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- TOPIC CARDS -->\n  <section class=\"ols-t6-topics\">\n    <div class=\"ols-t6-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-t6-section-header\">\n        <h2 class=\"ols-t6-section-title\">Revision Notes<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"ols-t6-section-sub\">Work through each part of Edexcel Topic 6 in a structured sequence.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"ols-t6-cards-grid\">\n\n        <!-- Card 1: Reaction Types, Mechanisms and Nucleophiles -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t6-card ols-t6-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/halogenoalkanes\/reaction-types-mechanisms-and-nucleophiles\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t6-visual ols-t6-visual--covalent\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-panel\">\n                  <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-kicker\">Seven types<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-main\">Reaction Types and Mechanisms<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-sub\">curly arrows, nucleophiles<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t6-card-num\">1<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t6-card-title\">Reaction Types, Mechanisms and Nucleophiles<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t6-card-desc\">Organic reaction types and mechanisms: addition, elimination, substitution, oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, polymerisation, curly arrows, heterolytic fission, electrophiles, nucleophiles and bond polarity.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t6-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 2: Halogenoalkanes: Naming, Classification and the C\u2013X Bond -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t6-card ols-t6-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/halogenoalkanes\/halogenoalkanes-naming-classification-and-bonding\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t6-visual ols-t6-visual--slate\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-panel\">\n                  <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-kicker\">C\u2013X bond<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-main\">Halogenoalkanes and Bonding<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-sub\">\u03b4+ carbon, bond enthalpy<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t6-card-num\">2<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t6-card-title\">Halogenoalkanes: Naming, Classification and the C\u2013X Bond<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t6-card-desc\">Halogenoalkanes: nomenclature and formulae, primary, secondary and tertiary, the polar carbon\u2013halogen bond, bond enthalpies and uses.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t6-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 3: Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t6-card ols-t6-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/halogenoalkanes\/nucleophilic-substitution-reactions\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t6-visual ols-t6-visual--shape\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-panel\">\n                  <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-kicker\">Lone pair attacks \u03b4+<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-main\">Nucleophilic Substitution<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-sub\">OH\u207b, H\u2082O, NH\u2083, CN\u207b<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t6-card-num\">3<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t6-card-title\">Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t6-card-desc\">Nucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkanes: hydroxide, water, ammonia and cyanide as nucleophiles, conditions, products and the curly-arrow mechanism.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t6-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 4: Elimination Reactions of Halogenoalkanes -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t6-card ols-t6-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/halogenoalkanes\/elimination-reactions-of-halogenoalkanes\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t6-visual ols-t6-visual--amber\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-panel\">\n                  <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-kicker\">OH\u207b as a base<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-main\">Elimination Reactions<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-sub\">ethanolic KOH, alkenes<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t6-card-num\">4<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t6-card-title\">Elimination Reactions of Halogenoalkanes<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t6-card-desc\">Elimination of halogenoalkanes: ethanolic KOH, hydroxide as a base, alkene products and isomers, substitution versus elimination.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t6-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 5: Rates of Hydrolysis and Bond Enthalpy -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t6-card ols-t6-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/halogenoalkanes\/rates-of-hydrolysis-and-bond-enthalpy\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t6-visual ols-t6-visual--teal\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-panel\">\n                  <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-kicker\">AgNO\u2083 in ethanol<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-main\">Rates of Hydrolysis<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-sub\">white, cream, yellow<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t6-card-num\">5<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t6-card-title\">Rates of Hydrolysis and Bond Enthalpy<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t6-card-desc\">Rates of hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes: the silver nitrate experiment, precipitate colours, bond enthalpy trend for C\u2013Cl, C\u2013Br and C\u2013I, and primary, secondary and tertiary comparison.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t6-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <!-- SPECIFICATION SECTION -->\n  \n  <!-- OLS-SMAP -->\n<style>\r\n.ols-smap{--sm-navy:#1C244B;--sm-blue:#467FF7;--sm-teal:#0f8b8d;--sm-muted:#5f6b84;--sm-border:#e3e8f2;margin:44px auto 8px;max-width:1140px;padding:0 20px;font-family:inherit}\r\n.ols-smap-head{display:flex;align-items:baseline;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 18px}\r\n.ols-smap-head h2{font-size:clamp(22px,2.6vw,28px);font-weight:800;color:var(--sm-navy);margin:0;letter-spacing:-.01em}\r\n.ols-smap-head p{margin:0;color:var(--sm-muted);font-size:14px}\r\n.ols-smap-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(min(100%,460px),1fr));gap:20px}\r\n.ols-smap-card{display:grid;grid-template-columns:150px 1fr;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--sm-border);border-radius:22px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 10px 28px rgba(28,36,75,.08);transition:transform .28s cubic-bezier(.34,1.56,.64,1),box-shadow .28s ease,border-color .28s ease}\r\n.ols-smap-card:hover{transform:translateY(-6px);box-shadow:0 24px 48px rgba(28,36,75,.14);border-color:rgba(70,127,247,.35)}\r\n.ols-smap-vis{background:linear-gradient(160deg,#1C244B 0%,#2d3c7a 100%);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:14px}\r\n.ols-smap-vis svg{width:100%;max-width:118px;height:auto;display:block}\r\n.ols-smap-body{padding:18px 20px 20px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:6px;min-width:0}\r\n.ols-smap-kicker{font-size:11px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--sm-teal)}\r\n.ols-smap-title{font-size:17px;font-weight:800;color:var(--sm-navy);margin:0;line-height:1.25}\r\n.ols-smap-board{font-size:12.5px;color:var(--sm-muted);margin:0}\r\n.ols-smap-desc{font-size:14px;color:#33405e;margin:4px 0 0;line-height:1.5}\r\n.ols-smap-row{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:10px}\r\n.ols-smap-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;background:var(--sm-navy);color:#fff !important;text-decoration:none !important;font-weight:700;font-size:14px;padding:10px 18px;border-radius:999px;transition:background .2s ease,transform .2s ease}\r\n.ols-smap-btn:hover{background:var(--sm-blue);transform:translateY(-1px)}\r\n.ols-smap-btn svg{width:16px;height:16px}\r\n.ols-smap-meta{font-size:12px;color:var(--sm-muted)}\r\n.ols-smap-note{font-size:11.5px;color:var(--sm-muted);margin:14px 0 0;text-align:center}\r\n@media (max-width:560px){.ols-smap{padding:0 16px;margin-top:32px}.ols-smap-card{grid-template-columns:76px 1fr}.ols-smap-vis{padding:8px}.ols-smap-vis svg{max-width:60px}.ols-smap-body{padding:14px 14px 16px}.ols-smap-title{font-size:16px}.ols-smap-desc{font-size:13.5px}.ols-smap-btn{padding:9px 15px;font-size:13.5px}}\r\n<\/style><section class=\"ols-smap\" aria-label=\"Synthesis maps\"><div class=\"ols-smap-head\"><h2>Synthesis maps<\/h2><p>Download, print and revise the reactions of this topic at a glance.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"ols-smap-grid\"><article class=\"ols-smap-card\"><div class=\"ols-smap-vis\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 120 120\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><g fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#ffffff\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"><circle cx=\"60\" cy=\"60\" r=\"17\"\/><path d=\"M60 43V20M60 77v23M43 60H20M77 60h23M48 48 32 32M72 48l16-16M48 72 32 88M72 72l16 16\"\/><\/g><g fill=\"#ffffff\"><path d=\"M60 16l-4 7h8zM60 104l-4-7h8zM16 60l7-4v8zM104 60l-7-4v8zM29 29l2.5 7.5 5-5zM91 29l-7.5 2.5 5 5zM29 91l7.5-2.5-5-5zM91 91l-2.5-7.5-5 5z\"\/><\/g><g fill=\"#5fd0c9\"><circle cx=\"60\" cy=\"11\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"109\" cy=\"60\" r=\"3\"\/><\/g><g fill=\"#f2c14e\"><circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"60\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"96\" cy=\"96\" r=\"3\"\/><\/g><g fill=\"#9db8ff\"><circle cx=\"24\" cy=\"24\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"60\" cy=\"109\" r=\"3\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"ols-smap-body\"><span class=\"ols-smap-kicker\">Synthesis map \u00b7 PDF<\/span><p class=\"ols-smap-title\">Halogenoalkanes Map<\/p><p class=\"ols-smap-board\">Edexcel A Level Chemistry \u00b7 Topic 6D Halogenoalkanes<\/p><p class=\"ols-smap-desc\">Every reaction on one A4 page: reagents, conditions and reaction type for each arrow, colour coded, with the key tests.<\/p><div class=\"ols-smap-row\"><a class=\"ols-smap-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/ols-maps\/map-dom-6d-halogenoalkanes.pdf\" download rel=\"nofollow\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M8 2v8M4.5 6.5 8 10l3.5-3.5M3 13h10\"\/><\/svg>Download the map<\/a><span class=\"ols-smap-meta\">7 reactions \u00b7 A4 landscape \u00b7 print ready<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"ols-smap-card\"><div class=\"ols-smap-vis\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 120 120\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><g fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#ffffff\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"><circle cx=\"60\" cy=\"60\" r=\"17\"\/><path d=\"M60 43V20M60 77v23M43 60H20M77 60h23M48 48 32 32M72 48l16-16M48 72 32 88M72 72l16 16\"\/><\/g><g fill=\"#ffffff\"><path d=\"M60 16l-4 7h8zM60 104l-4-7h8zM16 60l7-4v8zM104 60l-7-4v8zM29 29l2.5 7.5 5-5zM91 29l-7.5 2.5 5 5zM29 91l7.5-2.5-5-5zM91 91l-2.5-7.5-5 5z\"\/><\/g><g fill=\"#5fd0c9\"><circle cx=\"60\" cy=\"11\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"109\" cy=\"60\" r=\"3\"\/><\/g><g fill=\"#f2c14e\"><circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"60\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"96\" cy=\"96\" r=\"3\"\/><\/g><g fill=\"#9db8ff\"><circle cx=\"24\" cy=\"24\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"60\" cy=\"109\" r=\"3\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"ols-smap-body\"><span class=\"ols-smap-kicker\">Summary map \u00b7 PDF<\/span><p class=\"ols-smap-title\">Halogenoalkanes Summary Map<\/p><p class=\"ols-smap-board\">Edexcel A Level Chemistry \u00b7 Topic 6 Organic Chemistry I \u00b7 6D Halogenoalkanes<\/p><p class=\"ols-smap-desc\">The whole section on one A4 page: reaction types and nucleophiles, names and classes, substitution by hydroxide, water, ammonia and cyanide, elimination, and rates of hydrolysis.<\/p><div class=\"ols-smap-row\"><a class=\"ols-smap-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/ols-maps\/map-dom-6d-halogenoalkanes-summary.pdf\" download rel=\"nofollow\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M8 2v8M4.5 6.5 8 10l3.5-3.5M3 13h10\"\/><\/svg>Download the map<\/a><span class=\"ols-smap-meta\">6 key ideas + a data table \u00b7 A4 portrait \u00b7 print ready<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><p class=\"ols-smap-note\">\u00a9 2026 Online Learning System. For personal study: printing is allowed; editing, copying and redistribution are not.<\/p><\/section>\n<!-- \/OLS-SMAP -->\n<section class=\"ols-t6-spec-section\">\n    <div class=\"ols-t6-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-desktop\">\n        <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-wrap\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-pill\">Specification Coverage<\/div>\n          <h2 class=\"ols-t6-spec-heading\">Halogenoalkanes &#8211; Edexcel A Level Chemistry<\/h2>\n          <p class=\"ols-t6-spec-intro-text\">The following specification points outline the knowledge and skills students are expected to demonstrate for Topic 6.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ols-t6-spec-group-title\">6A: Introduction to organic chemistry<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-rows\">\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.5<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">be able to classify reactions as addition, elimination, substitution, oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis or polymerisation<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"ols-t6-spec-group-title\">6C: Alkenes<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-rows\">\n\n\n\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.21<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">know what is meant by the term electrophile<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.23<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">understand that heterolytic bond fission of a covalent bond results in the formation of ions<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"ols-t6-spec-group-title\">6D: Halogenoalkanes<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-rows\">\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.30<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">know that halogenoalkanes can be classified as primary, secondary or tertiary<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.31<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">understand what is meant by the term nucleophile<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--mid\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--mid\">6.32<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">understand the reactions of halogenoalkanes with:<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">i<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">aqueous potassium hydroxide to produce alcohols, where the hydroxide ion acts as a nucleophile<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">ii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">aqueous silver nitrate in ethanol, where water acts as a nucleophile<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">iii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">potassium cyanide to produce nitriles, where the cyanide ion acts as a nucleophile<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">iv<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">ammonia to produce primary amines, where the ammonia molecule acts as a nucleophile<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">v<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">ethanolic potassium hydroxide to produce alkenes, where the hydroxide ion acts as a base<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.33<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">understand that experimental observations and data can be used to compare the relative rates of hydrolysis of primary, secondary and tertiary halogenoalkanes, and chloro-, bromo-, and iodoalkanes, using aqueous silver nitrate in ethanol. Core Practical 4: Investigation of the rates of hydrolysis of some halogenoalkanes.<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.34<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">know the trend in reactivity of primary, secondary and tertiary halogenoalkanes<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.35<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">understand, in terms of bond enthalpy, the trend in reactivity of chloro-, bromo-, and iodoalkanes<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.36<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">understand the mechanisms of the nucleophilic substitution reactions between primary halogenoalkanes and aqueous potassium hydroxide, and ammonia<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mobile\">\n        <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-wrap\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-pill\">Specification Coverage<\/div>\n          <h2 class=\"ols-t6-spec-heading\">Halogenoalkanes &#8211; Edexcel A Level Chemistry<\/h2>\n          <p class=\"ols-t6-spec-intro-text\">The following specification points outline the knowledge and skills students are expected to demonstrate for Topic 6.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ols-t6-spec-group-title\">6A: Introduction to organic chemistry<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-rows\">\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.5<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">be able to classify reactions as addition, elimination, substitution, oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis or polymerisation<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"ols-t6-spec-group-title\">6C: Alkenes<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-rows\">\n\n\n\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.21<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">know what is meant by the term electrophile<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.23<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">understand that heterolytic bond fission of a covalent bond results in the formation of ions<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"ols-t6-spec-group-title\">6D: Halogenoalkanes<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-rows\">\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.30<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">know that halogenoalkanes can be classified as primary, secondary or tertiary<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.31<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">understand what is meant by the term nucleophile<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--mid\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code ols-t6-spec-mob-code--mid\">6.32<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">understand the reactions of halogenoalkanes with:<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">i<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">aqueous potassium hydroxide to produce alcohols, where the hydroxide ion acts as a nucleophile<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">ii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">aqueous silver nitrate in ethanol, where water acts as a nucleophile<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">iii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">potassium cyanide to produce nitriles, where the cyanide ion acts as a nucleophile<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">iv<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">ammonia to produce primary amines, where the ammonia molecule acts as a nucleophile<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">v<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">ethanolic potassium hydroxide to produce alkenes, where the hydroxide ion acts as a base<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.33<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">understand that experimental observations and data can be used to compare the relative rates of hydrolysis of primary, secondary and tertiary halogenoalkanes, and chloro-, bromo-, and iodoalkanes, using aqueous silver nitrate in ethanol. Core Practical 4: Investigation of the rates of hydrolysis of some halogenoalkanes.<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.34<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">know the trend in reactivity of primary, secondary and tertiary halogenoalkanes<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.35<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">understand, in terms of bond enthalpy, the trend in reactivity of chloro-, bromo-, and iodoalkanes<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.36<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">understand the mechanisms of the nucleophilic substitution reactions between primary halogenoalkanes and aqueous potassium hydroxide, and ammonia<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@graph\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"WebPage\",\n      \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/halogenoalkanes\/#webpage\",\n      \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/halogenoalkanes\/\",\n      \"name\": \"Halogenoalkanes\",\n      \"inLanguage\": \"en-GB\",\n      \"breadcrumb\": {\n        \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/halogenoalkanes\/#breadcrumb\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"BreadcrumbList\",\n      \"@id\": 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have a polar carbon\u2013halogen bond that nucleophiles attack. 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