{"id":4826,"date":"2026-06-03T06:24:31","date_gmt":"2026-06-03T05:24:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/fuel\/"},"modified":"2026-10-14T09:06:55","modified_gmt":"2026-10-14T08:06:55","slug":"fuel","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/fuel\/","title":{"rendered":"Alkanes as Fuel"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"ols-t6-page\">\n\n  <aside class=\"ols-sidebar\">\r\n  <div class=\"ols-sidebar-header\">\r\n    <h3>Revision Notes<\/h3>\r\n    <p>A Level Chemistry<\/p>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\r\n    <h4>Topic 6 Organic Chemistry I<\/h4>\r\n\r\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/\">Introduction to Organic Chemistry<\/a>\r\n\r\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/iupac-rules\/\">IUPAC Rules<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/alkene\/\">Alkene<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/alcohol\/\">Alcohol<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/halogenoalkanes\/\">Halogenoalkanes<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/aldehyde\/\">Aldehyde<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/ketone\/\">Ketone<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/carboxylic-acid\/\">Carboxylic Acid<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/ester\/\">Ester<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/isomerism\/\">Isomerism<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/\">Alkanes<\/a>\r\n\r\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/crude-oil\/\">Alkanes from Crude Oil<\/a>\r\n\r\n            <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/crude-oil\/fractional-distillation\/\">Fractional Distillation<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/crude-oil\/cracking\/\">Cracking<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/crude-oil\/reforming\/\">Reforming<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n            <\/ul>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/fuel\/\">Alkanes as Fuel<\/a>\r\n\r\n            <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/fuel\/combustion\/\">Combustion<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/fuel\/oxides-of-sulfur\/\">Oxides of Sulfur<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/fuel\/oxides-of-nitrogen\/\">Oxides of Nitrogen<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/fuel\/catalytic-converter\/\">Catalytic Converter<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n            <\/ul>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/alternative-fuel\/\">Alternative Fuel<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/\">Reactions of Alkanes<\/a>\r\n\r\n            <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/free-radical-substitution\/\">Free Radical Substitution<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/initiation\/\">Initiation<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/propagation\/\">Propagation<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/termination\/\">Termination<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/further-substitution\/\">Further Substitution<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n            <\/ul>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/\">Alkenes<\/a>\r\n\r\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/alkene-bonding\/\">Alkene Bonding<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/geometric-isomerism\/\">Geometric Isomerism<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/electrophilic-addition-mechanism\/\">Electrophilic Addition Mechanism<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/\">Reactions of Alkenes<\/a>\r\n\r\n            <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/halogens\/\">Halogens<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/hydrogen-halide\/\">Hydrogen Halide<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/bromine-water\/\">Bromine Water<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/hydrogen\/\">Hydrogen<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/steam\/\">Steam<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/kmno4\/\">KMnO4<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n            <\/ul>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/polymerisation-reactions\/\">Polymerisation Reactions<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/polymer-waste\/\">Polymer Waste<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/halogenoalkanes\/\">Halogenoalkanes<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alcohols\/\">Alcohols<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n    <\/ul>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\r\n    <h4>Next Topics<\/h4>\r\n\r\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-7-modern-analytical-techniques-i\/\">Topic 7 Modern Analytical Techniques I<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-5-formulae-equations-and-amounts-of-substance\/\">Topic 5 Formulae, Equations &amp; Amounts<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-4-inorganic-chemistry-and-the-periodic-table\/\">Topic 4 Inorganic Chemistry &amp; The Periodic Table<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n    <\/ul>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/aside>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function() {\r\n  function normalisePath(path) {\r\n    return String(path || '')\r\n      .split('?')[0]\r\n      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24px 0 52px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-t6-topics {\n        padding: 52px 0 58px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-t6-cards-grid,\n      .ols-t6-tree-grid {\n        grid-template-columns: 1fr;\n        gap: 14px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-t6-spec-section {\n        padding: 52px 0 64px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-t6-spec-wrap {\n        padding: 24px 18px;\n        border-radius: 20px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-t6-info-grid {\n        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\n      }\n    }\n\n  <\/style>\n\n  <!-- BREADCRUMB BAR - sits above everything -->\n  <div class=\"ols-t6-breadcrumb-bar\">\n    <div class=\"ols-t6-container\">\n      <nav class=\"ols-t6-breadcrumb\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/\">Revision Notes<\/a> \/\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/\">A Level Chemistry<\/a> \/\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/\">Edexcel<\/a> \/\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/\">Topic 6 Organic Chemistry I<\/a> \/\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/\">Alkanes<\/a> \/\n      <span>Alkanes as Fuel<\/span>\n    <\/nav>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <!-- INTRO -->\n  <section class=\"ols-t6-intro\">\n    <div class=\"ols-t6-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-t6-intro-inner\">\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-eyebrow\">Edexcel A Level Chemistry<\/div>\n          <h1>Alkanes as Fuel<\/h1>\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-accent-bar\"><\/div>\n          <p class=\"ols-t6-intro-lead\">\n            Alkanes are widely used as fuels because combustion is exothermic and releases useful energy. These pages separate the fuel topic into combustion chemistry, pollutant formation and catalytic converter treatment so students can connect equations, reaction conditions and environmental consequences.\n          <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"ols-t6-info-grid\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-label\">Exam Papers<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-value\">Paper 2<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-sub\">9CH0\/02<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-label\">Specification Points<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-value\">6.11 &#8211; 6.16<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-sub\">4 points covered<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-label\">Sub-topics<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-value\">4 lessons<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-sub\">Revision notes available<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-label\">Exam Board<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-value\">Edexcel<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-info-card-sub\">Pearson 9CH0<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- TOPIC CARDS -->\n  <section class=\"ols-t6-topics\">\n    <div class=\"ols-t6-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-t6-section-header\">\n        <h2 class=\"ols-t6-section-title\">Revision Notes<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"ols-t6-section-sub\">Work through each part of Edexcel Topic 6 in a structured sequence.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"ols-t6-cards-grid\">\n\n        <!-- Card 1: Combustion -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t6-card ols-t6-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/fuel\/combustion\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t6-visual ols-t6-visual--covalent\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-panel\">\n                  <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-kicker\">Alkanes as Fuel<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-main\">Combustion<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-sub\">complete and incomplete combustion<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t6-card-num\">1<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t6-card-title\">Combustion<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t6-card-desc\">Revise complete and incomplete combustion of alkanes, including the key products, equations and why combustion releases energy.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t6-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 2: Oxides of Sulfur -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t6-card ols-t6-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/fuel\/oxides-of-sulfur\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t6-visual ols-t6-visual--slate\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-panel\">\n                  <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-kicker\">Alkanes as Fuel<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-main\">Oxides of Sulfur<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-sub\">sulfur dioxide and acid rain<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t6-card-num\">2<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t6-card-title\">Oxides of Sulfur<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t6-card-desc\">Learn how sulfur impurities in fuels form sulfur dioxide and how sulfur oxides contribute to acid rain and environmental damage.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t6-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 3: Oxides of Nitrogen -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t6-card ols-t6-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/fuel\/oxides-of-nitrogen\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t6-visual ols-t6-visual--shape\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-panel\">\n                  <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-kicker\">Alkanes as Fuel<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-main\">Oxides of Nitrogen<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-sub\">NOx formed in hot engines<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t6-card-num\">3<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t6-card-title\">Oxides of Nitrogen<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t6-card-desc\">Review how high temperatures in engines allow nitrogen and oxygen from air to react, producing nitrogen oxides that cause pollution.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t6-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 4: Catalytic Converter -->\n        <a class=\"ols-t6-card ols-t6-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/fuel\/catalytic-converter\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-t6-visual ols-t6-visual--amber\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-panel\">\n                  <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-kicker\">Alkanes as Fuel<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-main\">Catalytic Converter<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"ols-t6-visual-sub\">removing CO, NOx and unburned hydrocarbons<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-t6-card-num\">4<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-t6-card-title\">Catalytic Converter<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-t6-card-desc\">Revise how catalytic converters use transition metal catalysts to convert harmful exhaust gases into less harmful products.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-t6-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <!-- SPECIFICATION SECTION -->\n  <section class=\"ols-t6-spec-section\">\n    <div class=\"ols-t6-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-desktop\">\n        <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-wrap\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-pill\">Specification Coverage<\/div>\n          <h2 class=\"ols-t6-spec-heading\">Alkanes as Fuel &#8211; Edexcel A Level Chemistry<\/h2>\n          <p class=\"ols-t6-spec-intro-text\">The following specification points outline the knowledge and skills students are expected to demonstrate for Topic 6.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ols-t6-spec-group-title\">6B: Alkanes<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-rows\">\n\n\n\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.11<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">know that pollutants, including carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and sulfur, carbon particulates and unburned hydrocarbons, are formed during the combustion of alkane fuels<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.12<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">understand the problems arising from pollutants from the combustion of fuels, limited to the toxicity of carbon monoxide and the acidity of oxides of nitrogen and sulfur<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--dark\">6.13<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">understand how the use of a catalytic converter solves some problems caused by pollutants<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-row ols-t6-spec-row--mid\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-code ols-t6-spec-code--mid\">6.16<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-text\">understand the reactions of alkanes with:<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">i<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">oxygen in air, combustion<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-code\">ii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-sub-text\">halogens, in terms of the mechanism of radical substitution through initiation, propagation and termination steps<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mobile\">\n        <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-wrap\">\n          <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-pill\">Specification Coverage<\/div>\n          <h2 class=\"ols-t6-spec-heading\">Alkanes as Fuel &#8211; Edexcel A Level Chemistry<\/h2>\n          <p class=\"ols-t6-spec-intro-text\">The following specification points outline the knowledge and skills students are expected to demonstrate for Topic 6.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ols-t6-spec-group-title\">6B: Alkanes<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-rows\">\n\n\n\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.11<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">know that pollutants, including carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and sulfur, carbon particulates and unburned hydrocarbons, are formed during the combustion of alkane fuels<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.12<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">understand the problems arising from pollutants from the combustion of fuels, limited to the toxicity of carbon monoxide and the acidity of oxides of nitrogen and sulfur<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--light\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code\">6.13<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">understand how the use of a catalytic converter solves some problems caused by pollutants<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-row ols-t6-spec-mob-row--mid\">\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-code ols-t6-spec-mob-code--mid\">6.16<\/div>\n              <div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-text\">understand the reactions of alkanes with:<div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">i<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">oxygen in air, combustion<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-code\">ii<\/div><div class=\"ols-t6-spec-mob-sub-text\">halogens, in terms of the mechanism of radical substitution through initiation, propagation and termination steps<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@graph\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"WebPage\",\n      \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/fuel\/#webpage\",\n      \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/fuel\/\",\n      \"name\": \"Alkanes as Fuel\",\n      \"inLanguage\": \"en-GB\",\n      \"breadcrumb\": {\n        \"@id\": 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These pages separate the fuel topic into combustion chemistry, pollutant formation and catalytic converter [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":4693,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4826","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4826","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4826"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4826\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4693"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4826"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}