{"id":4836,"date":"2026-06-03T06:24:37","date_gmt":"2026-06-03T05:24:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/termination\/"},"modified":"2026-10-25T12:16:16","modified_gmt":"2026-10-25T12:16:16","slug":"termination","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/termination\/","title":{"rendered":"Termination"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"ols-revision-page ols-termination-page\">\n  <style>\n    .ols-revision-page {\n      --navy: #1C244B;\n      --blue: #2563eb;\n      --soft-blue: #eef4ff;\n      --soft-red: #fff7f7;\n      --soft-purple: #f7f0ff;\n      --soft-green: #f0f7f1;\n      --soft-yellow: #fff8e6;\n      --red: #c81e1e;\n      --gold: #c9973a;\n      --green: #3f8f46;\n      --grey-text: #667085;\n      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background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, #f7f0ff 100%); }\n\n    .ols-h5p-frame {\n      margin-top: 22px;\n      padding: 18px;\n      border-radius: 24px;\n      background: #ffffff;\n      border: 1px solid var(--border);\n      box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.03);\n    }\n\n    .ols-faq-card { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, #f8fbff 100%); }\n\n    .ols-faq-list {\n      display: grid;\n      gap: 14px;\n      margin-top: 20px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-faq-item {\n      background: #ffffff;\n      border: 1px solid var(--border);\n      border-radius: 18px;\n      padding: 18px 20px;\n      box-shadow: var(--inner-shadow);\n    }\n\n    .ols-faq-item h3 {\n      margin: 0 0 8px;\n      font-size: 18px;\n      line-height: 1.35;\n      color: var(--navy);\n    }\n\n    .ols-faq-item p { margin: 0; }\n\n    .ols-related-grid {\n      display: grid;\n      grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));\n      gap: 16px;\n      margin-top: 18px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-related-item {\n      border: 1px solid var(--border);\n      border-radius: 18px;\n      padding: 18px;\n      background: #ffffff;\n      color: var(--navy);\n      text-decoration: none;\n      font-weight: 600;\n      line-height: 1.5;\n      transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;\n    }\n\n    .ols-related-item:hover {\n      transform: translateY(-2px);\n      box-shadow: 0 10px 22px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.08);\n    }\n\n    @media (max-width: 1050px) {\n      .ols-main { max-width: none; }\n      .ols-related-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }\n    }\n\n    @media (max-width: 760px) {\n\n      .ols-title-card,\n      .ols-note-card,\n      .ols-h5p-card,\n      .ols-related-card,\n      .ols-faq-card {\n        padding: 24px 18px;\n        border-radius: 22px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-note-title { align-items: flex-start; }\n\n      .ols-author {\n        align-items: flex-start;\n        gap: 16px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-author-avatar-img {\n        width: 72px;\n        height: 72px;\n      }\n\n      .ols-author-title { font-size: 23px; }\n      .ols-author-description { font-size: 15px; }\n\n      .ols-table-wrap {\n        border-radius: 20px;\n        overflow: hidden;\n      }\n\n      .ols-table,\n      .ols-table thead,\n      .ols-table tbody,\n      .ols-table th,\n      .ols-table td,\n      .ols-table tr {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100%;\n      }\n\n      .ols-table thead { display: none; }\n\n      .ols-table tr {\n        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);\n        background: #ffffff;\n      }\n\n      .ols-table tr:last-child { border-bottom: none; }\n\n      .ols-table td {\n        display: grid;\n        grid-template-columns: minmax(120px, 38%) minmax(0, 1fr);\n        gap: 12px;\n        align-items: start;\n        border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.08);\n        padding: 14px;\n        overflow-wrap: anywhere;\n      }\n\n      .ols-table td:last-child { border-bottom: none; }\n\n      .ols-table td::before {\n        content: attr(data-label);\n        font-weight: 700;\n        color: var(--navy);\n        overflow-wrap: anywhere;\n      }\n    }\n  <\/style>\n\n  <aside class=\"ols-sidebar\">\r\n  <div class=\"ols-sidebar-header\">\r\n    <h3>Revision Notes<\/h3>\r\n    <p>A Level Chemistry<\/p>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\r\n    <h4>Topic 6 Organic Chemistry I<\/h4>\r\n\r\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/\">Introduction to Organic Chemistry<\/a>\r\n\r\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/iupac-rules\/\">IUPAC Rules<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/alkene\/\">Alkene<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/alcohol\/\">Alcohol<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/halogenoalkanes\/\">Halogenoalkanes<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/aldehyde\/\">Aldehyde<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/ketone\/\">Ketone<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/carboxylic-acid\/\">Carboxylic Acid<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/ester\/\">Ester<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/introduction-to-organic-chemistry\/isomerism\/\">Isomerism<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/\">Alkanes<\/a>\r\n\r\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/crude-oil\/\">Alkanes from Crude Oil<\/a>\r\n\r\n            <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/crude-oil\/fractional-distillation\/\">Fractional Distillation<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/crude-oil\/cracking\/\">Cracking<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/crude-oil\/reforming\/\">Reforming<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n            <\/ul>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/fuel\/\">Alkanes as Fuel<\/a>\r\n\r\n            <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/fuel\/combustion\/\">Combustion<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/fuel\/oxides-of-sulfur\/\">Oxides of Sulfur<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/fuel\/oxides-of-nitrogen\/\">Oxides of Nitrogen<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/fuel\/catalytic-converter\/\">Catalytic Converter<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n            <\/ul>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/alternative-fuel\/\">Alternative Fuel<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/\">Reactions of Alkanes<\/a>\r\n\r\n            <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/free-radical-substitution\/\">Free Radical Substitution<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/initiation\/\">Initiation<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/propagation\/\">Propagation<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/termination\/\">Termination<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/further-substitution\/\">Further Substitution<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n            <\/ul>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/\">Alkenes<\/a>\r\n\r\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/alkene-bonding\/\">Alkene Bonding<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/geometric-isomerism\/\">Geometric Isomerism<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/electrophilic-addition-mechanism\/\">Electrophilic Addition Mechanism<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/\">Reactions of Alkenes<\/a>\r\n\r\n            <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/halogens\/\">Halogens<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/hydrogen-halide\/\">Hydrogen Halide<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/bromine-water\/\">Bromine Water<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/hydrogen\/\">Hydrogen<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/steam\/\">Steam<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n              <li>\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/reactions-of-alkenes\/kmno4\/\">KMnO4<\/a>\r\n              <\/li>\r\n            <\/ul>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/polymerisation-reactions\/\">Polymerisation Reactions<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/polymer-waste\/\">Polymer Waste<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/halogenoalkanes\/\">Halogenoalkanes<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alcohols\/\">Alcohols<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n    <\/ul>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\r\n    <h4>Next Topics<\/h4>\r\n\r\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-7-modern-analytical-techniques-i\/\">Topic 7 Modern Analytical Techniques I<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-5-formulae-equations-and-amounts-of-substance\/\">Topic 5 Formulae, Equations &amp; Amounts<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-4-inorganic-chemistry-and-the-periodic-table\/\">Topic 4 Inorganic Chemistry &amp; The Periodic Table<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n    <\/ul>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/aside>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function() {\r\n  function normalisePath(path) {\r\n    return String(path || '')\r\n      .split('?')[0]\r\n      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href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/\">Revision Notes<\/a> \/\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/\">A Level Chemistry<\/a> \/\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/\">Edexcel<\/a> \/\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/\">Topic 6 Organic Chemistry I<\/a> \/\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/free-radical-substitution\/\">Reactions of Alkanes<\/a> \/\n        <span>Termination<\/span>\n      <\/nav>\n\n      <header class=\"ols-title-card\">\n        <h1>Termination<\/h1>\n        <p class=\"ols-page-intro\">A concise revision guide to the termination stage of free-radical substitution, including radical combination, chain reaction stopping, bromination of propane and common termination equations.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"ols-badges\">\n          <div class=\"ols-badge\">Paper 2<\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-badge\">Topic 6: Organic Chemistry I<\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-badge\">9CH0\/02<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/header>\n<!-- 3D card: radical-chain-methane (5 Oct 2026, Topics 1-5 upgrade) -->\n<!-- Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Mohammed Al-Fatah, onlinelearningsystem.net. 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text-align:center; font-size:11px; font-style:italic; color:#aab0c0;\n}\n.ols-cc-radc-001 a{color:#aab0c0; text-decoration:none;}\n.ols-cc-radc-001 a:hover{text-decoration:underline;}\n.ols-radc-001 .radc-seg button{display:inline-flex; align-items:center;}\n.ols-radc-001 .radc-seg button .radc-n{display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; width:20px; height:20px; margin-right:9px; border-radius:50%; font-size:11px; font-weight:600; background:rgba(37,99,235,0.10); color:#2563eb; flex:0 0 auto;}\n.ols-radc-001 .radc-seg button[aria-pressed=\"true\"] .radc-n{background:#ffffff; color:#2563eb;}\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"radc-head\">\n  <h2 class=\"radc-title\">Radical Chain Reaction: Methane and Chlorine<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"radc-sub\">Choose a step to follow every electron: UV light makes the radicals, the chain repeats, and two radicals meeting end it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"radc-stage\" id=\"radcStage\">\n  <canvas class=\"radc-canvas\" id=\"radcCanvas\"><\/canvas>\n  <div class=\"radc-overlay\" id=\"radcOverlay\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"radc-caption\" id=\"radcCaption\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"radc-hint\" id=\"radcHint\">Drag to rotate<\/div>\n  <div class=\"radc-badges\" id=\"radcBadges\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"radc-controls\">\n  <div class=\"radc-row\">\n    <span class=\"radc-rowlab\">Step<\/span>\n    <div class=\"radc-seg\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Step\">\n      <button type=\"button\" data-step=\"1\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"radc-n\">1<\/span>Initiation<\/button>\n      <button type=\"button\" data-step=\"2\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span class=\"radc-n\">2<\/span>Cl\u2022 takes an H<\/button>\n      <button type=\"button\" data-step=\"3\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span class=\"radc-n\">3<\/span>\u2022CH\u2083 takes a Cl<\/button>\n      <button type=\"button\" data-step=\"4\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span class=\"radc-n\">4<\/span>The chain repeats<\/button>\n      <button type=\"button\" data-step=\"5\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span class=\"radc-n\">5<\/span>Termination<\/button>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"radc-row\">\n    <span class=\"radc-rowlab\">View<\/span>\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"radc-pill\" id=\"radcResetV\">Reset view<\/button>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"radc-info\">\n  <h3 id=\"radcInfoTitle\"><\/h3>\n  <p id=\"radcInfoText\"><\/p>\n  <div class=\"radc-facts\" id=\"radcFacts\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"radc-key\">\n    <span><i class=\"k-ball\" style=\"background:#464a54\"><\/i>Carbon<\/span>\n    <span><i class=\"k-ball\" style=\"background:#ececf0\"><\/i>Hydrogen<\/span>\n    <span><i class=\"k-ball\" style=\"background:#34aa48\"><\/i>Chlorine<\/span>\n    <span><i class=\"k-ball\" style=\"background:#f6c426\"><\/i>Electron<\/span>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<script src=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/JS\/radical-chain-methane.js?v=20261025p\"><\/script>\n<\/section>\n\n<p class=\"ols-cc-radc-001\">&copy; Dr. Mohammed Al-Fatah &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">onlinelearningsystem.net<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n      <article class=\"ols-note-card soft\" id=\"article\">\n        <div class=\"ols-note-title\">\n          <div class=\"ols-note-icon\">1<\/div>\n          <h2>What Happens During Termination?<\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <p><strong>Termination<\/strong> is the stage of free-radical substitution where two free radicals collide and react together. This removes free radicals from the reaction mixture.<\/p>\n        <p>Unlike propagation, termination does <strong>not<\/strong> regenerate another free radical. This means the chain reaction is stopped when radicals are used up in these combination steps.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"ols-key-box\">\n          <p><strong>Key idea:<\/strong> In termination, radicals are removed from the system. A stable molecule is formed and no new free radical is produced.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/article>\n\n      <article class=\"ols-note-card\">\n<div class=\"ols-note-title\">\n<div class=\"ols-note-icon\">2<\/div>\n<h2>Before You Start<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>This page builds on initiation and propagation in free-radical substitution.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"ols-list\">\n<li>A free radical has an unpaired electron, shown by a dot.<\/li>\n<li>A covalent bond forms when two atoms share a pair of electrons.<\/li>\n<li>Propagation uses one radical and makes another, so the chain carries on.<\/li>\n<li>Methane, CH<sub>4<\/sub>, and ethane, C<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>6<\/sub>, are the first two alkanes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/article>\n<section class=\"ols-h5p-card ols-h5p-inline ols-h5p-recap\">\n<span class=\"ols-h5p-kicker\">Before you start<\/span>\n<h2>GCSE Recap: Making Bonds and Colliding Particles<\/h2>\n<p>Check the GCSE ideas about making bonds and collisions that termination builds on.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-h5p-frame\"><div class=\"h5p-content\" data-content-id=\"1289\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<article class=\"ols-note-card\">\n        <div class=\"ols-note-title\">\n          <div class=\"ols-note-icon\">3<\/div>\n          <h2>Radical Combination<\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <p>Termination happens when two radical species combine using their unpaired electrons to form a new covalent bond.<\/p>\n        <p>The product is usually a stable molecule. Because no radical remains in the product, that pathway cannot continue the chain reaction.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"ols-definition-box\">\n          <p><strong>Termination step:<\/strong> A reaction in which two free radicals combine to form a stable molecule, removing radicals and stopping that part of the chain reaction.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"ols-warning-box\">\n          <p><strong>Exam focus:<\/strong> A termination equation should have radicals on the reactant side, but no radical species on the product side.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/article>\n<section class=\"ols-h5p-card ols-h5p-inline\">\n<span class=\"ols-h5p-kicker\">Check your understanding<\/span>\n<h2>Quick Check: Ending the Chain for Propane<\/h2>\n<p>Complete the passage about the termination steps for propane and chlorine.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-h5p-frame\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-144\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"144\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Termination Drag: Ending the Chain for Propane and Chlorine\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n      <article class=\"ols-note-card green\">\n        <div class=\"ols-note-title\">\n          <div class=\"ols-note-icon\">4<\/div>\n          <h2>Termination in Chlorination of Methane<\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <p>In the chlorination of methane, several different radicals may be present in the reaction mixture. These include chlorine radicals and methyl radicals.<\/p>\n        <p>Any two radicals can collide and combine. The possible termination steps include formation of chloromethane, ethane or chlorine.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"ols-equation-grid\">\n          <div class=\"ols-equation-box\">\n            <p>\u2022CH<sub>3<\/sub> + Cl\u2022 \u2192 CH<sub>3<\/sub>Cl<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n\n          <div class=\"ols-equation-box\">\n            <p>\u2022CH<sub>3<\/sub> + \u2022CH<sub>3<\/sub> \u2192 CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub><\/p>\n          <\/div>\n\n          <div class=\"ols-equation-box\">\n            <p>Cl\u2022 + Cl\u2022 \u2192 Cl<sub>2<\/sub><\/p>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"ols-key-box\">\n          <p><strong>Why ethane can form:<\/strong> If two methyl radicals combine, the product is ethane. This is a minor termination product and can appear as an impurity.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <div class=\"ols-figure-card ols-zoom-pop\">\n<div class=\"ols-figure-image\">\n<a class=\"ols-image-fullscreen-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/t4-img-37-terminationgrid.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"Open image fullscreen\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/t4-img-37-terminationgrid.jpg\" alt=\"Grid of radical pairs for methane chlorination giving Cl\u2082, CH\u2083Cl and C\u2082H\u2086, and a smaller grid for ethane chlorination giving butane\" data-fullscreen-src=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/t4-img-37-terminationgrid.jpg\">\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-figure-caption\"><p>Any two radicals can meet, so termination gives Cl\u2082, CH\u2083Cl or ethane.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<section class=\"ols-h5p-card ols-h5p-inline\">\n<span class=\"ols-h5p-kicker\">Check your understanding<\/span>\n<h2>Quick Check: Where Did the Butane Come From?<\/h2>\n<p>Decide what an unexpected product in the mixture tells you.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-h5p-frame\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-145\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"145\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Termination MCQ: What Butane in the Product Mixture Shows\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n      <article class=\"ols-note-card purple\">\n        <div class=\"ols-note-title\">\n          <div class=\"ols-note-icon\">5<\/div>\n          <h2>Example: Bromination of Propane<\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <p>In bromination of propane, a radical can form on the middle carbon of propane. This gives the secondary propyl radical, written as CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH\u2022CH<sub>3<\/sub>.<\/p>\n        <p>If this radical combines directly with a bromine radical, the product is <strong>2-bromopropane<\/strong>. No new free radical is regenerated, so this is a termination step.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"ols-equation-box\">\n          <p>CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH\u2022CH<sub>3<\/sub> + Br\u2022 \u2192 CH<sub>3<\/sub>CHBrCH<sub>3<\/sub><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"ols-warning-box\">\n          <p><strong>Common mistake:<\/strong> Do not confuse this with propagation. In propagation, Br\u2022 is regenerated. In this termination step, Br\u2022 is consumed and no radical appears in the product.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/article>\n\n      <article class=\"ols-note-card yellow\">\n        <div class=\"ols-note-title\">\n          <div class=\"ols-note-icon\">6<\/div>\n          <h2>Propagation Compared with Termination<\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <p>The easiest way to identify termination is to compare the radicals in the reactants and products. Propagation keeps radicals going. Termination removes them.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"ols-table-wrap\">\n          <table class=\"ols-table\">\n            <thead>\n              <tr>\n                <th>Feature<\/th>\n                <th>Propagation<\/th>\n                <th>Termination<\/th>\n              <\/tr>\n            <\/thead>\n            <tbody>\n              <tr>\n                <td data-label=\"Feature\"><strong>Radicals in reactants<\/strong><\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Propagation\">At least one radical is present.<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Termination\">Two radicals are present.<\/td>\n              <\/tr>\n              <tr>\n                <td data-label=\"Feature\"><strong>Radicals in products<\/strong><\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Propagation\">A new radical is formed.<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Termination\">No new radical is formed.<\/td>\n              <\/tr>\n              <tr>\n                <td data-label=\"Feature\"><strong>Effect on chain reaction<\/strong><\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Propagation\">The chain reaction continues.<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Termination\">The chain reaction is stopped.<\/td>\n              <\/tr>\n              <tr>\n                <td data-label=\"Feature\"><strong>Typical example<\/strong><\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Propagation\">\u2022CH<sub>3<\/sub> + Cl<sub>2<\/sub> \u2192 CH<sub>3<\/sub>Cl + Cl\u2022<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Termination\">\u2022CH<sub>3<\/sub> + \u2022CH<sub>3<\/sub> \u2192 CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub><\/td>\n              <\/tr>\n            <\/tbody>\n          <\/table>\n        <\/div>\n      <div class=\"ols-figure-card ols-zoom-pop\">\n<div class=\"ols-figure-image\">\n<a class=\"ols-image-fullscreen-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/t4-img-36-countradicals.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"Open image fullscreen\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/t4-img-36-countradicals.jpg\" alt=\"Three rows for initiation, propagation and termination showing radicals in and out, an example equation and a spotting tip\" data-fullscreen-src=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/t4-img-36-countradicals.jpg\">\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-figure-caption\"><p>Counting radicals on each side names the stage: 0 \u2192 2, 1 \u2192 1 or 2 \u2192 0.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<section class=\"ols-h5p-card ols-h5p-inline\">\n<span class=\"ols-h5p-kicker\">Check your understanding<\/span>\n<h2>Quick Check: Find the Termination Steps<\/h2>\n<p>Click every step that is a termination step.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-h5p-frame\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-146\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"146\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Termination Mark the Words: Picking the Ending Steps Out\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n      <article class=\"ols-note-card\">\n        <div class=\"ols-note-title\">\n          <div class=\"ols-note-icon\">7<\/div>\n          <h2>How to Recognise Termination in Exam Questions<\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <p>When writing or identifying a termination step, check whether two radical reactants combine to make a non-radical product.<\/p>\n        <p>The dot represents an unpaired electron. During termination, the two unpaired electrons form a covalent bond, so the dot disappears in the product.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"ols-table-wrap\">\n          <table class=\"ols-table\">\n            <thead>\n              <tr>\n                <th>Question clue<\/th>\n                <th>What it means<\/th>\n                <th>Correct response<\/th>\n              <\/tr>\n            <\/thead>\n            <tbody>\n              <tr>\n                <td data-label=\"Question clue\"><strong>Two radicals collide<\/strong><\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"What it means\">The reaction is likely to be termination.<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Correct response\">Write a stable product with no radical dot.<\/td>\n              <\/tr>\n              <tr>\n                <td data-label=\"Question clue\"><strong>No radical regenerated<\/strong><\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"What it means\">The chain is being stopped rather than carried forward.<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Correct response\">Describe the step as termination.<\/td>\n              <\/tr>\n              <tr>\n                <td data-label=\"Question clue\"><strong>Ethane forms from methyl radicals<\/strong><\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"What it means\">Two CH<sub>3<\/sub> radicals have combined.<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Correct response\">\u2022CH<sub>3<\/sub> + \u2022CH<sub>3<\/sub> \u2192 CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub><\/td>\n              <\/tr>\n            <\/tbody>\n          <\/table>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"ols-key-box\">\n          <p><strong>Remember:<\/strong> Termination reduces the number of radicals in the mixture. This is why it eventually stops a free-radical chain reaction.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/article>\n<section class=\"ols-h5p-card ols-h5p-inline\">\n<span class=\"ols-h5p-kicker\">Check your understanding<\/span>\n<h2>Quick Check: Write the Termination Step<\/h2>\n<p>Write each step on paper, then flip the card to check.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-h5p-frame\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-730\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"730\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Termination Flip Cards: Write the Step, Then Check\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ols-h5p-card ols-h5p-inline\">\n<span class=\"ols-h5p-kicker\">Check your understanding<\/span>\n<h2>Quick Check: Pick the Accurate Statement<\/h2>\n<p>Finish the page by choosing the accurate statement about termination in each round.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-h5p-frame\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-147\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"147\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Termination Summary: Which Step Made the Product?\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n      \n\n<section class=\"ols-faq-card\">\n        <h2>Termination FAQs<\/h2>\n        <p>Review the key points about the final stage of a free-radical substitution mechanism.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"ols-faq-list\">\n          <div class=\"ols-faq-item\">\n            <h3>What is termination in free-radical substitution?<\/h3>\n            <p>Termination is the stage where two free radicals collide and combine to form a stable molecule. No new radical is produced, so the chain reaction is stopped.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n\n          <div class=\"ols-faq-item\">\n            <h3>How can you identify a termination step?<\/h3>\n            <p>A termination step has two radical species on the reactant side and no radical species on the product side.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n\n          <div class=\"ols-faq-item\">\n            <h3>Why does ethane form as an impurity in chlorination of methane?<\/h3>\n            <p>Ethane can form when two methyl radicals combine: \u2022CH<sub>3<\/sub> + \u2022CH<sub>3<\/sub> \u2192 CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub>. This is a minor termination pathway.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n\n          <div class=\"ols-faq-item\">\n            <h3>What is the termination equation for making 2-bromopropane from a secondary propyl radical?<\/h3>\n            <p>The equation is CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH\u2022CH<sub>3<\/sub> + Br\u2022 \u2192 CH<sub>3<\/sub>CHBrCH<sub>3<\/sub>. No radical is regenerated.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n\n          <div class=\"ols-faq-item\">\n            <h3>What is the difference between propagation and termination?<\/h3>\n            <p>Propagation forms another radical and continues the chain reaction. Termination consumes radicals and stops the chain reaction.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/section>\n\n      <!-- author card (moved to the end, 10 Oct 2026) -->\n      <div class=\"ols-author\">\n          <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ols-author-avatar-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Author-Profile.jpeg\" alt=\"Dr. Mohammed Al-Fatah\">\n          <div class=\"ols-author-content\">\n            <h2 class=\"ols-author-title\">Written by: Dr. Mohammed Al-Fatah<\/h2>\n            <p class=\"ols-author-description\">Chemistry specialist revision notes for A Level Chemistry.<\/p>\n            <a class=\"ols-linkedin-pill\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/doctormohammedfatah\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\n              <svg class=\"ols-linkedin-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                <path d=\"M4.98 3.5C4.98 4.88 3.86 6 2.48 6S0 4.88 0 3.5 1.12 1 2.48 1s2.5 1.12 2.5 2.5zM.5 8h4V24h-4V8zm7 0h3.8v2.2h.1c.5-.9 1.8-2.2 3.9-2.2 4.2 0 5 2.8 5 6.4V24h-4v-7.6c0-1.8 0-4.2-2.6-4.2s-3 2-3 4v7.8h-4V8z\"\/>\n              <\/svg>\n              View LinkedIn Profile\n            <\/a>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n\n      <section class=\"ols-related-card\">\n        <h2>Related Topics<\/h2>\n        <p>Continue your revision with the linked areas of organic chemistry and alkane reactions.<\/p>\n        <div class=\"ols-related-grid\">\n          <a class=\"ols-related-item\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/free-radical-substitution\/\">Free Radical Substitution<\/a>\n          <a class=\"ols-related-item\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/initiation\/\">Initiation<\/a>\n          <a class=\"ols-related-item\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/propagation\/\">Propagation<\/a>\n          <a class=\"ols-related-item\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/further-substitution\/\">Further Substitution<\/a>\n          <a class=\"ols-related-item\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/fuel\/combustion\/\">Combustion<\/a>\n          <a class=\"ols-related-item\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkenes\/\">Alkenes<\/a>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/section>\n\n            <!-- OLS Author Copyright Footprint \/ Attribution Card -->\n      <section class=\"ols-attribution-card ols-attr-std\" aria-label=\"Copyright notice\">\n<style id=\"ols-attribution-card-css\">.ols-attribution-card.ols-attr-std{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#ffffff,#f8fbff);border:1px solid rgba(28,36,75,0.14);border-radius:28px;box-shadow:0 18px 45px rgba(28,36,75,0.10);padding:34px;margin:24px 0;overflow:hidden;font-family:Poppins,Arial,sans-serif;box-sizing:border-box}.ols-attribution-card.ols-attr-std *{box-sizing:border-box}.ols-attribution-card.ols-attr-std p{margin:0;font-size:14px;line-height:1.65;font-weight:300;color:#667085}.ols-attribution-card.ols-attr-std strong{font-weight:700;color:#1C244B}@media (max-width:760px){.ols-attribution-card.ols-attr-std{padding:24px 18px;border-radius:22px}}<\/style>\n<p><strong>Copyright notice:<\/strong> This OLS revision content, including the explanations, layout, diagrams, tables and embedded learning structure, is authored for Online Learning System by Dr. Mohammed Al-Fatah. It may not be copied, reproduced, redistributed or adapted without written permission.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n      <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n    \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n    \"@graph\": [\n        {\n            \"@type\": \"WebPage\",\n            \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/termination\/#webpage\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/edexcel\/topic-6-organic-chemistry-i\/alkanes\/reactions\/termination\/\",\n            \"name\": \"Termination - Edexcel A Level Chemistry\",\n            \"description\": \"A Level Chemistry revision notes on termination in free radical substitution for Edexcel 9CH0, including radical combination, stopping chain reactions, ethane impurity formation and bromination of propane.\",\n            \"inLanguage\": \"en-GB\",\n            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No new radical is produced, so the chain reaction is stopped.\"\n                    }\n                },\n                {\n                    \"@type\": \"Question\",\n                    \"name\": \"How can you identify a termination step?\",\n                    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n                        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n                        \"text\": \"A termination step has two radical species on the reactant side and no radical species on the product side.\"\n                    }\n                },\n                {\n                    \"@type\": \"Question\",\n                    \"name\": \"Why does ethane form as an impurity in chlorination of methane?\",\n                    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n                        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n                        \"text\": \"Ethane can form when two methyl radicals combine: \u2022CH3 + \u2022CH3 \u2192 CH3CH3. This is a minor termination pathway.\"\n                    }\n                },\n                {\n                    \"@type\": \"Question\",\n                    \"name\": \"What is the termination equation for making 2-bromopropane from a secondary propyl radical?\",\n                    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n                        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n                        \"text\": \"The equation is CH3CH\u2022CH3 + Br\u2022 \u2192 CH3CHBrCH3. No radical is regenerated.\"\n                    }\n                },\n                {\n                    \"@type\": \"Question\",\n                    \"name\": \"What is the difference between propagation and termination?\",\n                    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n                        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n                        \"text\": \"Propagation forms another radical and continues the chain reaction. 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