{"id":5282,"date":"2026-06-19T04:55:20","date_gmt":"2026-06-19T03:55:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/aqa\/3-1-2-amount-of-substance\/concentration-and-titration-calculations\/"},"modified":"2026-06-24T08:59:44","modified_gmt":"2026-06-24T07:59:44","slug":"concentration-and-titration-calculations","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/aqa\/3-1-2-amount-of-substance\/concentration-and-titration-calculations\/","title":{"rendered":"Concentration and Titration Calculations"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-page\">\n\n  <aside class=\"ols-sidebar\">\r\n  <div class=\"ols-sidebar-header\">\r\n    <h3>Revision Notes<\/h3>\r\n    <p>AQA A Level Chemistry<\/p>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\r\n    <h4>3.1.2 Amount of Substance<\/h4>\r\n\r\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/aqa\/3-1-2-amount-of-substance\/relative-masses\/\">Relative Masses<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/aqa\/3-1-2-amount-of-substance\/the-mole-and-avogadro-constant\/\">The Mole and Avogadro Constant<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/aqa\/3-1-2-amount-of-substance\/empirical-and-molecular-formulae\/\">Empirical and Molecular Formulae<\/a>\r\n\r\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/aqa\/3-1-2-amount-of-substance\/empirical-and-molecular-formulae\/empirical-formula\/\">Empirical Formula<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/aqa\/3-1-2-amount-of-substance\/empirical-and-molecular-formulae\/molecular-formula\/\">Molecular Formula<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/aqa\/3-1-2-amount-of-substance\/chemical-equations-and-reacting-masses\/\">Chemical Equations and Reacting Masses<\/a>\r\n\r\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/aqa\/3-1-2-amount-of-substance\/chemical-equations-and-reacting-masses\/writing-chemical-equations\/\">Writing Chemical Equations<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/aqa\/3-1-2-amount-of-substance\/chemical-equations-and-reacting-masses\/ionic-equations\/\">Ionic Equations<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/aqa\/3-1-2-amount-of-substance\/chemical-equations-and-reacting-masses\/calculations-using-reacting-masses\/\">Calculations Using Reacting Masses<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/aqa\/3-1-2-amount-of-substance\/concentration-and-titration-calculations\/\">Concentration and Titration Calculations<\/a>\r\n\r\n        <ul class=\"ols-subtopic-list\">\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/aqa\/3-1-2-amount-of-substance\/concentration-and-titration-calculations\/concentrations-of-solutions\/\">Concentrations of Solutions<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n          <li>\r\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/aqa\/3-1-2-amount-of-substance\/concentration-and-titration-calculations\/titration-calculations\/\">Titration Calculations<\/a>\r\n          <\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/aqa\/3-1-2-amount-of-substance\/gas-volumes-and-the-ideal-gas-equation\/\">Gas Volumes and the Ideal Gas Equation<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/aqa\/3-1-2-amount-of-substance\/percentage-yield\/\">Percentage Yield<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/aqa\/3-1-2-amount-of-substance\/atom-economy\/\">Atom Economy<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n    <\/ul>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\r\n    <h4>Adjacent Topics<\/h4>\r\n\r\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/aqa\/3-1-1-atomicstructure\/\">3.1.1 Atomic Structure<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/aqa\/3-1-3-bonding\/\">3.1.3 Bonding<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/aqa\/3-1-4-energetics\/\">3.1.4 Energetics<\/a>\r\n      <\/li>\r\n      <li>\r\n        <a 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1fr 1fr; }\n    }\n  <\/style>\n\n\n  <!-- BREADCRUMB BAR - sits above everything -->\n  <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-breadcrumb-bar\">\n    <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-container\">\n      <nav class=\"ols-aqa312ct-breadcrumb\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/\">Revision Notes<\/a> \/\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/\">A Level Chemistry<\/a> \/\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/aqa\/\">AQA<\/a> \/\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/aqa\/3-1-2-amount-of-substance\/\">3.1.2 Amount of Substance<\/a> \/\n        <span>Concentration and Titration Calculations<\/span>\n      <\/nav>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <!-- INTRO -->\n  <section class=\"ols-aqa312ct-intro\">\n    <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-intro-inner\">\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-eyebrow\">AQA A Level Chemistry<\/div>\n          <h1>Concentration &#038;<br>Titration<br>Calculations<\/h1>\n          <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-accent-bar\"><\/div>\n          <p class=\"ols-aqa312ct-intro-lead\">This AQA 3.1.2 section covers solution concentration and titration-style calculations. These pages focus on concentration in mol dm\u207b\u00b3, solution volume, amount of substance and calculations using balanced equations for reactions in solution.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-info-grid\"><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-info-card-label\">Exam Papers<\/div><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-info-card-value\">Paper 1 &#038; 2<\/div><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-info-card-sub\">7405\/1 and 7405\/2<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-info-card-label\">Specification Points<\/div><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-info-card-value\">3.1.2.2 \/ 3.1.2.5<\/div><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-info-card-sub\">Solutions and titration calculations<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-info-card-label\">Topic Parts<\/div><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-info-card-value\">2 parts<\/div><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-info-card-sub\">Revision notes available<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-info-card-label\">Exam Board<\/div><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-info-card-value\">AQA<\/div><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-info-card-sub\">AQA 7405<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- TOPIC CARDS -->\n  <section class=\"ols-aqa312ct-topics\">\n    <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-section-header\">\n        <h2 class=\"ols-aqa312ct-section-title\">Revision Notes<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"ols-aqa312ct-section-sub\">Work through each page in a structured AQA sequence.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-cards-grid\">\n        <a class=\"ols-aqa312ct-card ols-aqa312ct-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/aqa\/3-1-2-amount-of-substance\/concentration-and-titration-calculations\/concentrations-of-solutions\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-visual ols-aqa312ct-visual--green\">\n              <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-visual-kicker\">Solutions<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-visual-main\">Concentration<br>Calculations<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-config-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>cV = n<\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-card-num\">1<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-aqa312ct-card-status ols-aqa312ct-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-aqa312ct-card-title\">Concentrations of Solutions<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-aqa312ct-card-desc\">Using concentration in mol dm\u207b\u00b3, volume and amount of substance in solution calculations.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-aqa312ct-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <a class=\"ols-aqa312ct-card ols-aqa312ct-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/aqa\/3-1-2-amount-of-substance\/concentration-and-titration-calculations\/titration-calculations\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-visual ols-aqa312ct-visual--pink\">\n              <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-visual-kicker\">Volumetric analysis<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-visual-main\">Titration<br>Calculations<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-config-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>titre<\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-card-num\">2<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-aqa312ct-card-status ols-aqa312ct-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-aqa312ct-card-title\">Titration Calculations<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-aqa312ct-card-desc\">Using titration results with balanced equations to calculate concentrations and volumes for reactions in solution.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-aqa312ct-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- SPECIFICATION -->\n  <section class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-section\">\n    <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-desktop\">\n        <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-wrap\">\n          <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-pill\">Specification Coverage<\/div>\n          <h2 class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-heading\">Concentration and Titration Calculations &#8211; AQA A Level Chemistry<\/h2>\n          <p class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-intro-text\">The following AQA specification wording is covered across the Concentration and Titration Calculations pages.<\/p>\n          <h3 class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-group-title\">3.1.2 Amount of Substance: solution calculations<\/h3>\n          <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-rows\">\n<div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-row ols-aqa312ct-spec-row--light\"><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-code\">3.1.2.2<\/div><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-text\"><strong>The mole and the Avogadro constant<\/strong><br>The concentration of a substance in solution, measured in mol dm<sup>-3<\/sup>.<br>Students should be able to carry out calculations:<div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-sub-code\">1<\/div><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-sub-text\">using concentration, volume and amount of substance in a solution.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-row ols-aqa312ct-spec-row--mid\"><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-code ols-aqa312ct-spec-code--mid\">3.1.2.5<\/div><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-text\"><strong>Balanced equations and associated calculations<\/strong><br>Equations (full and ionic).<br>Students should be able to use balanced equations to calculate:<div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-sub-code\">1<\/div><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-sub-text\">concentrations and volumes for reactions in solutions.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-mobile\">\n        <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-wrap\">\n          <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-pill\">Specification Coverage<\/div>\n          <h2 class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-heading\">Concentration and Titration Calculations &#8211; AQA A Level Chemistry<\/h2>\n          <p class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-intro-text\">The following AQA specification wording is covered across the Concentration and Titration Calculations pages.<\/p>\n          <h3 class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-group-title\">3.1.2 Amount of Substance: solution calculations<\/h3>\n          <div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-mob-rows\">\n<div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-mob-row ols-aqa312ct-spec-mob-row--light\"><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-mob-code\">3.1.2.2<\/div><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-mob-text\"><strong>The mole and the Avogadro constant<\/strong><br>The concentration of a substance in solution, measured in mol dm<sup>-3<\/sup>.<br>Students should be able to carry out calculations:<div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-mob-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-mob-sub-code\">1<\/div><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-mob-sub-text\">using concentration, volume and amount of substance in a solution.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-mob-row ols-aqa312ct-spec-mob-row--mid\"><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-mob-code ols-aqa312ct-spec-mob-code--mid\">3.1.2.5<\/div><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-mob-text\"><strong>Balanced equations and associated calculations<\/strong><br>Equations (full and ionic).<br>Students should be able to use balanced equations to calculate:<div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-mob-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-mob-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-mob-sub-code\">1<\/div><div class=\"ols-aqa312ct-spec-mob-sub-text\">concentrations and volumes for reactions in solutions.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n<script 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