{"id":7394,"date":"2026-09-10T20:57:10","date_gmt":"2026-09-10T19:57:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/ocr-a\/4-1-1-basic-concepts-of-organic-chemistry\/"},"modified":"2026-09-11T17:05:12","modified_gmt":"2026-09-11T16:05:12","slug":"4-1-1-basic-concepts-of-organic-chemistry","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/ocr-a\/4-1-1-basic-concepts-of-organic-chemistry\/","title":{"rendered":"4.1.1 Basic Concepts of Organic Chemistry"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"ols-ocr411-page\">\n\n  <aside class=\"ols-sidebar\">\n  <div class=\"ols-sidebar-header\">\n    <h3>Revision Notes<\/h3>\n    <p>OCR A Level Chemistry A<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\n    <h4>4.1.1 Basic Concepts of Organic Chemistry<\/h4>\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\n      <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/ocr-a\/4-1-1-basic-concepts-of-organic-chemistry\/\">Section overview<\/a><\/li>\n      <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/ocr-a\/4-1-1-basic-concepts-of-organic-chemistry\/iupac-rules\/\">IUPAC Rules<\/a><\/li>\n      <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/ocr-a\/4-1-1-basic-concepts-of-organic-chemistry\/alkene\/\">Alkene<\/a><\/li>\n      <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/ocr-a\/4-1-1-basic-concepts-of-organic-chemistry\/alcohol\/\">Alcohol<\/a><\/li>\n      <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/ocr-a\/4-1-1-basic-concepts-of-organic-chemistry\/haloalkanes\/\">Haloalkanes<\/a><\/li>\n      <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/ocr-a\/4-1-1-basic-concepts-of-organic-chemistry\/aldehyde\/\">Aldehyde<\/a><\/li>\n      <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/ocr-a\/4-1-1-basic-concepts-of-organic-chemistry\/ketone\/\">Ketone<\/a><\/li>\n      <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/ocr-a\/4-1-1-basic-concepts-of-organic-chemistry\/carboxylic-acid\/\">Carboxylic Acid<\/a><\/li>\n      <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/ocr-a\/4-1-1-basic-concepts-of-organic-chemistry\/ester\/\">Ester<\/a><\/li>\n      <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/ocr-a\/4-1-1-basic-concepts-of-organic-chemistry\/isomerism\/\">Isomerism<\/a><\/li>\n      <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/ocr-a\/4-1-1-basic-concepts-of-organic-chemistry\/aliphatic-alicyclic-and-aromatic-compounds\/\">Aliphatic, Alicyclic and Aromatic Compounds<\/a><\/li>\n      <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/ocr-a\/4-1-1-basic-concepts-of-organic-chemistry\/curly-arrows-and-mechanisms\/\">Curly Arrows and Mechanisms<\/a><\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\n    <h4>Other OCR Sections<\/h4>\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\n      <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/ocr-a\/4-1-2-alkanes\/\">4.1.2 Alkanes<\/a><\/li>\n      <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/ocr-a\/4-1-3-alkenes\/\">4.1.3 Alkenes<\/a><\/li>\n      <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/ocr-a\/4-2-1-alcohols\/\">4.2.1 Alcohols<\/a><\/li>\n      <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/ocr-a\/4-2-2-haloalkanes\/\">4.2.2 Haloalkanes<\/a><\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n  <\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<script>\r\n(function() {\r\n  function normalisePath(path) {\r\n    return String(path || '')\r\n      .split('?')[0]\r\n      .split('#')[0]\r\n      .replace(\/\\\/+$\/, '')\r\n      .toLowerCase();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function highlightActive() {\r\n    var sidebar = document.querySelector('.ols-sidebar');\r\n    if (!sidebar) return false;\r\n\r\n    var currentPath = normalisePath(window.location.pathname);\r\n    var links = sidebar.querySelectorAll('a[href]');\r\n    var matched = null;\r\n    var matchedLength = 0;\r\n\r\n    sidebar.querySelectorAll('.active, .active-main, .parent-active').forEach(function(item) {\r\n      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grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 14px; }\n      .ols-ocr411-spec-section { padding: 52px 0 64px; }\n      .ols-ocr411-spec-wrap { padding: 24px 18px; border-radius: 20px; }\n      .ols-ocr411-info-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }\n      .ols-ocr411-spec-row { flex-direction: column; }\n      .ols-ocr411-spec-code { flex: 0 0 auto; min-height: 34px; }\n    }\n  <\/style>\n\n  <!-- BREADCRUMB BAR -->\n  <div class=\"ols-ocr411-breadcrumb-bar\">\n    <div class=\"ols-ocr411-container\">\n      <nav class=\"ols-ocr411-breadcrumb\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/\">Revision Notes<\/a> \/\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/\">A Level Chemistry<\/a> \/\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/ocr-a\/\">OCR<\/a> \/\n        <span>4.1.1 Basic Concepts of Organic Chemistry<\/span>\n      <\/nav>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <!-- INTRO -->\n  <section class=\"ols-ocr411-intro\">\n    <div class=\"ols-ocr411-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-ocr411-intro-inner\">\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-eyebrow\">OCR A Level Chemistry A<\/div>\n          <h1>4.1.1<br>Basic Concepts of Organic Chemistry<\/h1>\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-accent-bar\"><\/div>\n          <p class=\"ols-ocr411-intro-lead\">OCR 4.1.1 covers the IUPAC rules for naming organic compounds, general, structural, displayed and skeletal formulae, the terminology of homologous series and functional groups, structural isomerism, and the conventions for homolytic and heterolytic fission, radicals and curly arrows used in mechanisms.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"ols-ocr411-info-grid\">\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-ocr411-info-card-label\">Exam Paper<\/div><div class=\"ols-ocr411-info-card-value\">Paper 2<\/div><div class=\"ols-ocr411-info-card-sub\">H432\/02<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-ocr411-info-card-label\">Specification Points<\/div><div class=\"ols-ocr411-info-card-value\">4.1.1(a) &#8211; 4.1.1(i)<\/div><div class=\"ols-ocr411-info-card-sub\">9 learning outcomes<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-ocr411-info-card-label\">Topic Parts<\/div><div class=\"ols-ocr411-info-card-value\">11 parts<\/div><div class=\"ols-ocr411-info-card-sub\">Revision notes available<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-ocr411-info-card-label\">Exam Board<\/div><div class=\"ols-ocr411-info-card-value\">OCR<\/div><div class=\"ols-ocr411-info-card-sub\">OCR H432<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- TOPIC CARDS -->\n  <section class=\"ols-ocr411-topics\">\n    <div class=\"ols-ocr411-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-ocr411-section-header\">\n        <h2 class=\"ols-ocr411-section-title\">Revision Notes<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"ols-ocr411-section-sub\">Work through each part of OCR 4.1.1 in a structured sequence.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"ols-ocr411-cards-grid\">\n        <!-- Card 1: IUPAC Rules -->\n        <a class=\"ols-ocr411-card ols-ocr411-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/ocr-a\/4-1-1-basic-concepts-of-organic-chemistry\/iupac-rules\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual ols-ocr411-visual--ionic\">\n              <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-kicker\">Nomenclature<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-main\">IUPAC<br>Rules<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-config-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>C\u2099H\u2082\u2099\u208a\u2082<\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-num\">1<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-ocr411-card-title\">IUPAC Rules<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-ocr411-card-desc\">Formulae, homologous series and the IUPAC rules for naming chains, rings and functional groups.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-ocr411-card-cta\">Start revising<svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n        <!-- Card 2: Alkene -->\n        <a class=\"ols-ocr411-card ols-ocr411-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/ocr-a\/4-1-1-basic-concepts-of-organic-chemistry\/alkene\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual ols-ocr411-visual--covalent\">\n              <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-kicker\">Functional group<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-main\">Alkenes<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-config-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>C=C<\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-num\">2<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-ocr411-card-title\">Alkene<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-ocr411-card-desc\">Naming alkenes with the -ene suffix, locants for the double bond and E-Z prefixes.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-ocr411-card-cta\">Start revising<svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n        <!-- Card 3: Alcohol -->\n        <a class=\"ols-ocr411-card ols-ocr411-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/ocr-a\/4-1-1-basic-concepts-of-organic-chemistry\/alcohol\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual ols-ocr411-visual--metallic\">\n              <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-kicker\">Functional group<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-main\">Alcohols<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-config-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>R-OH<\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-num\">3<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-ocr411-card-title\">Alcohol<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-ocr411-card-desc\">Naming alcohols with the -ol suffix and locating the hydroxyl group.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-ocr411-card-cta\">Start revising<svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n        <!-- Card 4: Haloalkanes -->\n        <a class=\"ols-ocr411-card ols-ocr411-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/ocr-a\/4-1-1-basic-concepts-of-organic-chemistry\/haloalkanes\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual ols-ocr411-visual--shapes\">\n              <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-kicker\">Functional group<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-main\">Haloalkanes<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-config-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>C-X<\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-num\">4<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-ocr411-card-title\">Haloalkanes<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-ocr411-card-desc\">Naming compounds with fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo prefixes in alphabetical order.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-ocr411-card-cta\">Start revising<svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n        <!-- Card 5: Aldehyde -->\n        <a class=\"ols-ocr411-card ols-ocr411-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/ocr-a\/4-1-1-basic-concepts-of-organic-chemistry\/aldehyde\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual ols-ocr411-visual--forces\">\n              <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-kicker\">Functional group<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-main\">Aldehydes<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-config-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>CHO<\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-num\">5<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-ocr411-card-title\">Aldehyde<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-ocr411-card-desc\">Naming aldehydes with the -al suffix and recognising the terminal carbonyl group.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-ocr411-card-cta\">Start revising<svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n        <!-- Card 6: Ketone -->\n        <a class=\"ols-ocr411-card ols-ocr411-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/ocr-a\/4-1-1-basic-concepts-of-organic-chemistry\/ketone\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual ols-ocr411-visual--giant\">\n              <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-kicker\">Functional group<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-main\">Ketones<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-config-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>C=O<\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-num\">6<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-ocr411-card-title\">Ketone<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-ocr411-card-desc\">Naming ketones with the -one suffix and locating the carbonyl group in the chain.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-ocr411-card-cta\">Start revising<svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n        <!-- Card 7: Carboxylic Acid -->\n        <a class=\"ols-ocr411-card ols-ocr411-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/ocr-a\/4-1-1-basic-concepts-of-organic-chemistry\/carboxylic-acid\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual ols-ocr411-visual--ionic\">\n              <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-kicker\">Functional group<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-main\">Carboxylic<br>Acids<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-config-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>COOH<\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-num\">7<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-ocr411-card-title\">Carboxylic Acid<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-ocr411-card-desc\">Naming carboxylic acids with the -oic acid suffix and their high priority in naming.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-ocr411-card-cta\">Start revising<svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n        <!-- Card 8: Ester -->\n        <a class=\"ols-ocr411-card ols-ocr411-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/ocr-a\/4-1-1-basic-concepts-of-organic-chemistry\/ester\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual ols-ocr411-visual--covalent\">\n              <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-kicker\">Functional group<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-main\">Esters<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-config-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>COOR<\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-num\">8<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-ocr411-card-title\">Ester<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-ocr411-card-desc\">Naming esters from the alcohol and acid parts, and drawing their structures.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-ocr411-card-cta\">Start revising<svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n        <!-- Card 9: Isomerism -->\n        <a class=\"ols-ocr411-card ols-ocr411-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/ocr-a\/4-1-1-basic-concepts-of-organic-chemistry\/isomerism\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual ols-ocr411-visual--metallic\">\n              <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-kicker\">Isomerism<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-main\">Structural<br>Isomers<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-config-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>C\u2084H\u2081\u2080<\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-num\">9<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-ocr411-card-title\">Isomerism<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-ocr411-card-desc\">Chain, position and functional group isomerism, and drawing isomers from a molecular formula.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-ocr411-card-cta\">Start revising<svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n<!-- Card 10: Aliphatic, Alicyclic and Aromatic Compounds -->\n        <a class=\"ols-ocr411-card ols-ocr411-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/ocr-a\/4-1-1-basic-concepts-of-organic-chemistry\/aliphatic-alicyclic-and-aromatic-compounds\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual ols-ocr411-visual--shapes\">\n              <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-kicker\">Classification<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-main\">Aliphatic<br>Aromatic<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-config-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>C\u2086H\u2086<\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-num\">10<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-ocr411-card-title\">Aliphatic, Alicyclic and Aromatic Compounds<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-ocr411-card-desc\">The OCR terms aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic, and saturated and unsaturated including C\u2261C and benzene rings (4.1.1(c)).<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-ocr411-card-cta\">Start revising<svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n<!-- Card 11: Curly Arrows and Mechanisms -->\n        <a class=\"ols-ocr411-card ols-ocr411-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/ocr-a\/4-1-1-basic-concepts-of-organic-chemistry\/curly-arrows-and-mechanisms\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual ols-ocr411-visual--covalent\">\n              <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-kicker\">Mechanisms<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-visual-main\">Curly<br>Arrows<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-ocr411-config-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>&#8640; e&#8315;<\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-num\">11<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-ocr411-card-title\">Curly Arrows and Mechanisms<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-ocr411-card-desc\">What a curly arrow means, heterolytic fission and bond formation, dipoles, and how to draw a mechanism (4.1.1(h)-(i)).<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-ocr411-card-cta\">Start revising<svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n  <!-- SPECIFICATION -->\n  <section class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-section\">\n    <div class=\"ols-ocr411-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-wrap\">\n        <div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-pill\">Specification Coverage<\/div>\n        <h2 class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-heading\">4.1.1 Basic Concepts of Organic Chemistry &#8211; OCR A Level Chemistry A<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-intro-text\">The following OCR specification points outline the knowledge and skills students are expected to demonstrate for Basic Concepts of Organic Chemistry.<\/p>\n        <h3 class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-group-title\">4.1.1 Basic Concepts of Organic Chemistry<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-rows\">\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-row ols-ocr411-spec-row--light\">\n<div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-code\">4.1.1(a)<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-text\"><strong>Naming organic compounds<\/strong><br>Application of IUPAC rules of nomenclature for systematically naming organic compounds.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-row ols-ocr411-spec-row--mid\">\n<div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-code ols-ocr411-spec-code--mid\">4.1.1(b)<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-text\"><strong>Formulae<\/strong><br>Interpretation and use of the terms:<div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-code\">(i)<\/div><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-text\">general formula (the simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series), e.g. for an alkane C\u2099H\u2082\u2099\u208a\u2082<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-code\">(ii)<\/div><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-text\">structural formula (the minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule), e.g. for butane CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-code\">(iii)<\/div><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-text\">displayed formula (the relative positioning of atoms and the bonds between them)<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-code\">(iv)<\/div><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-text\">skeletal formula (the simplified organic formula, showing just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-row ols-ocr411-spec-row--light\">\n<div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-code\">4.1.1(c)<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-text\"><strong>Terminology<\/strong><br>Interpretation and use of the terms:<div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-code\">(i)<\/div><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-text\">homologous series<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-code\">(ii)<\/div><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-text\">functional group<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-code\">(iii)<\/div><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-text\">alkyl group (C<sub>n<\/sub>H<sub>2n+1<\/sub>)<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-code\">(iv)<\/div><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-text\">aliphatic<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-code\">(v)<\/div><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-text\">alicyclic<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-code\">(vi)<\/div><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-text\">aromatic<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-code\">(vii)<\/div><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-text\">saturated and unsaturated<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-row ols-ocr411-spec-row--mid\">\n<div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-code ols-ocr411-spec-code--mid\">4.1.1(d)<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-text\"><strong>General formula<\/strong><br>Use of the general formula of a homologous series to predict the formula of any member of the series.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-row ols-ocr411-spec-row--light\">\n<div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-code\">4.1.1(e)<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-text\"><strong>Structural isomers<\/strong><br>Explanation of the term structural isomers (compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae) and determination of possible structural formulae of an organic molecule, given its molecular formula.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-row ols-ocr411-spec-row--mid\">\n<div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-code ols-ocr411-spec-code--mid\">4.1.1(f)<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-text\"><strong>Bond fission<\/strong><br>The different types of covalent bond fission:<div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-code\">(i)<\/div><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-text\">homolytic fission (each bonding atom receives one electron from the bonded pair, forming two radicals)<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-code\">(ii)<\/div><div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-sub-text\">heterolytic fission (one bonding atom receives both electrons from the bonded pair)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-row ols-ocr411-spec-row--light\">\n<div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-code\">4.1.1(g)<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-text\"><strong>Radicals<\/strong><br>The term radical (a species with an unpaired electron) and use of dots to represent species that are radicals in mechanisms.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-row ols-ocr411-spec-row--mid\">\n<div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-code ols-ocr411-spec-code--mid\">4.1.1(h)<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-text\"><strong>Curly arrows<\/strong><br>A curly arrow described as the movement of an electron pair, showing either heterolytic fission or formation of a covalent bond.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-row ols-ocr411-spec-row--light\">\n<div class=\"ols-ocr411-spec-code\">4.1.1(i)<\/div>\n<div 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