{"id":8169,"date":"2026-09-16T17:33:54","date_gmt":"2026-09-16T16:33:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/intermolecular-forces\/"},"modified":"2026-09-19T19:39:16","modified_gmt":"2026-09-19T18:39:16","slug":"intermolecular-forces","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/intermolecular-forces\/","title":{"rendered":"3.6 Intermolecular Forces"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"ols-revision-page ols-covalent-bonding-landing-page\">\n  <style>\n    .ols-revision-page {\n      --navy: #1C244B;\n      --blue: #2563eb;\n      --soft-blue: #eef4ff;\n      --soft-red: #fff7f7;\n      --soft-purple: #f7f0ff;\n      --soft-green: #f0f7f1;\n      --soft-orange: #fff7ed;\n      --gold: #c9973a;\n      --grey-text: #667085;\n      --body-text: #1f2937;\n      --border: rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.14);\n      --shadow: 0 18px 45px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.10);\n      --inner-shadow: 0 10px 26px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.08);\n      font-family: Poppins, Arial, sans-serif;\n      color: var(--navy);\n      background: #ffffff;\n    }\n\n    .ols-revision-page * { box-sizing: border-box; }\n\n    .ols-revision-layout {\n      display: block;\n      max-width: 1450px;\n      margin: 0 auto;\n      padding: 24px 20px 60px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-breadcrumbs {\n      display: flex;\n      flex-wrap: wrap;\n      gap: 8px;\n      margin: 10px 0 22px;\n      font-size: 15px;\n      color: var(--grey-text);\n    }\n\n    .ols-breadcrumbs a,\n    .ols-breadcrumbs span {\n      color: var(--grey-text);\n      text-decoration: none;\n      font-weight: 600;\n    }\n\n    .ols-breadcrumbs a:hover {\n      color: var(--blue);\n      text-decoration: underline;\n      text-underline-offset: 3px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-title-card,\n    .ols-note-card,\n    .ols-related-card,\n    .ols-attribution-card {\n      background: #ffffff;\n      border: 1px solid var(--border);\n      border-radius: 28px;\n      box-shadow: var(--shadow);\n      padding: 34px;\n      margin-bottom: 24px;\n      overflow: hidden;\n    }\n\n    .ols-title-card {\n      background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, #f8fbff 100%);\n    }\n\n    .ols-title-card h1 {\n      margin: 0 0 18px;\n      font-size: clamp(36px, 5vw, 58px);\n      line-height: 1.08;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      letter-spacing: -0.04em;\n      color: #111827;\n    }\n\n    .ols-page-intro {\n      font-size: 19px;\n      line-height: 1.7;\n      font-weight: 300;\n      color: var(--body-text);\n      margin: 0 0 22px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-badges {\n      display: flex;\n      flex-wrap: wrap;\n      gap: 12px;\n      margin-bottom: 22px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-badge {\n      display: inline-flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      padding: 9px 14px;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      background: #ffffff;\n      border: 1px solid var(--border);\n      font-size: 15px;\n      font-weight: 600;\n      color: var(--navy);\n    }\n\n    .ols-author {\n      display: flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      gap: 20px;\n      padding: 28px;\n      border-radius: 28px;\n      background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, #f8fbff 100%);\n      border: 1px solid rgba(28,36,75,0.12);\n      box-shadow: 0 18px 45px rgba(28,36,75,0.10);\n      margin-top: 22px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-author-avatar-img {\n      width: 92px;\n      height: 92px;\n      border-radius: 50%;\n      object-fit: cover;\n      object-position: center;\n      flex-shrink: 0;\n      border: 4px solid #ffffff;\n      box-shadow: 0 14px 32px rgba(28,36,75,0.18), 0 0 0 1px rgba(28,36,75,0.10);\n      transition: transform 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;\n    }\n\n    .ols-author:hover .ols-author-avatar-img {\n      transform: scale(1.04);\n      box-shadow: 0 20px 42px rgba(28,36,75,0.22), 0 0 0 1px rgba(28,36,75,0.10);\n    }\n\n    .ols-author-content { min-width: 0; }\n\n    .ols-author-title {\n      margin: 0 0 4px;\n      font-size: clamp(24px,3vw,34px);\n      line-height: 1.15;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      color: var(--navy);\n      letter-spacing: -0.03em;\n    }\n\n    .ols-author-description {\n      margin: 0;\n      font-size: 17px;\n      line-height: 1.7;\n      font-weight: 300;\n      color: var(--grey-text);\n    }\n\n    .ols-linkedin-pill {\n      display: inline-flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      justify-content: center;\n      gap: 10px;\n      margin-top: 16px;\n      padding: 11px 18px;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      background: linear-gradient(135deg,#0A66C2,#004182);\n      color: #ffffff;\n      text-decoration: none;\n      font-size: 14px;\n      line-height: 1;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      letter-spacing: 0.01em;\n      box-shadow: 0 10px 22px rgba(10,102,194,0.24);\n      position: relative;\n      overflow: hidden;\n      transition: transform 0.22s ease, box-shadow 0.22s ease;\n    }\n\n    .ols-linkedin-pill::before {\n      content: \"\";\n      position: absolute;\n      top: 0;\n      left: -120%;\n      width: 100%;\n      height: 100%;\n      background: linear-gradient(120deg, rgba(255,255,255,0) 0%, rgba(255,255,255,0.28) 50%, rgba(255,255,255,0) 100%);\n      transition: left 0.7s ease;\n    }\n\n    .ols-linkedin-pill:hover {\n      transform: translateY(-3px) scale(1.03);\n      box-shadow: 0 16px 34px rgba(10,102,194,0.34), 0 0 0 6px rgba(10,102,194,0.10);\n      color: #ffffff;\n    }\n\n    .ols-linkedin-pill:hover::before { left: 120%; }\n\n    .ols-linkedin-icon {\n      width: 18px;\n      height: 18px;\n      display: block;\n      flex-shrink: 0;\n    }\n\n    .ols-note-card.soft { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, var(--soft-red) 100%); }\n    .ols-note-card.purple { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, var(--soft-purple) 100%); }\n\n    .ols-note-title {\n      display: flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      gap: 14px;\n      margin-bottom: 20px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-note-icon {\n      width: 52px;\n      height: 52px;\n      border-radius: 16px;\n      background: var(--navy);\n      color: #ffffff;\n      display: grid;\n      place-items: center;\n      font-size: 24px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      flex-shrink: 0;\n    }\n\n    .ols-note-title h2,\n    .ols-related-card h2 {\n      margin: 0;\n      font-size: clamp(28px, 3.5vw, 42px);\n      line-height: 1.15;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      color: #111827;\n      letter-spacing: -0.03em;\n    }\n\n    .ols-related-card h2 { margin-bottom: 14px; }\n\n    .ols-note-card p,\n    .ols-note-card li,\n    .ols-related-card p,\n    .ols-attribution-card p {\n      font-size: clamp(15px, 1.3vw, 18px);\n      line-height: 1.65;\n      font-weight: 300;\n      color: var(--body-text);\n    }\n\n    .ols-note-card strong,\n    .ols-related-card strong,\n    .ols-attribution-card strong {\n      font-weight: 700;\n      color: var(--navy);\n    }\n\n    .ols-key-box {\n      margin-top: 20px;\n      background: var(--soft-green);\n      border: 1px solid rgba(63, 143, 70, 0.25);\n      border-radius: 20px;\n      padding: 18px 20px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-key-box p {\n      margin: 0;\n      font-weight: 400;\n      color: var(--navy);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-grid {\n      display: grid;\n      grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));\n      gap: 18px;\n      margin-top: 26px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-card {\n      position: relative;\n      display: grid;\n      grid-template-rows: auto 1fr auto;\n      min-height: 285px;\n      padding: 24px;\n      border-radius: 24px;\n      border: 1px solid rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.13);\n      background:\n        radial-gradient(circle at top right, rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.13), transparent 34%),\n        linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, #f8fbff 100%);\n      color: var(--navy);\n      text-decoration: none;\n      overflow: hidden;\n      box-shadow: var(--inner-shadow);\n      transition: transform 0.24s ease, box-shadow 0.24s ease, border-color 0.24s ease, background 0.24s ease;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-card:hover {\n      transform: translateY(-6px);\n      border-color: rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.28);\n      box-shadow: 0 24px 52px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.15);\n      color: var(--navy);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-card::before {\n      content: \"\";\n      position: absolute;\n      top: -60px;\n      right: -60px;\n      width: 145px;\n      height: 145px;\n      border-radius: 50%;\n      background: rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.08);\n      transition: transform 0.28s ease, background 0.28s ease;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-card:hover::before {\n      transform: scale(1.22);\n      background: rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.13);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-visual {\n      position: relative;\n      z-index: 1;\n      min-height: 94px;\n      display: flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      justify-content: center;\n      margin-bottom: 18px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-icon {\n      position: relative;\n      width: 150px;\n      height: 94px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-line,\n    .ols-ert-arrow,\n    .ols-ert-label-mini,\n    .ols-ert-ion,\n    .ols-ert-pull,\n    .ols-ert-lattice {\n      position: absolute;\n      display: block;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-atom,\n    .ols-ert-shared,\n    .ols-ert-donor,\n    .ols-ert-acceptor,\n    .ols-ert-bond-pull {\n      position: absolute;\n      display: block;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-covalent .ols-ert-atom {\n      width: 42px;\n      height: 42px;\n      border-radius: 50%;\n      display: grid;\n      place-items: center;\n      color: #ffffff;\n      font-size: 14px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      box-shadow: 0 12px 24px rgba(28,36,75,0.14);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-covalent .ols-ert-atom.left {\n      left: 25px;\n      top: 25px;\n      background: var(--blue);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-covalent .ols-ert-atom.right {\n      right: 25px;\n      top: 25px;\n      background: var(--gold);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-covalent .ols-ert-shared {\n      left: 67px;\n      top: 43px;\n      width: 18px;\n      height: 8px;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      background: var(--navy);\n      box-shadow: 16px 0 0 var(--navy);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-covalent .ols-ert-label-mini {\n      left: 39px;\n      bottom: 8px;\n      color: var(--blue);\n      font-size: 13px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-dative .ols-ert-donor {\n      left: 24px;\n      top: 24px;\n      width: 44px;\n      height: 44px;\n      border-radius: 16px;\n      display: grid;\n      place-items: center;\n      background: rgba(238, 244, 255, 0.96);\n      border: 3px solid rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.32);\n      color: var(--blue);\n      font-size: 26px;\n      line-height: 1;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      box-shadow: 0 10px 22px rgba(28,36,75,0.10);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-dative .ols-ert-arrow {\n      left: 73px;\n      top: 44px;\n      width: 38px;\n      height: 3px;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      background: rgba(201,151,58,0.88);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-dative .ols-ert-arrow::after {\n      content: \"\";\n      position: absolute;\n      right: -1px;\n      top: 50%;\n      transform: translateY(-50%);\n      border-left: 10px solid rgba(201,151,58,0.88);\n      border-top: 6px solid transparent;\n      border-bottom: 6px solid transparent;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-dative .ols-ert-acceptor {\n      right: 18px;\n      top: 28px;\n      min-width: 42px;\n      height: 38px;\n      padding: 0 8px;\n      border-radius: 14px;\n      display: grid;\n      place-items: center;\n      color: #ffffff;\n      font-size: 14px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      background: var(--gold);\n      box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.16);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-dative .ols-ert-label-mini {\n      left: 24px;\n      bottom: 8px;\n      color: var(--gold);\n      font-size: 13px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-electronegativity .ols-ert-atom {\n      border-radius: 50%;\n      display: grid;\n      place-items: center;\n      color: #ffffff;\n      font-size: 13px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      box-shadow: 0 12px 24px rgba(28,36,75,0.14);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-electronegativity .ols-ert-atom.small {\n      left: 25px;\n      top: 30px;\n      width: 34px;\n      height: 34px;\n      background: var(--blue);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-electronegativity .ols-ert-atom.large {\n      right: 21px;\n      top: 22px;\n      width: 50px;\n      height: 50px;\n      background: var(--gold);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-electronegativity .ols-ert-bond-pull {\n      left: 63px;\n      top: 45px;\n      width: 42px;\n      height: 4px;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      background: rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.58);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-electronegativity .ols-ert-bond-pull::after {\n      content: \"\";\n      position: absolute;\n      right: -1px;\n      top: 50%;\n      transform: translateY(-50%);\n      border-left: 11px solid rgba(28,36,75,0.58);\n      border-top: 7px solid transparent;\n      border-bottom: 7px solid transparent;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-electronegativity .ols-ert-label-mini {\n      left: 35px;\n      bottom: 8px;\n      color: var(--blue);\n      font-size: 13px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-card h3 {\n      position: relative;\n      z-index: 1;\n      margin: 0 0 10px;\n      font-size: 23px;\n      line-height: 1.2;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      letter-spacing: -0.02em;\n      color: #111827;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-card p {\n      position: relative;\n      z-index: 1;\n      margin: 0;\n      font-size: 15px;\n      line-height: 1.6;\n      font-weight: 300;\n      color: var(--body-text);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-card,\n    .ols-ert-card *,\n    .ols-ert-card:hover,\n    .ols-ert-card:hover *,\n    .ols-related-item,\n    .ols-related-item *,\n    .ols-related-item:hover,\n    .ols-related-item:hover * {\n      text-decoration: none !important;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-meta {\n      position: relative;\n      z-index: 1;\n      display: inline-flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      justify-content: center;\n      margin-top: 20px;\n      padding: 10px 14px;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      background: var(--navy);\n      color: #ffffff;\n      font-size: 13px;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      width: fit-content;\n      transition: background 0.22s ease, transform 0.22s ease;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-card:hover .ols-ert-meta {\n      background: var(--blue);\n      transform: translateX(4px);\n    }\n\n    .ols-related-grid {\n      display: grid;\n      grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));\n      gap: 16px;\n      margin-top: 18px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-related-item {\n      border: 1px solid var(--border);\n      border-radius: 18px;\n      padding: 18px;\n      background: #ffffff;\n      color: var(--navy);\n      text-decoration: none;\n      font-weight: 600;\n      line-height: 1.5;\n      transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease, color 0.2s ease;\n    }\n\n    .ols-related-item:hover {\n      transform: translateY(-2px);\n      box-shadow: 0 10px 22px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.08);\n      color: var(--blue);\n    }\n\n    .ols-attribution-card {\n      background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, #f8fbff 100%);\n    }\n\n    .ols-attribution-card p {\n      margin: 0;\n      font-size: 14px;\n      color: var(--grey-text);\n    }\n\n    @media (max-width: 1050px) {\n      .ols-revision-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }\n      .ols-main { max-width: none; }\n      .ols-ert-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }\n      .ols-related-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }\n    }\n\n    @media (max-width: 760px) {\n      .ols-revision-layout { padding: 14px 12px 44px; }\n      .ols-title-card, .ols-note-card, .ols-related-card, .ols-attribution-card { padding: 24px 18px; border-radius: 22px; }\n      .ols-note-title { align-items: flex-start; }\n      .ols-author { align-items: flex-start; padding: 22px 18px; border-radius: 22px; }\n      .ols-author-avatar-img { width: 72px; height: 72px; }\n      .ols-author-title { font-size: 24px; }\n      .ols-author-description { font-size: 15px; }\n      .ols-ert-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }\n      .ols-ert-card { min-height: 255px; }\n      .ols-related-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }\n    }\n\n    \/* =========================================================\n       SIMPLE COLOURFUL LANDING PAGE CARD VISUALS\n       Robust symbol-based cards for WordPress landing pages.\n    ========================================================= *\/\n\n    .ols-ert-grid {\n      grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)) !important;\n      gap: 22px !important;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-card {\n      display: flex !important;\n      flex-direction: column !important;\n      padding: 0 !important;\n      min-height: 0 !important;\n      border-radius: 24px !important;\n      overflow: hidden !important;\n      background: #ffffff !important;\n      box-shadow: 0 14px 34px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.10) !important;\n      transition:\n        transform 0.28s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.56, 0.64, 1),\n        box-shadow 0.28s ease,\n        border-color 0.28s ease !important;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-card:hover {\n      transform: translateY(-10px) scale(1.02) !important;\n      box-shadow: 0 28px 56px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.16) !important;\n      border-color: rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.35) !important;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-card::before {\n      display: none !important;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-card-img-wrap {\n      position: relative;\n      width: 100%;\n      aspect-ratio: 4 \/ 3;\n      overflow: hidden;\n      background: var(--soft-blue);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-card-img-wrap::after {\n      content: \"\";\n      position: absolute;\n      inset: 0;\n      background: linear-gradient(180deg, transparent 40%, rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.22) 100%);\n      opacity: 0;\n      transition: opacity 0.28s ease;\n      z-index: 1;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-card:hover .ols-ert-card-img-wrap::after {\n      opacity: 1;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-card-num {\n      position: absolute;\n      top: 14px;\n      left: 14px;\n      width: 34px;\n      height: 34px;\n      border-radius: 50%;\n      background: var(--navy);\n      color: #ffffff;\n      font-size: 13px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      display: flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      justify-content: center;\n      z-index: 4;\n      box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.30);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-card-status {\n      position: absolute;\n      top: 14px;\n      right: 14px;\n      padding: 5px 11px;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      background: #eaf3de;\n      color: #3B6D11;\n      font-size: 10px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      letter-spacing: 0.01em;\n      z-index: 4;\n      box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.12);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-card-body {\n      padding: 20px 20px 24px;\n      flex: 1;\n      display: flex;\n      flex-direction: column;\n      gap: 8px;\n      background: #ffffff;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-card-body h3 {\n      margin: 0 !important;\n      font-size: 18px !important;\n      line-height: 1.25 !important;\n      font-weight: 800 !important;\n      letter-spacing: -0.025em !important;\n      color: #111827 !important;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-card-body p {\n      margin: 0 !important;\n      font-size: 13px !important;\n      line-height: 1.62 !important;\n      font-weight: 300 !important;\n      color: var(--grey-text) !important;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-meta {\n      margin-top: 12px !important;\n      padding: 0 !important;\n      background: transparent !important;\n      color: var(--blue) !important;\n      font-size: 13px !important;\n      font-weight: 800 !important;\n      display: inline-flex !important;\n      align-items: center !important;\n      gap: 6px !important;\n      transition: transform 0.22s ease, color 0.22s ease !important;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-meta::after {\n      content: \"\u2192\";\n      font-size: 16px;\n      line-height: 1;\n      transition: transform 0.22s ease;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-card:hover .ols-ert-meta {\n      background: transparent !important;\n      transform: none !important;\n      color: var(--blue) !important;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-card:hover .ols-ert-meta::after {\n      transform: translateX(4px);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-visual {\n      position: absolute !important;\n      inset: 0 !important;\n      min-height: 0 !important;\n      margin: 0 !important;\n      padding: 32px 24px 24px !important;\n      overflow: hidden;\n      display: flex !important;\n      align-items: center !important;\n      justify-content: center !important;\n      z-index: 0 !important;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-visual::before,\n    .ols-ert-visual::after {\n      content: \"\";\n      position: absolute;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      opacity: 0.72;\n      filter: blur(1px);\n      z-index: 0;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-visual::before {\n      width: 170px;\n      height: 170px;\n      left: -58px;\n      bottom: -66px;\n      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.35);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-visual::after {\n      width: 118px;\n      height: 118px;\n      right: -42px;\n      top: -34px;\n      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.28);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-visual-panel {\n      position: relative;\n      z-index: 2;\n      width: min(84%, 260px);\n      min-height: 150px;\n      border-radius: 24px;\n      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.48);\n      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.78);\n      box-shadow: 0 18px 38px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.18);\n      backdrop-filter: blur(10px);\n      -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(10px);\n      display: flex;\n      flex-direction: column;\n      align-items: center;\n      justify-content: center;\n      text-align: center;\n      padding: 18px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-visual-kicker {\n      display: inline-flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      justify-content: center;\n      min-height: 25px;\n      padding: 4px 10px;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      background: rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.08);\n      color: var(--navy);\n      font-size: 10px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      text-transform: uppercase;\n      letter-spacing: 0.08em;\n      margin-bottom: 10px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-simple-symbol {\n      display: flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      justify-content: center;\n      min-height: 54px;\n      color: var(--navy);\n      font-size: clamp(30px, 4vw, 44px);\n      line-height: 1;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      letter-spacing: -0.05em;\n      white-space: nowrap;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-simple-symbol.small {\n      font-size: clamp(26px, 3.5vw, 38px);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-visual-main {\n      font-size: clamp(22px, 3vw, 32px);\n      font-weight: 800;\n      color: var(--navy);\n      line-height: 1.05;\n      letter-spacing: -0.05em;\n      margin-top: 10px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-visual-sub {\n      font-size: 11px;\n      font-weight: 500;\n      color: #4b5575;\n      line-height: 1.45;\n      margin-top: 8px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-visual--covalent {\n      background:\n        radial-gradient(circle at 24% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.42), transparent 24%),\n        linear-gradient(135deg, #eef6ff 0%, #8fb9ff 45%, #467FF7 100%);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-visual--dative {\n      background:\n        radial-gradient(circle at 22% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.42), transparent 24%),\n        linear-gradient(135deg, #fff8e8 0%, #e5bd62 45%, #9a6b13 100%);\n    }\n\n    .ols-ert-visual--electronegativity {\n      background:\n        radial-gradient(circle at 24% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.42), transparent 24%),\n        linear-gradient(135deg, #f4ecff 0%, #b997ff 45%, #7356d8 100%);\n    }\n\n    @media (max-width: 760px) {\n      .ols-ert-grid {\n        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;\n      }\n\n      .ols-ert-card-img-wrap {\n        aspect-ratio: 16 \/ 10;\n      }\n\n      .ols-ert-visual-panel {\n        width: min(88%, 280px);\n        min-height: 140px;\n      }\n    }\n\n\n  \n    .ols-figure-placeholder .ols-placeholder-box { border: 2px dashed #c9973a; background: #fffaf0; border-radius: 16px; padding: 26px 22px; font-weight: 700; color: #7a4b12; text-align: center; line-height: 1.6; }\n    .ols-figure-placeholder .ols-figure-image { background: transparent; }\n    .ols-figure-placeholder { background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.12); border-radius: 22px; padding: 14px; margin: 18px 0 6px; }\n    .ols-figure-placeholder .ols-figure-caption p { margin: 10px 0 0; font-size: 14px; color: #667085; text-align: center; }\n:root { --ols-navy: #1C244B; --ols-blue: #467FF7; --ols-soft-blue: #EEF4FF; --ols-border: rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.12); --ols-shadow: 0 18px 45px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.12); --ols-shadow-soft: 0 10px 28px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.09); --ols-muted: #4b5575; }\n    .ols-sub-cards-grid { margin-top: 26px; }\n    .ols-sub-cards-grid {\n      display: grid;\n      grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));\n      gap: 20px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-card {\n      display: flex;\n      flex-direction: column;\n      background: #ffffff;\n      border: 1px solid var(--ols-border);\n      border-radius: 22px;\n      overflow: hidden;\n      box-shadow: var(--ols-shadow-soft);\n      text-decoration: none;\n      color: var(--ols-navy);\n      transition:\n        transform 0.28s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.56, 0.64, 1),\n        box-shadow 0.28s ease,\n        border-color 0.28s ease;\n      position: relative;\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-card.ols-sub-card--available:hover {\n      transform: translateY(-10px) scale(1.02);\n      box-shadow: 0 28px 56px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.16);\n      border-color: rgba(70, 127, 247, 0.35);\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-card.ols-sub-card--available:hover .ols-sub-card-img-wrap::after {\n      opacity: 1;\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-card-img-wrap {\n      position: relative;\n      width: 100%;\n      aspect-ratio: 4 \/ 3;\n      background: var(--ols-soft-blue);\n      overflow: hidden;\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-card-img-wrap::after {\n      content: \"\";\n      position: absolute;\n      inset: 0;\n      background: linear-gradient(180deg, transparent 40%, rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.20) 100%);\n      opacity: 0;\n      transition: opacity 0.28s ease;\n      z-index: 1;\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-card-num {\n      position: absolute;\n      top: 12px;\n      left: 12px;\n      width: 32px;\n      height: 32px;\n      border-radius: 50%;\n      background: var(--ols-navy);\n      color: #ffffff;\n      font-size: 13px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      display: flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      justify-content: center;\n      z-index: 3;\n      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.28);\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-card-status {\n      position: absolute;\n      top: 12px;\n      right: 12px;\n      padding: 4px 10px;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      font-size: 10px;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      z-index: 3;\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-card-status--available {\n      background: #eaf3de;\n      color: #3B6D11;\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-card-body {\n      padding: 18px 18px 22px;\n      flex: 1;\n      display: flex;\n      flex-direction: column;\n      gap: 6px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-card-title {\n      font-size: 14px;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      color: var(--ols-navy);\n      line-height: 1.35;\n      margin: 0;\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-card-desc {\n      font-size: 12px;\n      font-weight: 300;\n      color: var(--ols-muted);\n      line-height: 1.6;\n      margin: 0;\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-card-cta {\n      display: inline-flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      gap: 5px;\n      margin-top: 10px;\n      font-size: 12px;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      color: var(--ols-blue);\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-card-cta svg {\n      width: 14px;\n      height: 14px;\n      transition: transform 0.2s ease;\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-card--available:hover .ols-sub-card-cta svg {\n      transform: translateX(3px);\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-visual {\n      position: absolute;\n      inset: 0;\n      display: flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      justify-content: center;\n      padding: 32px 24px 24px;\n      overflow: hidden;\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-visual::before,\n    .ols-sub-visual::after {\n      content: \"\";\n      position: absolute;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      opacity: 0.75;\n      filter: blur(1px);\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-visual::before {\n      width: 170px;\n      height: 170px;\n      left: -58px;\n      bottom: -66px;\n      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.35);\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-visual::after {\n      width: 118px;\n      height: 118px;\n      right: -42px;\n      top: -34px;\n      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.28);\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-visual-panel {\n      position: relative;\n      z-index: 2;\n      width: min(82%, 260px);\n      min-height: 118px;\n      border-radius: 24px;\n      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.45);\n      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.76);\n      box-shadow: 0 18px 38px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.18);\n      backdrop-filter: blur(10px);\n      display: flex;\n      flex-direction: column;\n      align-items: center;\n      justify-content: center;\n      text-align: center;\n      padding: 18px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-visual-kicker {\n      display: inline-flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      justify-content: center;\n      min-height: 25px;\n      padding: 4px 10px;\n      border-radius: 999px;\n      background: rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.08);\n      color: var(--ols-navy);\n      font-size: 10px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      text-transform: uppercase;\n      letter-spacing: 0.08em;\n      margin-bottom: 10px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-visual-main {\n      font-size: clamp(24px, 3vw, 34px);\n      font-weight: 800;\n      color: var(--ols-navy);\n      line-height: 1.05;\n      letter-spacing: -0.05em;\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-visual-sub {\n      font-size: 11px;\n      font-weight: 500;\n      color: #4b5575;\n      line-height: 1.45;\n      margin-top: 8px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-visual--particles {\n      background:\n        radial-gradient(circle at 24% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.42), transparent 24%),\n        linear-gradient(135deg, #eef6ff 0%, #8fb9ff 45%, #467FF7 100%);\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-visual--equations {\n      background:\n        radial-gradient(circle at 22% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.42), transparent 24%),\n        linear-gradient(135deg, #fff8e8 0%, #e5bd62 45%, #9a6b13 100%);\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-visual--moles {\n      background:\n        radial-gradient(circle at 24% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.42), transparent 24%),\n        linear-gradient(135deg, #f4ecff 0%, #b997ff 45%, #7356d8 100%);\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-visual--formulae {\n      background:\n        radial-gradient(circle at 22% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.35), transparent 24%),\n        linear-gradient(135deg, #eefbf3 0%, #69c98b 45%, #1f7f50 100%);\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-visual--solutions {\n      background:\n        radial-gradient(circle at 22% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.40), transparent 24%),\n        linear-gradient(135deg, #eefcff 0%, #72d4df 45%, #168aa0 100%);\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-particle-diagram {\n      width: 92px;\n      height: 64px;\n      position: relative;\n      margin: 0 auto 12px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-particle-dot {\n      position: absolute;\n      width: 22px;\n      height: 22px;\n      border-radius: 50%;\n      background: var(--ols-navy);\n      box-shadow: 0 0 0 7px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.08);\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-particle-dot.d1 { left: 6px; top: 23px; background: #467FF7; }\n    .ols-sub-particle-dot.d2 { left: 36px; top: 8px; }\n    .ols-sub-particle-dot.d3 { right: 6px; top: 23px; background: #c9973a; }\n\n    .ols-sub-equation-line {\n      font-size: 24px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      letter-spacing: -0.03em;\n      color: var(--ols-navy);\n      margin: 0 auto 12px;\n      white-space: nowrap;\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-mole-stack {\n      width: 88px;\n      height: 58px;\n      position: relative;\n      margin: 0 auto 12px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-mole-stack span {\n      position: absolute;\n      width: 26px;\n      height: 26px;\n      border-radius: 50%;\n      background: var(--ols-blue);\n      border: 2px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.65);\n      box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.12);\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-mole-stack span:nth-child(1) { left: 8px; top: 25px; }\n    .ols-sub-mole-stack span:nth-child(2) { left: 31px; top: 8px; background: var(--ols-navy); }\n    .ols-sub-mole-stack span:nth-child(3) { right: 8px; top: 25px; background: #7356d8; }\n\n    .ols-sub-formula-box {\n      width: 128px;\n      min-width: 128px;\n      height: 62px;\n      border-radius: 16px;\n      border: 2px solid rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.45);\n      display: flex;\n      align-items: center;\n      justify-content: center;\n      color: var(--ols-navy);\n      font-size: 25px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      line-height: 1;\n      letter-spacing: -0.02em;\n      white-space: nowrap;\n      margin: 0 auto 12px;\n      background: rgba(255,255,255,0.35);\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-formula-box sub {\n      font-size: 0.58em;\n      line-height: 0;\n      vertical-align: sub;\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-solution-icon {\n      width: 76px;\n      height: 64px;\n      position: relative;\n      margin: 0 auto 12px;\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-solution-icon::before {\n      content: \"\";\n      position: absolute;\n      left: 18px;\n      top: 4px;\n      width: 40px;\n      height: 56px;\n      border: 3px solid rgba(28, 36, 75, 0.62);\n      border-radius: 6px 6px 18px 18px;\n      background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,255,255,0.40) 0%, rgba(70,127,247,0.18) 45%, rgba(70,127,247,0.50) 46%, rgba(70,127,247,0.50) 100%);\n    }\n\n    .ols-sub-solution-icon::after {\n      content: \"pV\";\n      position: absolute;\n      left: 24px;\n      top: 25px;\n      font-size: 16px;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      color: var(--ols-navy);\n    }\n\n    \/* =========================================================\n       SPECIFICATION SECTION\n    ========================================================= *\/\n    @media (max-width: 1024px) { .ols-sub-cards-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); } }\n    @media (max-width: 640px) { .ols-sub-cards-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 14px; } }\n    .ols-sub-card, .ols-sub-card *, .ols-sub-card:hover, .ols-sub-card:hover * { text-decoration: none !important; }\n    .ols-sub-card--soon { filter: grayscale(1); opacity: 0.62; cursor: not-allowed; }\n    .ols-sub-card-status--soon { background: #6b7280; color: #ffffff; }\n    .ols-sub-cards-grid .ols-sub-visual-main.ols-sub-visual-main { font-size: clamp(19px, 1.9vw, 26px) !important; line-height: 1.08; }\n    .ols-sub-cards-grid .ols-sub-visual-panel { width: min(86%, 270px); padding: 14px; }\n    .ols-sub-card .ols-sub-card-title.ols-sub-card-title { font-size: 14px; font-weight: 700; color: #1C244B; line-height: 1.35; margin: 0; }\n    .ols-sub-card .ols-sub-card-desc.ols-sub-card-desc { font-size: 12px; font-weight: 300; color: #4b5575; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0; }\n    .ols-sub-cards-grid .ols-sub-visual-main.ols-sub-visual-main--long { font-size: clamp(15px, 1.35vw, 19px) !important; line-height: 1.12; letter-spacing: -0.03em; }\n    .ols-sub-cards-grid .ols-sub-visual-main.ols-sub-visual-main--mid { font-size: clamp(17px, 1.6vw, 22px) !important; }\n    .ols-sub-cards-grid .ols-sub-visual-sub { font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.35; }\n<\/style>\n\n  <aside class=\"ols-sidebar\">\n  <div class=\"ols-sidebar-header\">\n    <h3>Revision Notes<\/h3>\n    <p>A Level Chemistry<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\n    <h4>3.6 Intermolecular Forces<\/h4>\n\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/intermolecular-forces\/\">Part overview<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/intermolecular-forces\/london-forces\/\">London Forces<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/intermolecular-forces\/permanent-dipole-dipole-forces\/\">Permanent Dipole-Dipole Forces<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/intermolecular-forces\/hydrogen-bonding\/\">Hydrogen Bonding<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/intermolecular-forces\/anomalous-properties-of-water\/\">Anomalous Properties of Water<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/intermolecular-forces\/boiling-temperature-trends\/\">Boiling Point Trends<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/intermolecular-forces\/choosing-solvents\/\">Choosing Solvents<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\n    <h4>Other Topic 3 Parts<\/h4>\n\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/\">Topic 3 overview<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/electronegativity\/\">3.1 Electronegativity<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/ionic-bonding\/\">3.2 Ionic Bonding<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/metallic-bonding\/\">3.3 Metallic Bonding<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/covalent-bonding\/\">3.4 Covalent Bonding<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/shapes-of-molecules\/\">3.5 Shapes of Molecules<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n  <\/div>\n<\/aside>\n\n<script>\r\n(function() {\r\n  function normalisePath(path) {\r\n    return String(path || '')\r\n      .split('?')[0]\r\n      .split('#')[0]\r\n      .replace(\/\\\/+$\/, '')\r\n      .toLowerCase();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function highlightActive() {\r\n    var sidebar = document.querySelector('.ols-sidebar');\r\n    if (!sidebar) return false;\r\n\r\n    var currentPath = normalisePath(window.location.pathname);\r\n    var links = sidebar.querySelectorAll('a[href]');\r\n    var matched = null;\r\n    var matchedLength = 0;\r\n\r\n    sidebar.querySelectorAll('.active, .active-main, .parent-active').forEach(function(item) {\r\n      item.classList.remove('active', 'active-main', 'parent-active');\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    sidebar.querySelectorAll('a[data-ols-disabled-parent=\"1\"], a[aria-current]').forEach(function(a) {\r\n      a.removeAttribute('aria-current');\r\n      a.removeAttribute('tabindex');\r\n      a.removeAttribute('data-ols-disabled-parent');\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    links.forEach(function(a) {\r\n      try {\r\n        var href = a.getAttribute('href');\r\n        if (!href || href === '#' || href.charAt(0) === '#') return;\r\n        var linkPath = normalisePath(new URL(href, window.location.origin).pathname);\r\n        if (!linkPath) return;\r\n        if (currentPath === linkPath || currentPath.indexOf(linkPath + '\/') === 0) {\r\n          if (linkPath.length > matchedLength) {\r\n            matched = a;\r\n            matchedLength = linkPath.length;\r\n          }\r\n        }\r\n      } catch(e) {}\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    if (matched) {\r\n      var matchedLi = matched.closest('li');\r\n      var parentSub = matched.closest('.ols-subtopic-list');\r\n\r\n      if (parentSub) {\r\n        if (matchedLi) {\r\n          matchedLi.classList.add('active');\r\n          matched.setAttribute('aria-current', 'page');\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        var parentLi = parentSub.closest('li');\r\n        while (parentLi) {\r\n          parentLi.classList.add('parent-active', 'active-main');\r\n\r\n          var parentLink = parentLi.querySelector(':scope > a');\r\n          if (parentLink) {\r\n            parentLink.setAttribute('aria-current', 'true');\r\n            parentLink.setAttribute('tabindex', '-1');\r\n            parentLink.setAttribute('data-ols-disabled-parent', '1');\r\n          }\r\n\r\n          var higherSub = parentLi.parentElement.closest('.ols-subtopic-list');\r\n          parentLi = higherSub ? higherSub.closest('li') : null;\r\n        }\r\n      } else {\r\n        if (matchedLi) {\r\n          matchedLi.classList.add('parent-active', 'active-main');\r\n          matched.setAttribute('aria-current', 'page');\r\n          matched.setAttribute('tabindex', '-1');\r\n          matched.setAttribute('data-ols-disabled-parent', '1');\r\n        }\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    return true;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  if (!highlightActive()) {\r\n    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', highlightActive);\r\n  }\r\n})();\r\n<\/script>\n\n  <main class=\"ols-main\">\n    <nav class=\"ols-breadcrumbs\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/\">Revision Notes<\/a> \/\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/\">A Level Chemistry<\/a> \/\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/\">Cambridge International (CIE)<\/a> \/\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/\">Topic 3 Chemical Bonding<\/a> \/\n<span>3.6 Intermolecular Forces<\/span>\n<\/nav>\n\n    <header class=\"ols-title-card\">\n      <h1>3.6 Intermolecular Forces<\/h1>\n      <p class=\"ols-page-intro\">Use this landing page to move between the six intermolecular forces revision pages for Cambridge International AS Level Chemistry Topic 3. Each card links to a focused page covering part of learning outcomes 3.6.1 to 3.6.4.<\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"ols-badges\">\n<div class=\"ols-badge\">AS Level<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-badge\">Topic 3: Chemical Bonding<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-badge\">9701 Papers 1 and 2<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"ols-author\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ols-author-avatar-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Author-Profile.jpeg\" alt=\"Dr. Mohammed Al-Fatah\">\n\n        <div class=\"ols-author-content\">\n          <h2 class=\"ols-author-title\">Written by:<br><span>Dr. Mohammed Al-Fatah<\/span><\/h2>\n          <p class=\"ols-author-description\">Chemistry specialist revision notes for A Level Chemistry.<\/p>\n\n          <a class=\"ols-linkedin-pill\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/doctormohammedfatah\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\n            <svg class=\"ols-linkedin-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n              <path d=\"M4.98 3.5C4.98 4.88 3.86 6 2.48 6S0 4.88 0 3.5 1.12 1 2.48 1s2.5 1.12 2.5 2.5zM.5 8h4V24h-4V8zm7 0h3.8v2.2h.1c.5-.9 1.8-2.2 3.9-2.2 4.2 0 5 2.8 5 6.4V24h-4v-7.6c0-1.8 0-4.2-2.6-4.2s-3 2-3 4v7.8h-4V8z\"><\/path>\n            <\/svg>\n            View LinkedIn Profile\n          <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/header>\n\n    <article class=\"ols-note-card soft\">\n<div class=\"ols-note-title\">\n<div class=\"ols-note-icon\">1<\/div>\n<h2>Choose an Intermolecular Forces Page<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>Cambridge uses van der Waals&#8217; forces as the family name for the attractions between molecules, then divides them into instantaneous dipole-induced dipole forces and permanent dipole-permanent dipole forces, with hydrogen bonding as a special case. These pages cover all three, the anomalous properties of water including surface tension, boiling point trends and the choice of solvent.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-key-box\">\n<p><strong>Key idea:<\/strong> Intermolecular forces act between molecules and are far weaker than the covalent bonds inside them; when a molecular substance melts or boils, only these forces are overcome.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-sub-cards-grid\">\n        <a class=\"ols-sub-card ols-sub-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/intermolecular-forces\/london-forces\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-sub-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-sub-visual ols-sub-visual--particles\">\n              <div class=\"ols-sub-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-sub-visual-kicker\">Induced dipoles<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-sub-equation-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u03b4+ \u00b7\u00b7\u00b7 \u03b4\u2212<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-sub-visual-main\">London Forces<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-sub-visual-sub\">instantaneous and induced dipoles<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-sub-card-num\">1<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-sub-card-status ols-sub-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-sub-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-sub-card-title\">London Forces<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-sub-card-desc\">Revise how moving electrons create instantaneous and induced dipoles, and why electrons and shape decide their strength.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-sub-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n        <a class=\"ols-sub-card ols-sub-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/intermolecular-forces\/permanent-dipole-dipole-forces\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-sub-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-sub-visual ols-sub-visual--particles\">\n              <div class=\"ols-sub-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-sub-visual-kicker\">Permanent dipoles<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-sub-equation-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\">H\u03b4+ Cl\u03b4\u2212<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-sub-visual-main ols-sub-visual-main--mid\">Permanent Dipole-Dipole Forces<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-sub-visual-sub\">attraction between polar molecules<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-sub-card-num\">2<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-sub-card-status ols-sub-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-sub-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-sub-card-title\">Permanent Dipole-Dipole Forces<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-sub-card-desc\">Revise which molecules have a permanent dipole, how they attract, and how to decide the forces in an unfamiliar molecule.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-sub-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n        <a class=\"ols-sub-card ols-sub-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/intermolecular-forces\/hydrogen-bonding\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-sub-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-sub-visual ols-sub-visual--particles\">\n              <div class=\"ols-sub-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-sub-visual-kicker\">Strong IMF<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-sub-equation-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\">O-H \u00b7\u00b7\u00b7 :O<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-sub-visual-main\">Hydrogen Bonding<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-sub-visual-sub\">lone pair to \u03b4+ hydrogen<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-sub-card-num\">3<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-sub-card-status ols-sub-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-sub-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-sub-card-title\">Hydrogen Bonding<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-sub-card-desc\">Revise the N-H, O-H and H-F requirement, the exam diagram, and predicting hydrogen bonding in other molecules.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-sub-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n        <a class=\"ols-sub-card ols-sub-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/intermolecular-forces\/anomalous-properties-of-water\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-sub-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-sub-visual ols-sub-visual--particles\">\n              <div class=\"ols-sub-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-sub-visual-kicker\">Ice and boiling<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-sub-equation-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\">H\u2082O ice<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-sub-visual-main ols-sub-visual-main--mid\">Anomalous Properties of Water<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-sub-visual-sub\">ice density and high boiling point<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-sub-card-num\">4<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-sub-card-status ols-sub-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-sub-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-sub-card-title\">Anomalous Properties of Water<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-sub-card-desc\">Revise why water has such a high boiling point, why ice floats and why water has a high surface tension.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-sub-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n        <a class=\"ols-sub-card ols-sub-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/intermolecular-forces\/boiling-temperature-trends\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-sub-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-sub-visual ols-sub-visual--particles\">\n              <div class=\"ols-sub-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-sub-visual-kicker\">Trends<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-sub-equation-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\">C\u2081 \u2192 C\u2088<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-sub-visual-main\">Boiling Point Trends<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-sub-visual-sub\">chain length, branching, HF to HI<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-sub-card-num\">5<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-sub-card-status ols-sub-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-sub-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-sub-card-title\">Boiling Point Trends<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-sub-card-desc\">Revise boiling point trends for alkanes, branched isomers, alcohols and the hydrogen halides.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-sub-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n        <a class=\"ols-sub-card ols-sub-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/intermolecular-forces\/choosing-solvents\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-sub-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-sub-visual ols-sub-visual--particles\">\n              <div class=\"ols-sub-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-sub-visual-kicker\">Solubility<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-sub-equation-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\">like \u2194 like<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-sub-visual-main\">Choosing Solvents<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-sub-visual-sub\">hydration and hydrogen bonding<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-sub-card-num\">6<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-sub-card-status ols-sub-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-sub-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-sub-card-title\">Choosing Solvents<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-sub-card-desc\">Revise hydration of ions, alcohols in water, why some polar molecules do not dissolve, and non-aqueous solvents.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-sub-card-cta\">\n              Start revising\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n<\/article>\n<section class=\"ols-attribution-card\">\n      <p><strong>Copyright notice:<\/strong> This revision page, including its written explanations, layout and teaching sequence, is produced for Online Learning System by Dr. Mohammed Al-Fatah. It is intended for student revision and may not be copied, redistributed or republished without permission.<\/p>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@graph\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"WebPage\",\n      \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/intermolecular-forces\/#webpage\",\n      \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/intermolecular-forces\/\",\n      \"name\": \"3.6 Intermolecular Forces | Topic 3 Chemical Bonding | Online Learning System\",\n      \"description\": \"Cambridge International AS Level Chemistry intermolecular forces revision notes: London forces, permanent dipole-dipole forces, hydrogen bonding, the anomalous properties of water, boiling point trends and choosing solvents.\",\n      \"isPartOf\": {\n        \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/#website\"\n      },\n      \"breadcrumb\": {\n        \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/intermolecular-forces\/#breadcrumb\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"WebSite\",\n      \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/#website\",\n      \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/\",\n      \"name\": \"Online Learning System\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"BreadcrumbList\",\n      \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/intermolecular-forces\/#breadcrumb\",\n      \"itemListElement\": [\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 1,\n          \"item\": {\n            \"@type\": \"WebPage\",\n            \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/\",\n            \"name\": \"Revision Notes\"\n          }\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 2,\n          \"item\": {\n            \"@type\": \"WebPage\",\n            \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/\",\n            \"name\": \"A Level Chemistry\"\n          }\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 3,\n          \"item\": {\n            \"@type\": \"WebPage\",\n            \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/\",\n            \"name\": \"Cambridge International (CIE)\"\n          }\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 4,\n          \"item\": {\n            \"@type\": \"WebPage\",\n            \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/\",\n            \"name\": \"Topic 3 Chemical Bonding\"\n          }\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 5,\n          \"item\": {\n            \"@type\": \"WebPage\",\n            \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/intermolecular-forces\/\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/intermolecular-forces\/\",\n            \"name\": \"3.6 Intermolecular Forces\"\n          }\n        }\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Course\",\n      \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/intermolecular-forces\/#course\",\n      \"name\": \"3.6 Intermolecular Forces\",\n      \"description\": \"Cambridge International AS Level Chemistry intermolecular forces revision notes: London forces, permanent dipole-dipole forces, hydrogen bonding, the anomalous properties of water, boiling point trends and choosing solvents.\",\n      \"provider\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Organization\",\n        \"name\": \"Online Learning System\",\n        \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/\"\n      },\n      \"educationalLevel\": \"A Level\",\n      \"about\": [\n        \"Intermolecular forces\",\n        \"London forces\",\n        \"Permanent dipole-dipole forces\",\n        \"Hydrogen bonding\",\n        \"Physical chemistry\"\n      ],\n      \"hasCourseInstance\": {\n        \"@type\": \"CourseInstance\",\n        \"courseMode\": \"Online\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"ItemList\",\n      \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/intermolecular-forces\/#relatedtopics\",\n      \"name\": \"Related Intermolecular Forces Pages\",\n      \"itemListElement\": [\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 1,\n          \"item\": {\n            \"@type\": \"Course\",\n            \"name\": \"London Forces\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/intermolecular-forces\/london-forces\/\",\n            \"description\": \"Id\u2013id forces explained for Cambridge International A Level Chemistry: instantaneous and induced dipoles, the effect of electrons and shape on strength, noble gas and halogen trends.\"\n          }\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 2,\n          \"item\": {\n            \"@type\": \"Course\",\n            \"name\": \"Permanent Dipole-Dipole Forces\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/intermolecular-forces\/permanent-dipole-dipole-forces\/\",\n            \"description\": \"Permanent dipole\u2013permanent dipole (pd\u2013pd) forces for Cambridge International A Level Chemistry: polar molecules, bond dipoles that cancel, comparing molecules with similar electrons and a routine for unfamiliar molecules.\"\n          }\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 3,\n          \"item\": {\n            \"@type\": \"Course\",\n            \"name\": \"Hydrogen Bonding\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/intermolecular-forces\/hydrogen-bonding\/\",\n            \"description\": \"Hydrogen bonding for Cambridge International A Level Chemistry: definition, exam diagram, water, ammonia and hydrogen fluoride compared, predicting hydrogen bonds in other molecules.\"\n          }\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 4,\n          \"item\": {\n            \"@type\": \"Course\",\n            \"name\": \"Anomalous Properties of Water\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/intermolecular-forces\/anomalous-properties-of-water\/\",\n            \"description\": \"Anomalous properties of water for Cambridge International A Level Chemistry: high boiling point, density of ice, surface tension and the hydride boiling point graph explained by hydrogen bonding.\"\n          }\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 5,\n          \"item\": {\n            \"@type\": \"Course\",\n            \"name\": \"Boiling Point Trends\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/intermolecular-forces\/boiling-temperature-trends\/\",\n            \"description\": \"Boiling point trends for Cambridge International A Level Chemistry: alkane chain length and branching, alcohols versus alkanes, hydrogen halides HF to HI, explained by intermolecular forces.\"\n          }\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 6,\n          \"item\": {\n            \"@type\": \"Course\",\n            \"name\": \"Choosing Solvents\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/intermolecular-forces\/choosing-solvents\/\",\n            \"description\": \"Choosing solvents for Cambridge International A Level Chemistry: hydration of ions, alcohols and hydrogen bonding, halogenoalkanes in water, non-aqueous solvents and like dissolves like.\"\n          }\n        }\n      ]\n    }\n  ]\n}\n<\/script>\n  <\/main>\n<\/section>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Revision Notes \/ A Level Chemistry \/ Cambridge International (CIE) \/ Topic 3 Chemical Bonding \/ 3.6 Intermolecular Forces 3.6 Intermolecular Forces Use this landing page to move between the six intermolecular forces revision pages for Cambridge International AS Level Chemistry Topic 3. Each card links to a focused page covering part of learning outcomes [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":7691,"menu_order":6,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8169","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8169","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8169"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8169\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7691"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8169"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}