{"id":8369,"date":"2026-09-18T12:01:32","date_gmt":"2026-09-18T11:01:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-5-chemical-energetics\/"},"modified":"2026-09-18T12:09:03","modified_gmt":"2026-09-18T11:09:03","slug":"topic-5-chemical-energetics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-5-chemical-energetics\/","title":{"rendered":"Topic 5 Chemical Energetics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"ols-cie5-page\">\n\n  <aside class=\"ols-sidebar\">\n  <div class=\"ols-sidebar-header\">\n    <h3>Revision Notes<\/h3>\n    <p>A Level Chemistry<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\n    <h4>Topic 5 Chemical Energetics<\/h4>\n\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-5-chemical-energetics\/\">Topic 5 Overview<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-5-chemical-energetics\/enthalpy-changes-and-standard-conditions\/\">Enthalpy Changes and Standard Conditions<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-5-chemical-energetics\/standard-enthalpy-changes\/\">Standard Enthalpy Changes<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-5-chemical-energetics\/calorimetry-measuring-enthalpy-changes\/\">Calorimetry: Measuring Enthalpy Changes<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-5-chemical-energetics\/hess-law-and-enthalpy-cycles\/\">Hess's Law and Enthalpy Cycles<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-5-chemical-energetics\/bond-energies\/\">Bond Energies<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"ols-topic-group\">\n    <h4>Other Topics<\/h4>\n\n    <ul class=\"ols-topic-list\">\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-2-atoms-molecules-and-stoichiometry\/\">Topic 2 Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-3-chemical-bonding\/\">Topic 3 Chemical Bonding<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n      <li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-4-states-of-matter\/\">Topic 4 States of Matter<\/a>\n      <\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n  <\/div>\n<\/aside>\n\n<script>\r\n(function() {\r\n  function normalisePath(path) {\r\n    return String(path || '')\r\n      .split('?')[0]\r\n      .split('#')[0]\r\n      .replace(\/\\\/+$\/, '')\r\n      .toLowerCase();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function highlightActive() {\r\n    var sidebar = document.querySelector('.ols-sidebar');\r\n    if (!sidebar) return false;\r\n\r\n    var currentPath = normalisePath(window.location.pathname);\r\n    var links = sidebar.querySelectorAll('a[href]');\r\n    var matched = null;\r\n    var matchedLength = 0;\r\n\r\n    sidebar.querySelectorAll('.active, .active-main, .parent-active').forEach(function(item) {\r\n      item.classList.remove('active', 'active-main', 'parent-active');\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    sidebar.querySelectorAll('a[data-ols-disabled-parent=\"1\"], a[aria-current]').forEach(function(a) {\r\n      a.removeAttribute('aria-current');\r\n      a.removeAttribute('tabindex');\r\n      a.removeAttribute('data-ols-disabled-parent');\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    links.forEach(function(a) {\r\n      try {\r\n        var href = a.getAttribute('href');\r\n        if (!href || href === '#' || href.charAt(0) === '#') return;\r\n        var linkPath = normalisePath(new URL(href, window.location.origin).pathname);\r\n        if (!linkPath) return;\r\n        if (currentPath === linkPath || currentPath.indexOf(linkPath + '\/') === 0) {\r\n          if (linkPath.length > matchedLength) {\r\n            matched = a;\r\n            matchedLength = linkPath.length;\r\n          }\r\n        }\r\n      } catch(e) {}\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    if (matched) {\r\n      var matchedLi = matched.closest('li');\r\n      var parentSub = matched.closest('.ols-subtopic-list');\r\n\r\n      if (parentSub) {\r\n        if (matchedLi) {\r\n          matchedLi.classList.add('active');\r\n          matched.setAttribute('aria-current', 'page');\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        var parentLi = parentSub.closest('li');\r\n        while (parentLi) {\r\n          parentLi.classList.add('parent-active', 'active-main');\r\n\r\n          var parentLink = parentLi.querySelector(':scope > a');\r\n          if (parentLink) {\r\n            parentLink.setAttribute('aria-current', 'true');\r\n            parentLink.setAttribute('tabindex', '-1');\r\n            parentLink.setAttribute('data-ols-disabled-parent', '1');\r\n          }\r\n\r\n          var higherSub = parentLi.parentElement.closest('.ols-subtopic-list');\r\n          parentLi = higherSub ? higherSub.closest('li') : null;\r\n        }\r\n      } else {\r\n        if (matchedLi) {\r\n          matchedLi.classList.add('parent-active', 'active-main');\r\n          matched.setAttribute('aria-current', 'page');\r\n          matched.setAttribute('tabindex', '-1');\r\n          matched.setAttribute('data-ols-disabled-parent', '1');\r\n        }\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    return true;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  if (!highlightActive()) {\r\n    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', highlightActive);\r\n  }\r\n})();\r\n<\/script>\n\n  <style>\n    @import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Poppins:wght@300;400;500;600;700;800&display=swap');\n\n    .ols-cie5-page,\n    .ols-cie5-page * { box-sizing: border-box; }\n\n    .ols-cie5-page {\n      --ols-purple: #7c2d12;\n      --ols-purple-2: #9a3412;\n      --ols-accent: #f97316;\n      --ols-soft-purple: #fff7ed;\n      --ols-soft-cream: #fbf7f2;\n      --ols-border: rgba(59, 7, 100, 0.13);\n      --ols-shadow-soft: 0 10px 28px rgba(59, 7, 100, 0.09);\n      --ols-muted: #6b5a52;\n      font-family: \"Poppins\", Arial, sans-serif;\n      color: var(--ols-purple);\n      background: #ffffff;\n    }\n\n    .ols-cie5-page a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }\n    .ols-cie5-container { width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 40px)); margin: 0 auto; }\n\n    .ols-cie5-breadcrumb-bar { padding: 16px 0 0; }\n    .ols-cie5-breadcrumb { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px; font-size: 13px; color: var(--ols-muted); font-weight: 500; }\n    .ols-cie5-breadcrumb a { color: var(--ols-muted); transition: color 0.2s ease; }\n    .ols-cie5-breadcrumb a:hover { color: var(--ols-accent); }\n    .ols-cie5-breadcrumb span { color: var(--ols-purple); font-weight: 700; }\n\n    .ols-cie5-intro {\n      padding: 36px 0 72px;\n      background:\n        radial-gradient(circle at top center, rgba(249, 115, 22, 0.08), transparent 40%),\n        linear-gradient(180deg, #fbf7f2 0%, #ffffff 100%);\n    }\n    .ols-cie5-intro-inner { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 64px; align-items: center; }\n    .ols-cie5-eyebrow {\n      display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 9px; padding: 8px 16px; border-radius: 999px;\n      background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid rgba(249, 115, 22, 0.22); color: var(--ols-accent);\n      font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600; box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(59, 7, 100, 0.06); margin-bottom: 20px;\n    }\n    .ols-cie5-eyebrow::before { content: \"\"; width: 7px; height: 7px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--ols-accent); box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px rgba(249, 115, 22, 0.14); }\n    .ols-cie5-intro h1 { font-size: clamp(34px, 4.5vw, 64px); font-weight: 800; color: var(--ols-purple); letter-spacing: -0.045em; line-height: 1.08; margin: 0 0 10px; text-shadow: -9px 0 9px rgba(59, 7, 100, 0.08); }\n    .ols-cie5-accent-bar { width: 72px; height: 4px; background: var(--ols-accent); border-radius: 999px; margin: 0 0 22px; }\n    .ols-cie5-intro-lead { font-size: clamp(16px, 1.6vw, 19px); font-weight: 300; color: #6b2a0f; line-height: 1.72; margin: 0; }\n\n    .ols-cie5-info-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 14px; }\n    .ols-cie5-info-card { background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid var(--ols-border); border-radius: 20px; padding: 20px 22px; box-shadow: var(--ols-shadow-soft); }\n    .ols-cie5-info-card-label { font-size: 11px; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.06em; color: var(--ols-muted); margin-bottom: 6px; }\n    .ols-cie5-info-card-value { font-size: 22px; font-weight: 800; color: var(--ols-purple); letter-spacing: -0.03em; line-height: 1.1; }\n    .ols-cie5-info-card-sub { font-size: 12px; font-weight: 400; color: var(--ols-muted); margin-top: 3px; }\n\n    .ols-cie5-topics { padding: 72px 0 80px; background: #ffffff; }\n    .ols-cie5-section-header { margin-bottom: 40px; }\n    .ols-cie5-section-title { font-size: clamp(28px, 3vw, 44px); font-weight: 800; color: var(--ols-purple); letter-spacing: -0.04em; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0 0 10px; text-shadow: -9px 0 9px rgba(59, 7, 100, 0.08); }\n    .ols-cie5-section-sub { font-size: 16px; font-weight: 300; color: var(--ols-muted); margin: 0; }\n    .ols-cie5-cards-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 20px; }\n\n    .ols-cie5-card {\n      display: flex; flex-direction: column; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid var(--ols-border);\n      border-radius: 22px; overflow: hidden; box-shadow: var(--ols-shadow-soft); text-decoration: none;\n      color: var(--ols-purple); transition: transform 0.28s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.56, 0.64, 1), box-shadow 0.28s ease, border-color 0.28s ease; position: relative;\n    }\n    .ols-cie5-card.ols-cie5-card--available:hover { transform: translateY(-10px) scale(1.02); box-shadow: 0 28px 56px rgba(59, 7, 100, 0.16); border-color: rgba(249, 115, 22, 0.35); }\n    .ols-cie5-card.ols-cie5-card--available:hover .ols-cie5-card-img-wrap::after { opacity: 1; }\n    .ols-cie5-card-img-wrap { position: relative; width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 4 \/ 3; background: var(--ols-soft-purple); overflow: hidden; }\n    .ols-cie5-card-img-wrap::after { content: \"\"; position: absolute; inset: 0; background: linear-gradient(180deg, transparent 40%, rgba(59, 7, 100, 0.18) 100%); opacity: 0; transition: opacity 0.28s ease; z-index: 1; }\n    .ols-cie5-card-num { position: absolute; top: 12px; left: 12px; width: 32px; height: 32px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--ols-purple); color: #ffffff; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 800; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; z-index: 3; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(59, 7, 100, 0.28); }\n    .ols-cie5-card-status { position: absolute; top: 12px; right: 12px; padding: 4px 10px; border-radius: 999px; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700; z-index: 3; }\n    .ols-cie5-card-status--available { background: #eaf3de; color: #3B6D11; }\n    .ols-cie5-card-body { padding: 18px 18px 22px; flex: 1; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 6px; }\n    .ols-cie5-card-title { font-size: 14px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--ols-purple); line-height: 1.35; margin: 0; }\n    .ols-cie5-card-desc { font-size: 12px; font-weight: 300; color: var(--ols-muted); line-height: 1.6; margin: 0; }\n    .ols-cie5-card-cta { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 5px; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--ols-accent); }\n    .ols-cie5-card-cta svg { width: 14px; height: 14px; transition: transform 0.2s ease; }\n    .ols-cie5-card--available:hover .ols-cie5-card-cta svg { transform: translateX(3px); }\n\n    .ols-cie5-visual { position: absolute; inset: 0; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 32px 24px 24px; overflow: hidden; }\n    .ols-cie5-visual::before, .ols-cie5-visual::after { content: \"\"; position: absolute; border-radius: 999px; opacity: 0.75; filter: blur(1px); }\n    .ols-cie5-visual::before { width: 170px; height: 170px; left: -58px; bottom: -66px; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.35); }\n    .ols-cie5-visual::after { width: 118px; height: 118px; right: -42px; top: -34px; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.28); }\n    .ols-cie5-visual-panel { position: relative; z-index: 2; width: min(82%, 260px); min-height: 118px; border-radius: 24px; border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.45); background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.76); box-shadow: 0 18px 38px rgba(59, 7, 100, 0.18); backdrop-filter: blur(10px); display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; justify-content: center; text-align: center; padding: 18px; }\n    .ols-cie5-visual-kicker { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; min-height: 25px; padding: 4px 10px; border-radius: 999px; background: rgba(59, 7, 100, 0.08); color: var(--ols-purple); font-size: 10px; font-weight: 800; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.08em; margin-bottom: 10px; }\n    .ols-cie5-visual-main { font-size: clamp(23px, 3vw, 32px); font-weight: 800; color: var(--ols-purple); line-height: 1.05; letter-spacing: -0.05em; }\n    .ols-cie5-config-line { display: inline-flex; gap: 7px; margin-top: 12px; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: center; }\n    .ols-cie5-config-line span { display: inline-flex; min-width: 42px; justify-content: center; padding: 5px 8px; border-radius: 999px; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid rgba(59, 7, 100, 0.16); font-size: 11px; font-weight: 800; color: var(--ols-purple); }\n\n    .ols-cie5-visual--ionic { background: radial-gradient(circle at 24% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.46), transparent 24%), linear-gradient(135deg, #fff7ed 0%, #fdba74 45%, #ea580c 100%); }\n    .ols-cie5-visual--covalent { background: radial-gradient(circle at 22% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.46), transparent 24%), linear-gradient(135deg, #fff7ed 0%, #fb923c 45%, #c2410c 100%); }\n    .ols-cie5-visual--shapes { background: radial-gradient(circle at 24% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.46), transparent 24%), linear-gradient(135deg, #ecfeff 0%, #22d3ee 45%, #0e7490 100%); }\n    .ols-cie5-visual--polarity { background: radial-gradient(circle at 24% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.46), transparent 24%), linear-gradient(135deg, #fdf2f8 0%, #f472b6 45%, #be185d 100%); }\n    .ols-cie5-visual--metallic { background: radial-gradient(circle at 24% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.46), transparent 24%), linear-gradient(135deg, #f8fafc 0%, #94a3b8 45%, #334155 100%); }\n    .ols-cie5-visual--giant { background: radial-gradient(circle at 24% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.46), transparent 24%), linear-gradient(135deg, #eefbf3 0%, #86efac 45%, #15803d 100%); }\n    .ols-cie5-visual--molecular { background: radial-gradient(circle at 24% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.46), transparent 24%), linear-gradient(135deg, #eff6ff 0%, #60a5fa 45%, #1d4ed8 100%); }\n    .ols-cie5-visual--forces { background: radial-gradient(circle at 24% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.46), transparent 24%), linear-gradient(135deg, #fefce8 0%, #facc15 45%, #a16207 100%); }\n\n    .ols-cie5-spec-section { padding: 72px 0 88px; background: radial-gradient(circle at top center, rgba(249, 115, 22, 0.07), transparent 38%), linear-gradient(180deg, #fbf7f2 0%, #ffffff 100%); }\n    .ols-cie5-spec-wrap { background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid var(--ols-border); border-radius: 26px; padding: 36px; box-shadow: var(--ols-shadow-soft); }\n    .ols-cie5-spec-pill { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; padding: 7px 14px; border-radius: 999px; background: var(--ols-soft-purple); border: 1px solid rgba(249, 115, 22, 0.22); color: var(--ols-accent); font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 16px; }\n    .ols-cie5-spec-heading { font-size: clamp(24px, 2.8vw, 36px); font-weight: 800; color: var(--ols-purple); letter-spacing: -0.035em; line-height: 1.12; margin: 0 0 6px; border-left: 5px solid var(--ols-accent); padding-left: 16px; }\n    .ols-cie5-spec-intro-text { font-size: 16px; font-weight: 300; color: #4a3a30; line-height: 1.8; margin: 14px 0 26px; }\n    .ols-cie5-spec-group-title { font-size: 20px; font-weight: 800; color: var(--ols-purple); line-height: 1.2; margin: 30px 0 14px; letter-spacing: -0.025em; }\n    .ols-cie5-spec-rows { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 12px; }\n    .ols-cie5-spec-row { display: flex; flex-wrap: nowrap; align-items: stretch; border-radius: 16px; overflow: hidden; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); }\n    .ols-cie5-spec-row--light { background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid rgba(249, 115, 22, 0.18); }\n    .ols-cie5-spec-row--mid { background: #fff7ed; border: 1px solid rgba(249, 115, 22, 0.22); }\n    .ols-cie5-spec-code { flex: 0 0 104px; color: #ffffff; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 800; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 18px 12px; background: #7c2d12; }\n    .ols-cie5-spec-code--mid { background: #9a3412; }\n    .ols-cie5-spec-text { flex: 1; padding: 16px 20px; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #4a3a30; }\n    .ols-cie5-spec-sub-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; margin-top: 12px; }\n    .ols-cie5-spec-sub-row { display: flex; align-items: stretch; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid rgba(249, 115, 22, 0.15); border-radius: 12px; overflow: hidden; }\n    .ols-cie5-spec-sub-code { flex: 0 0 74px; background: #fdba74; color: #7c2d12; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 800; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 12px 10px; }\n    .ols-cie5-spec-sub-text { flex: 1; padding: 12px 16px; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #4b3b58; }\n\n    @media (max-width: 1100px) { .ols-cie5-cards-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); } }\n    @media (max-width: 860px) { .ols-cie5-intro-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 40px; } }\n    @media (max-width: 640px) {\n      .ols-cie5-intro { padding: 24px 0 52px; }\n      .ols-cie5-topics { padding: 52px 0 58px; }\n      .ols-cie5-cards-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 14px; }\n      .ols-cie5-spec-section { padding: 52px 0 64px; }\n      .ols-cie5-spec-wrap { padding: 24px 18px; border-radius: 20px; }\n      .ols-cie5-info-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }\n      .ols-cie5-spec-row { flex-direction: column; }\n      .ols-cie5-spec-code { flex: 0 0 auto; min-height: 34px; }\n    }\n  \n    .ols-cie5-visual--bonding { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1e3a8a 0%, #2563eb 55%, #60a5fa 100%); }\n    .ols-cie5-visual--isomerism { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #4c1d95 0%, #7c3aed 55%, #c4b5fd 100%); }\n    .ols-cie5-visual--mechanism { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #7f1d1d 0%, #dc2626 55%, #fca5a5 100%); }\n    .ols-cie5-visual--reactions { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #78350f 0%, #d97706 55%, #fcd34d 100%); }\n    .ols-cie5-visual--polymer { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #064e3b 0%, #059669 55%, #6ee7b7 100%); }\n    .ols-cie5-visual--waste { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #334155 0%, #64748b 55%, #cbd5e1 100%); }\n    .ols-cie5-visual--alkane { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1f2937 0%, #4b5563 55%, #9ca3af 100%); }\n    .ols-cie5-visual--naming { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0f766e 0%, #14b8a6 55%, #99f6e4 100%); }\n    .ols-cie5-card--soon { opacity: 0.62; cursor: default; }\n    .ols-cie5-card-status--soon { background: #e5e7eb; color: #374151; }\n    .ols-cie5-visual--exo { background: radial-gradient(circle at 24% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.46), transparent 24%), linear-gradient(135deg, #fff1f2 0%, #fb7185 45%, #be123c 100%); }\n    .ols-cie5-visual--std { background: radial-gradient(circle at 24% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.46), transparent 24%), linear-gradient(135deg, #eef2ff 0%, #818cf8 45%, #3730a3 100%); }\n    .ols-cie5-visual--calor { background: radial-gradient(circle at 24% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.46), transparent 24%), linear-gradient(135deg, #fffbeb 0%, #fbbf24 45%, #b45309 100%); }\n    .ols-cie5-visual--hess { background: radial-gradient(circle at 24% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.46), transparent 24%), linear-gradient(135deg, #f0fdfa 0%, #2dd4bf 45%, #0f766e 100%); }\n    .ols-cie5-visual--bond { background: radial-gradient(circle at 24% 18%, rgba(255,255,255,0.46), transparent 24%), linear-gradient(135deg, #f5f3ff 0%, #a78bfa 45%, #6d28d9 100%); }\n  <\/style>\n\n  <!-- BREADCRUMB BAR -->\n  <div class=\"ols-cie5-breadcrumb-bar\">\n    <div class=\"ols-cie5-container\">\n      <nav class=\"ols-cie5-breadcrumb\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\">\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/\">Revision Notes<\/a> \/\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/\">A Level Chemistry<\/a> \/\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/\">Cambridge International (CIE)<\/a> \/\n          <span>Topic 5 Chemical Energetics<\/span>\n        <\/nav>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <!-- INTRO -->\n  <section class=\"ols-cie5-intro\">\n    <div class=\"ols-cie5-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-cie5-intro-inner\">\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie5-eyebrow\">Cambridge International AS &amp; A Level Chemistry &#8211; Physical Chemistry<\/div>\n          <h1>Topic 5<br>Chemical Energetics<\/h1>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie5-accent-bar\"><\/div>\n          <p class=\"ols-cie5-intro-lead\">Topic 5 covers the energy changes that accompany chemical reactions: exothermic and endothermic reactions, reaction pathway diagrams and activation energy, standard conditions of 298 K and 101 kPa, the enthalpy changes of reaction, formation, combustion and neutralisation, calculating enthalpy changes from experimental results, bond energies, and Hess&#8217;s law energy cycles. Lattice energy and Born-Haber cycles follow at A Level in Topic 23.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"ols-cie5-info-grid\">\n          <div class=\"ols-cie5-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-cie5-info-card-label\">Exam Papers<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie5-info-card-value\">Papers 1 &amp; 2<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie5-info-card-sub\">9701 AS Level<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie5-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-cie5-info-card-label\">Learning Outcomes<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie5-info-card-value\">5.1 &#8211; 5.2<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie5-info-card-sub\">9 outcomes covered<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie5-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-cie5-info-card-label\">Topic Parts<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie5-info-card-value\">5 of 5 live<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie5-info-card-sub\">Revision notes available<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie5-info-card\"><div class=\"ols-cie5-info-card-label\">Exam Board<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie5-info-card-value\">Cambridge<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie5-info-card-sub\">9701 (2025 onwards)<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- TOPIC CARDS -->\n  <section class=\"ols-cie5-topics\">\n    <div class=\"ols-cie5-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-cie5-section-header\">\n        <h2 class=\"ols-cie5-section-title\">Revision Notes<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"ols-cie5-section-sub\">Work through Topic 5 in a structured sequence.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"ols-cie5-cards-grid\">\n\n        <!-- Card 1: Enthalpy Changes and Standard Conditions -->\n        <a class=\"ols-cie5-card ols-cie5-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-5-chemical-energetics\/enthalpy-changes-and-standard-conditions\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-cie5-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-cie5-visual ols-cie5-visual--exo\">\n              <div class=\"ols-cie5-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-cie5-visual-kicker\">Exo and endo<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie5-visual-main\">Enthalpy<br>Changes<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie5-config-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>\u0394H, 298 K<\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-cie5-card-num\">1<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie5-card-status ols-cie5-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie5-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-cie5-card-title\">Enthalpy Changes and Standard Conditions<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-cie5-card-desc\">Exothermic and endothermic reactions, reaction pathway diagrams, activation energy and standard conditions.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie5-card-cta\">Start revising<svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 2: Standard Enthalpy Changes -->\n        <a class=\"ols-cie5-card ols-cie5-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-5-chemical-energetics\/standard-enthalpy-changes\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-cie5-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-cie5-visual ols-cie5-visual--std\">\n              <div class=\"ols-cie5-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-cie5-visual-kicker\">Definitions<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie5-visual-main\">Standard<br>Enthalpies<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie5-config-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>\u0394fH, \u0394cH, \u0394neutH<\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-cie5-card-num\">2<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie5-card-status ols-cie5-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie5-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-cie5-card-title\">Standard Enthalpy Changes<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-cie5-card-desc\">The standard enthalpy change definitions and the equation each one refers to.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie5-card-cta\">Start revising<svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 3: Calorimetry: Measuring Enthalpy Changes -->\n        <a class=\"ols-cie5-card ols-cie5-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-5-chemical-energetics\/calorimetry-measuring-enthalpy-changes\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-cie5-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-cie5-visual ols-cie5-visual--calor\">\n              <div class=\"ols-cie5-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-cie5-visual-kicker\">q = mc\u0394T<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie5-visual-main\">Calorimetry<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie5-config-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>q = mc\u0394T<\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-cie5-card-num\">3<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie5-card-status ols-cie5-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie5-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-cie5-card-title\">Calorimetry: Measuring Enthalpy Changes<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-cie5-card-desc\">Calculating \u0394H from a temperature change, cooling curve corrections, errors and assumptions.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie5-card-cta\">Start revising<svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 4: Hess's Law and Enthalpy Cycles -->\n        <a class=\"ols-cie5-card ols-cie5-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-5-chemical-energetics\/hess-law-and-enthalpy-cycles\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-cie5-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-cie5-visual ols-cie5-visual--hess\">\n              <div class=\"ols-cie5-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-cie5-visual-kicker\">Enthalpy cycles<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie5-visual-main\">Hess&#8217;s<br>Law<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie5-config-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>route A = route B<\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-cie5-card-num\">4<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie5-card-status ols-cie5-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie5-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-cie5-card-title\">Hess&#8217;s Law and Enthalpy Cycles<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-cie5-card-desc\">Building enthalpy cycles and calculating \u0394H from formation and combustion data.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie5-card-cta\">Start revising<svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <!-- Card 5: Bond Energies -->\n        <a class=\"ols-cie5-card ols-cie5-card--available\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-5-chemical-energetics\/bond-energies\/\">\n          <div class=\"ols-cie5-card-img-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"ols-cie5-visual ols-cie5-visual--bond\">\n              <div class=\"ols-cie5-visual-panel\">\n                <div class=\"ols-cie5-visual-kicker\">Break and make<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie5-visual-main\">Bond<br>Energies<\/div>\n                <div class=\"ols-cie5-config-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>broken \u2212 made<\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ols-cie5-card-num\">5<\/div>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie5-card-status ols-cie5-card-status--available\">Available<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie5-card-body\">\n            <p class=\"ols-cie5-card-title\">Bond Energies<\/p>\n            <p class=\"ols-cie5-card-desc\">Bond energy, calculating \u0394H from bonds broken and made, and why the answers differ from Hess values.<\/p>\n            <span class=\"ols-cie5-card-cta\">Start revising<svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- SPECIFICATION -->\n  <section class=\"ols-cie5-spec-section\">\n    <div class=\"ols-cie5-container\">\n      <div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-wrap\">\n        <div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-pill\">Specification Coverage<\/div>\n        <h2 class=\"ols-cie5-spec-heading\">Topic 5 Chemical Energetics &#8211; Cambridge International AS Level Chemistry<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"ols-cie5-spec-intro-text\">The following Cambridge learning outcomes state what candidates should be able to do. Wording is taken from the Cambridge International AS &amp; A Level Chemistry (9701) syllabus.<\/p>\n        <h3 class=\"ols-cie5-spec-group-title\">5.1 Enthalpy change, \u0394H<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-rows\">\n          <div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-row ols-cie5-spec-row--light\"><div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-code\">5.1.1<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-text\">understand that chemical reactions are accompanied by enthalpy changes and these changes can be exothermic (\u0394H is negative) or endothermic (\u0394H is positive)<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-row ols-cie5-spec-row--mid\"><div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-code ols-cie5-spec-code--mid\">5.1.2<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-text\">construct and interpret a reaction pathway diagram, in terms of the enthalpy change of the reaction and of the activation energy<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-row ols-cie5-spec-row--light\"><div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-code\">5.1.3<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-text\">define and use the terms:<div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-sub-code\">a<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-sub-text\">standard conditions (this syllabus assumes that these are 298 K and 101 kPa) shown by \u29b5<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-sub-code\">b<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-sub-text\">enthalpy change with particular reference to: reaction, \u0394H<sub>r<\/sub>, formation, \u0394H<sub>f<\/sub>, combustion, \u0394H<sub>c<\/sub>, neutralisation, \u0394H<sub>neut<\/sub><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-row ols-cie5-spec-row--mid\"><div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-code ols-cie5-spec-code--mid\">5.1.4<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-text\">understand that energy transfers occur during chemical reactions because of the breaking and making of chemical bonds<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-row ols-cie5-spec-row--light\"><div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-code\">5.1.5<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-text\">use bond energies (\u0394H positive, i.e. bond breaking) to calculate enthalpy change of reaction, \u0394H<sub>r<\/sub><\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-row ols-cie5-spec-row--mid\"><div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-code ols-cie5-spec-code--mid\">5.1.6<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-text\">understand that some bond energies are exact and some bond energies are averages<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-row ols-cie5-spec-row--light\"><div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-code\">5.1.7<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-text\">calculate enthalpy changes from appropriate experimental results, including the use of the relationships q = mc\u0394T and \u0394H = \u2013mc\u0394T\/n<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <h3 class=\"ols-cie5-spec-group-title\">5.2 Hess&#8217;s law<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-rows\">\n          <div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-row ols-cie5-spec-row--mid\"><div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-code ols-cie5-spec-code--mid\">5.2.1<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-text\">apply Hess&#8217;s law to construct simple energy cycles<\/div><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-row ols-cie5-spec-row--light\"><div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-code\">5.2.2<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-text\">carry out calculations using cycles and relevant energy terms, including:<div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-sub-list\"><div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-sub-code\">a<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-sub-text\">determining enthalpy changes that cannot be found by direct experiment<\/div><\/div><div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-sub-row\"><div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-sub-code\">b<\/div><div class=\"ols-cie5-spec-sub-text\">use of bond energy data<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@graph\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"CollectionPage\",\n      \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-5-chemical-energetics\/#webpage\",\n      \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-5-chemical-energetics\/\",\n      \"name\": \"Topic 5 Chemical Energetics | Cambridge International AS Level Chemistry | Online Learning System\",\n      \"description\": \"Cambridge International AS Level Chemistry Topic 5 Chemical Energetics revision notes: enthalpy changes and standard conditions, standard enthalpy changes, calorimetry, Hess's law and bond energies.\",\n      \"isPartOf\": {\n        \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/#website\"\n      },\n      \"breadcrumb\": {\n        \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-5-chemical-energetics\/#breadcrumb\"\n      },\n      \"inLanguage\": \"en-GB\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"BreadcrumbList\",\n      \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-5-chemical-energetics\/#breadcrumb\",\n      \"itemListElement\": [\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 1,\n          \"name\": \"Revision Notes\",\n          \"item\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/\"\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 2,\n          \"name\": \"A Level Chemistry\",\n          \"item\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/\"\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 3,\n          \"name\": \"Cambridge International (CIE)\",\n          \"item\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/\"\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 4,\n          \"name\": \"Topic 5 Chemical Energetics\",\n          \"item\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-5-chemical-energetics\/\"\n        }\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"ItemList\",\n      \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-5-chemical-energetics\/#topics\",\n      \"name\": \"Topic 5 Chemical Energetics revision notes\",\n      \"itemListElement\": [\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 1,\n          \"item\": {\n            \"@type\": \"Course\",\n            \"name\": \"Enthalpy Changes and Standard Conditions\",\n            \"description\": \"Enthalpy changes for Cambridge International A Level Chemistry: exothermic and endothermic reactions, reaction pathway diagrams, activation energy and standard conditions.\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-5-chemical-energetics\/enthalpy-changes-and-standard-conditions\/\"\n          }\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 2,\n          \"item\": {\n            \"@type\": \"Course\",\n            \"name\": \"Standard Enthalpy Changes\",\n            \"description\": \"Standard enthalpy changes for Cambridge International A Level Chemistry: definitions of reaction, formation, combustion and neutralisation with example equations.\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-5-chemical-energetics\/standard-enthalpy-changes\/\"\n          }\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 3,\n          \"item\": {\n            \"@type\": \"Course\",\n            \"name\": \"Calorimetry: Measuring Enthalpy Changes\",\n            \"description\": \"Calorimetry for Cambridge International A Level Chemistry: q = mc\u0394T, enthalpy change per mole, cooling-curve correction and sources of error.\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-5-chemical-energetics\/calorimetry-measuring-enthalpy-changes\/\"\n          }\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 4,\n          \"item\": {\n            \"@type\": \"Course\",\n            \"name\": \"Hess's Law and Enthalpy Cycles\",\n            \"description\": \"Hess's law for Cambridge International A Level Chemistry: enthalpy cycles, formation and combustion data, and indirect determination of enthalpy changes.\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-5-chemical-energetics\/hess-law-and-enthalpy-cycles\/\"\n          }\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n          \"position\": 5,\n          \"item\": {\n            \"@type\": \"Course\",\n            \"name\": \"Bond Energies\",\n            \"description\": \"Bond energies for Cambridge International A Level Chemistry: bond energy, bond breaking and making, calculating enthalpy changes and their limitations.\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/revision-notes\/a-level-chemistry\/cie\/topic-5-chemical-energetics\/bond-energies\/\"\n          }\n        }\n      ]\n    }\n  ]\n}\n<\/script>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Revision Notes \/ A Level Chemistry \/ Cambridge International (CIE) \/ Topic 5 Chemical Energetics Cambridge International AS &amp; A Level Chemistry &#8211; Physical Chemistry Topic 5Chemical Energetics Topic 5 covers the energy changes that accompany chemical reactions: exothermic and endothermic reactions, reaction pathway diagrams and activation energy, standard conditions of 298 K and 101 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":7150,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8369","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8369","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8369"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8369\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7150"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8369"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}