{"id":709,"date":"2024-01-01T00:00:03","date_gmt":"2024-01-01T00:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/product\/formulae-equations-and-amount-of-substance-edexcel-t1\/"},"modified":"2026-06-24T07:31:36","modified_gmt":"2026-06-24T06:31:36","slug":"formulae-equations-and-amount-of-substance-edexcel-t1","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/product\/formulae-equations-and-amount-of-substance-edexcel-t1\/","title":{"rendered":"Formulae, Equations and Amount of Substance &#8211; Topic 1"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"max-width: 1100px; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Poppins, Arial, sans-serif; color: #1f2937; line-height: 1.7;\">\n<p><!-- INTRO BANNER --><\/p>\n<div style=\"background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f8fafc 0%, #eef2f7 100%); padding: 36px; border-radius: 20px; margin: 0 0 22px 0; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; box-shadow: 0 10px 26px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);\">\n<h1 style=\"margin: 0 0 14px 0; font-size: 34px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.15; color: #1c244b; text-shadow: -9px 0 9px rgba(28,36,75,0.35);\">Formulae, Equations and Amounts of Substance &#8211; Topic 1<\/h1>\n<div style=\"width: 88px; height: 5px; background: #c81e1e; border-radius: 999px; margin: 0 0 18px 0;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0; font-size: 19px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #374151;\">The Formulae, Equations and Amounts of Substance Topic 1 Edexcel International course is approximately <strong>XXX Hours of Guided Learning<\/strong>. This course is structured as a complete exam-focused learning system. Students move through interactive study notes, guided virtual teaching, targeted specification assignments, and performance reporting, ensuring knowledge is not only learned, but applied and refined to examination standard.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- STATS STRIP --><\/p>\n<div style=\"background: linear-gradient(135deg, #c81e1e 0%, #a91515 100%); padding: 18px; border-radius: 18px; margin: 0 0 34px 0; box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(200,30,30,0.18);\">\n<div style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 14px;\">\n<div style=\"flex: 1 1 200px; min-width: 180px; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.12); border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.18); border-radius: 14px; padding: 14px 16px; color: #ffffff;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12px; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.5px; opacity: 0.88;\">Guided Learning<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.2;\">XXX Hours<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex: 1 1 200px; min-width: 180px; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.12); border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.18); border-radius: 14px; padding: 14px 16px; color: #ffffff;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12px; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.5px; opacity: 0.88;\">Video Lessons<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.2;\">XXX mins<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex: 1 1 200px; min-width: 180px; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.12); border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.18); border-radius: 14px; padding: 14px 16px; color: #ffffff;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12px; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.5px; opacity: 0.88;\">MCQ Assessments<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.2;\">110 Marks<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex: 1 1 200px; min-width: 180px; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.12); border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.18); border-radius: 14px; padding: 14px 16px; color: #ffffff;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12px; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.5px; opacity: 0.88;\">SAQ Assessment<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.2;\">173 Marks<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- STUDY NOTES --><\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #f3f4f6; padding: 30px; border-radius: 18px; margin: 0 0 28px 0; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; box-shadow: 0 7px 18px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);\">\n<div style=\"display: inline-block; background: #ffffff; color: #c81e1e; border: 1px solid #f1d2d2; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; padding: 7px 13px; border-radius: 999px; margin: 0 0 14px 0;\">Interactive Study<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 18px 0; font-size: 30px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.2; color: #1c244b; text-shadow: -9px 0 9px rgba(28,36,75,0.35); border-left: 6px solid #c81e1e; padding-left: 14px;\">Study Notes<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 16px 0; font-size: 19px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #374151;\">Structured digital study notes for Formulae, Equations and Amounts of Substance Topic 1 Edexcel International present the full specification content in a clear, exam-focused format. Interactive H5P elements are embedded throughout, allowing students to test understanding immediately through targeted retrieval questions and applied practice.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 22px 0; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #4b5563;\">Learning is active, not passive &#8211; every key concept is reinforced during study.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2530 size-full\" style=\"display: block; width: 100%; max-width: 700px; height: auto; border-radius: 14px; margin: 0 auto; box-shadow: 0 6px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);\" title=\"Alkanes Organic Chemistry - Isomers Study Notes\" src=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/alkanes-organic-chemistry-isomers-h5p-study-notes.webp\" alt=\"Alkanes and organic chemistry H5P interactive study notes showing chain isomerism, position isomerism and functional group isomerism with drag and drop activity\" width=\"1231\" height=\"1273\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/alkanes-organic-chemistry-isomers-h5p-study-notes.webp 1231w, https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/alkanes-organic-chemistry-isomers-h5p-study-notes-1200x1241.webp 1200w, https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/alkanes-organic-chemistry-isomers-h5p-study-notes-290x300.webp 290w, https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/alkanes-organic-chemistry-isomers-h5p-study-notes-990x1024.webp 990w, https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/alkanes-organic-chemistry-isomers-h5p-study-notes-768x794.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1231px) 100vw, 1231px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- VIRTUAL LESSON --><\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #f3f4f6; padding: 30px; border-radius: 18px; margin: 0 0 28px 0; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; box-shadow: 0 7px 18px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);\">\n<div style=\"display: inline-block; background: #ffffff; color: #c81e1e; border: 1px solid #f1d2d2; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; padding: 7px 13px; border-radius: 999px; margin: 0 0 14px 0;\">Guided Video Teaching<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 18px 0; font-size: 30px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.2; color: #1c244b; text-shadow: -9px 0 9px rgba(28,36,75,0.35); border-left: 6px solid #c81e1e; padding-left: 14px;\">Virtual Lesson<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 16px 0; font-size: 19px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #374151;\">The Formulae, Equations and Amounts of Substance Topic 1 Edexcel International course includes a series of recorded virtual lessons designed to develop both core subject knowledge and the exam technique required for high-level performance.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px 0; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #4b5563;\">XXX<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 22px 0; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #4b5563;\">The total duration for this Formulae, Equations and Amounts of Substance Topic 1 video content is XXX minutes (XXX hours XXX minutes).<\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #ffffff; padding: 14px; border-radius: 14px; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; box-shadow: 0 3px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);\">\n<div style=\"position: relative; width: 100%; padding-bottom: 56.25%; height: 0; overflow: hidden; border-radius: 10px;\"><iframe style=\"position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; border: 0; border-radius: 10px;\" title=\"How to Name Halogenoalkanes | A Level Chemistry | Organic Chemistry Explained\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Fu_PA7Ec6Fk\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- ASSIGNMENT REPORT --><\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #f3f4f6; padding: 30px; border-radius: 18px; margin: 0 0 34px 0; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; box-shadow: 0 7px 18px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);\">\n<div style=\"display: inline-block; background: #ffffff; color: #c81e1e; border: 1px solid #f1d2d2; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; padding: 7px 13px; border-radius: 999px; margin: 0 0 14px 0;\">Specialist Marking<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 18px 0; font-size: 30px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.2; color: #1c244b; text-shadow: -9px 0 9px rgba(28,36,75,0.35); border-left: 6px solid #c81e1e; padding-left: 14px;\">Assignment &amp; Specification Report<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 16px 0; font-size: 19px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #374151;\">The Formulae, Equations and Amounts of Substance Topic 1 assignment covers every individual specification point from the Edexcel International A Level Chemistry specification, from formulae and equation writing to mole calculations, relative masses, concentration, empirical and molecular formulae, percentage yield, atom economy, and test-tube reactions. Across 28 marks, questions are structured as multiple-choice, short-answer, and extended-response tasks, requiring you to apply knowledge, interpret data, and, where relevant, complete multi-step quantitative calculations.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 22px 0; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #4b5563;\">All responses are marked by a qualified Chemistry Specialist. Once marking is complete, you receive detailed written feedback alongside a personalised progress report, colour-coded red, orange, or green against each specification point. Red highlights significant misconceptions or weak understanding requiring immediate attention. Orange indicates partial understanding with gaps needing targeted improvement. Green confirms secure mastery. With specification points assessed individually, the report gives you precise visibility of exactly where your understanding stands, rather than a broad topic score that obscures the detail.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2545 aligncenter\" style=\"display: block; width: 100%; max-width: 480px; height: auto; border-radius: 14px; margin: 0 auto; box-shadow: 0 6px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);\" title=\"A Level Chemistry Progress Report Formulae, Equations &amp; Amounts of Substance Specification Feedback\" src=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/a-level-chemistry-progress-report-formulae-equations-amounts-of-substance-spec-feedback.jpg\" alt=\"A Level Chemistry progress report showing student performance in formulae equations and amounts of substance with colour coded specification levels\" width=\"830\" height=\"1174\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- MCQ --><\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #f3f4f6; padding: 30px; border-radius: 18px; margin: 0 0 28px 0; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; box-shadow: 0 7px 18px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);\">\n<div style=\"display: inline-block; background: #ffffff; color: #c81e1e; border: 1px solid #f1d2d2; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; padding: 7px 13px; border-radius: 999px; margin: 0 0 14px 0;\">Instant Feedback<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 0 0 18px 0; font-size: 30px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.2; color: #1c244b; text-shadow: -9px 0 9px rgba(28,36,75,0.35); border-left: 6px solid #c81e1e; padding-left: 14px;\">Multiple Choice Question Assessments<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 16px 0; font-size: 19px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #374151;\">Six multiple choice quizzes cover the full breadth of Formulae, Equations and Amounts of Substance Topic 1, totalling 123 marks across six structured assessments. Every quiz is auto-marked instantly, so there is no waiting, you find out how you performed the moment you submit.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 16px 0; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #374151;\">What sets these quizzes apart from standard revision tools is the diagnostic feedback attached to every answer option. Selecting an incorrect answer does not simply tell you that you are wrong, it explains precisely why that option is incorrect and why the right answer is correct. This targets the exact misconceptions that cost marks in exams.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 22px 0; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #4b5563;\">Across the quizzes, the questions are structured to build understanding progressively, from foundational knowledge of formulae, equations, and relative masses through to mole calculations, concentration, empirical formulae, percentage yield, atom economy, and test-tube reactions. This gives you a clear and immediate picture of which areas are secure and which require further attention before your IAL exam.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2532\" style=\"display: block; width: 100%; max-width: 700px; height: auto; border-radius: 14px; margin: 0 auto; box-shadow: 0 6px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);\" title=\"Alkanes Organic Chemistry - Isomers Study Notes\" src=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/alkanes-organic-chemistry-isomers-h5p-study-notes.webp\" alt=\"Alkanes and organic chemistry H5P interactive study notes showing chain isomerism, position isomerism and functional group isomerism with drag and drop activity\" width=\"870\" height=\"779\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- SAQ --><\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #f3f4f6; padding: 30px; border-radius: 18px; margin: 0 0 28px 0; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; box-shadow: 0 7px 18px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);\">\n<div style=\"display: inline-block; background: #ffffff; color: #c81e1e; border: 1px solid #f1d2d2; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; padding: 7px 13px; border-radius: 999px; margin: 0 0 14px 0;\">Detailed Written Feedback<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 0 0 18px 0; font-size: 30px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.2; color: #1c244b; text-shadow: -9px 0 9px rgba(28,36,75,0.35); border-left: 6px solid #c81e1e; padding-left: 14px;\">Short Answer Question Assessments<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 16px 0; font-size: 19px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #374151;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Eleven short answer quizzes (A\u2013K) cover Topic 1: Formulae, Equations and Amounts of Substance, with a total of <strong data-start=\"111\" data-end=\"124\">267 marks<\/strong>. Students select <strong data-start=\"142\" data-end=\"155\">5 quizzes<\/strong> to attempt, with up to <strong data-start=\"179\" data-end=\"192\">145 marks<\/strong> available if the highest-mark sets are chosen. To attempt more than five, contact us <\/span>to arrange additional marking.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 16px 0; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #374151;\">Each quiz requires written responses or uploaded working, reflecting real exam conditions where method, clarity, and correct chemical notation are essential.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 22px 0; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #4b5563;\">All submissions are <strong data-start=\"521\" data-end=\"568\">marked personally by a chemistry specialist<\/strong> and returned within <strong data-start=\"589\" data-end=\"611\">three working days<\/strong> with detailed written feedback for every question. Students may submit <strong data-start=\"683\" data-end=\"703\">one quiz per day<\/strong> to ensure marking quality and turnaround.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 22px 0; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #4b5563;\">The questions assess core exam skills including balancing equations, mole calculations, empirical formulae, percentage yield, and practical reaction descriptions, targeting the precision and structure needed for top grades.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2533\" style=\"display: block; width: 100%; max-width: 700px; height: auto; border-radius: 14px; margin: 0 auto; box-shadow: 0 6px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);\" title=\"Alkanes Organic Chemistry - Isomers Study Notes\" src=\"https:\/\/www.onlinelearningsystem.net\/xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/alkanes-organic-chemistry-isomers-h5p-study-notes.webp\" alt=\"Alkanes and organic chemistry H5P interactive study notes showing chain isomerism, position isomerism and functional group isomerism with drag and drop activity\" width=\"931\" height=\"840\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- SPECIFICATION --><\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #f3f4f6; padding: 30px; border-radius: 18px; margin: 0 0 28px 0; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; box-shadow: 0 7px 18px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);\">\n<div style=\"display: inline-block; background: #ffffff; color: #c81e1e; border: 1px solid #f1d2d2; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; padding: 7px 13px; border-radius: 999px; margin: 0 0 14px 0;\">Exam Board Alignment<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 0 0 18px 0; font-size: 30px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.2; color: #1c244b; text-shadow: -9px 0 9px rgba(28,36,75,0.35); border-left: 6px solid #c81e1e; padding-left: 14px;\"><a style=\"color: #1c244b; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/qualifications.pearson.com\/en\/qualifications\/edexcel-international-advanced-levels\/chemistry-2018.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Formulae, Equations and Amounts of Substance Topic 1 Edexcel International<\/a><\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px 0; font-size: 19px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #374151;\">The Formulae, Equations and Amounts of Substance Topic 1 Edexcel International course covers the following Edexcel International A Level Chemistry specification points:<\/p>\n<div id=\"ols-spec-list\" style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 6px;\">\n<p><!-- 1.1 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-spec-row\" style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: nowrap; align-items: stretch; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #ead4d4; border-radius: 16px; overflow: hidden; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important;\">\n<div class=\"ols-spec-num\" style=\"flex: 0 0 90px; background: #c81e1e; color: #ffffff; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 18px 12px; margin: 0;\">1.1<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-spec-body\" style=\"flex: 1; padding: 16px 20px; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #374151; margin: 0;\">know the terms &#8216;atom&#8217;, &#8216;element&#8217;, &#8216;ion&#8217;, &#8216;molecule&#8217;, &#8216;compound&#8217;, &#8217;empirical formula&#8217; and &#8216;molecular formula&#8217;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- 1.2 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-spec-row\" style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: nowrap; align-items: stretch; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #ead4d4; border-radius: 16px; overflow: hidden; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important;\">\n<div class=\"ols-spec-num\" style=\"flex: 0 0 90px; background: #c81e1e; color: #ffffff; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 18px 12px; margin: 0;\">1.2<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-spec-body\" style=\"flex: 1; padding: 16px 20px; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #374151; margin: 0;\">know that the mole (mol) is the unit for the amount of a substance and be able to perform calculations using the Avogadro constant <em>L<\/em> (6.02 \u00d7 10<sup>23<\/sup> mol<sup>\u22121<\/sup>)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- 1.3 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-spec-row\" style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: nowrap; align-items: stretch; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #ead4d4; border-radius: 16px; overflow: hidden; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important;\">\n<div class=\"ols-spec-num\" style=\"flex: 0 0 90px; background: #c81e1e; color: #ffffff; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 18px 12px; margin: 0;\">1.3<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-spec-body\" style=\"flex: 1; padding: 16px 20px; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #374151; margin: 0;\">write balanced full and ionic equations, including state symbols, for chemical reactions<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- 1.4 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-spec-row\" style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: nowrap; align-items: stretch; background: #fff5f5; border: 1px solid #efcaca; border-radius: 16px; overflow: hidden; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important;\">\n<div class=\"ols-spec-num\" style=\"flex: 0 0 90px; background: #b91c1c; color: #ffffff; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 18px 12px; margin: 0;\">1.4<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-spec-body\" style=\"flex: 1; padding: 16px 20px; margin: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #374151; margin: 0 0 10px 0;\">understand the terms:<\/div>\n<div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 6px;\">\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-row\" style=\"display: flex; align-items: stretch; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #f1d5d5; border-radius: 12px; overflow: hidden; margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important;\">\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-num\" style=\"flex: 0 0 70px; background: #fca5a5; color: #7f1d1d; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 12px 10px; margin: 0;\">i<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-body\" style=\"flex: 1; padding: 12px 16px; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #4b5563; margin: 0;\">&#8216;relative atomic mass&#8217; based on the <sup>12<\/sup>C scale<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-row\" style=\"display: flex; align-items: stretch; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #f1d5d5; border-radius: 12px; overflow: hidden; margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important;\">\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-num\" style=\"flex: 0 0 70px; background: #fca5a5; color: #7f1d1d; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 12px 10px; margin: 0;\">ii<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-body\" style=\"flex: 1; padding: 12px 16px; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #4b5563; margin: 0;\">&#8216;relative molecular mass&#8217; and &#8216;relative formula mass&#8217;, including calculating these values from relative atomic masses. The term &#8216;relative formula mass&#8217; should be used for compounds with giant structures.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-row\" style=\"display: flex; align-items: stretch; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #f1d5d5; border-radius: 12px; overflow: hidden; margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important;\">\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-num\" style=\"flex: 0 0 70px; background: #fca5a5; color: #7f1d1d; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 12px 10px; margin: 0;\">iii<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-body\" style=\"flex: 1; padding: 12px 16px; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #4b5563; margin: 0;\">&#8216;molar mass&#8217; as the mass per mole of a substance in g mol<sup>\u22121<\/sup><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-row\" style=\"display: flex; align-items: stretch; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #f1d5d5; border-radius: 12px; overflow: hidden; margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important;\">\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-num\" style=\"flex: 0 0 70px; background: #fca5a5; color: #7f1d1d; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 12px 10px; margin: 0;\">iv<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-body\" style=\"flex: 1; padding: 12px 16px; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #4b5563; margin: 0;\">parts per million (ppm), including gases in the atmosphere<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- 1.5 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-spec-row\" style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: nowrap; align-items: stretch; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #ead4d4; border-radius: 16px; overflow: hidden; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important;\">\n<div class=\"ols-spec-num\" style=\"flex: 0 0 90px; background: #c81e1e; color: #ffffff; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 18px 12px; margin: 0;\">1.5<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-spec-body\" style=\"flex: 1; padding: 16px 20px; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #374151; margin: 0;\">calculate the concentration of a solution in mol dm<sup>\u22123<\/sup> and g dm<sup>\u22123<\/sup>. Titration calculations are not required at this stage.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- 1.6 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-spec-row\" style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: nowrap; align-items: stretch; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #ead4d4; border-radius: 16px; overflow: hidden; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important;\">\n<div class=\"ols-spec-num\" style=\"flex: 0 0 90px; background: #c81e1e; color: #ffffff; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 18px 12px; margin: 0;\">1.6<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-spec-body\" style=\"flex: 1; padding: 16px 20px; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #374151; margin: 0;\">be able to use experimental data to calculate empirical and molecular formulae<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- 1.7 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-spec-row\" style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: nowrap; align-items: stretch; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #ead4d4; border-radius: 16px; overflow: hidden; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important;\">\n<div class=\"ols-spec-num\" style=\"flex: 0 0 90px; background: #c81e1e; color: #ffffff; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 18px 12px; margin: 0;\">1.7<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-spec-body\" style=\"flex: 1; padding: 16px 20px; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #374151; margin: 0;\">be able to use chemical equations to calculate reacting masses and vice versa, using the concepts of amount of substance and molar mass<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- 1.8 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-spec-row\" style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: nowrap; align-items: stretch; background: #fff5f5; border: 1px solid #efcaca; border-radius: 16px; overflow: hidden; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important;\">\n<div class=\"ols-spec-num\" style=\"flex: 0 0 90px; background: #b91c1c; color: #ffffff; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 18px 12px; margin: 0;\">1.8<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-spec-body\" style=\"flex: 1; padding: 16px 20px; margin: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #374151; margin: 0 0 10px 0;\">be able to use chemical equations to calculate volumes of gases and vice versa, using:<\/div>\n<div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 6px;\">\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-row\" style=\"display: flex; align-items: stretch; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #f1d5d5; border-radius: 12px; overflow: hidden; margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important;\">\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-num\" style=\"flex: 0 0 70px; background: #fca5a5; color: #7f1d1d; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 12px 10px; margin: 0;\">i<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-body\" style=\"flex: 1; padding: 12px 16px; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #4b5563; margin: 0;\">the concepts of amount of substance<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-row\" style=\"display: flex; align-items: stretch; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #f1d5d5; border-radius: 12px; overflow: hidden; margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important;\">\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-num\" style=\"flex: 0 0 70px; background: #fca5a5; color: #7f1d1d; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 12px 10px; margin: 0;\">ii<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-body\" style=\"flex: 1; padding: 12px 16px; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #4b5563; margin: 0;\">the molar volume of gases<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-row\" style=\"display: flex; align-items: stretch; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #f1d5d5; border-radius: 12px; overflow: hidden; margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important;\">\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-num\" style=\"flex: 0 0 70px; background: #fca5a5; color: #7f1d1d; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 12px 10px; margin: 0;\">iii<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-body\" style=\"flex: 1; padding: 12px 16px; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #4b5563; margin: 0;\">the expression <em>pV<\/em> = n<em>RT<\/em> for gases and volatile liquids<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- 1.9 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-spec-row\" style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: nowrap; align-items: stretch; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #ead4d4; border-radius: 16px; overflow: hidden; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important;\">\n<div class=\"ols-spec-num\" style=\"flex: 0 0 90px; background: #c81e1e; color: #ffffff; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 18px 12px; margin: 0;\">1.9<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-spec-body\" style=\"flex: 1; padding: 16px 20px; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #374151; margin: 0;\">be able to calculate percentage yields and percentage atom economies (by mass) in laboratory and industrial processes, using chemical equations and experimental results. Atom economy = (molar mass of the desired product \u00f7 sum of the molar masses of all products) \u00d7 100%<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- 1.10 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-spec-row\" style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: nowrap; align-items: stretch; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #ead4d4; border-radius: 16px; overflow: hidden; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important;\">\n<div class=\"ols-spec-num\" style=\"flex: 0 0 90px; background: #c81e1e; color: #ffffff; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 18px 12px; margin: 0;\">1.10<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-spec-body\" style=\"flex: 1; padding: 16px 20px; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #374151; margin: 0;\">be able to determine a formula or confirm an equation by experiment, including evaluation of the data<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- 1.11 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-spec-row\" style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: nowrap; align-items: stretch; background: #f0f9ff; border: 1px solid #bae6fd; border-radius: 16px; overflow: hidden; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important;\">\n<div class=\"ols-spec-num\" style=\"flex: 0 0 90px; background: #0369a1; color: #ffffff; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 18px 12px; text-align: center; margin: 0;\">Core Practical 1<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-spec-body\" style=\"flex: 1; padding: 16px 20px; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #374151; margin: 0;\"><strong>Measurement of the molar volume of a gas.<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- 1.12 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-spec-row\" style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: nowrap; align-items: stretch; background: #fff5f5; border: 1px solid #efcaca; border-radius: 16px; overflow: hidden; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important;\">\n<div class=\"ols-spec-num\" style=\"flex: 0 0 90px; background: #b91c1c; color: #ffffff; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 18px 12px; margin: 0;\">1.12<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-spec-body\" style=\"flex: 1; padding: 16px 20px; margin: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #374151; margin: 0 0 10px 0;\">be able to relate ionic and full equations, with state symbols, to observations from simple test-tube experiments, to include:<\/div>\n<div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 6px;\">\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-row\" style=\"display: flex; align-items: stretch; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #f1d5d5; border-radius: 12px; overflow: hidden; margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important;\">\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-num\" style=\"flex: 0 0 70px; background: #fca5a5; color: #7f1d1d; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 12px 10px; margin: 0;\">i<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-body\" style=\"flex: 1; padding: 12px 16px; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #4b5563; margin: 0;\">displacement reactions<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-row\" style=\"display: flex; align-items: stretch; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #f1d5d5; border-radius: 12px; overflow: hidden; margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important;\">\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-num\" style=\"flex: 0 0 70px; background: #fca5a5; color: #7f1d1d; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 12px 10px; margin: 0;\">ii<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-body\" style=\"flex: 1; padding: 12px 16px; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #4b5563; margin: 0;\">typical reactions of acids<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-row\" style=\"display: flex; align-items: stretch; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #f1d5d5; border-radius: 12px; overflow: hidden; margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important;\">\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-num\" style=\"flex: 0 0 70px; background: #fca5a5; color: #7f1d1d; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 12px 10px; margin: 0;\">iii<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-body\" style=\"flex: 1; padding: 12px 16px; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #4b5563; margin: 0;\">precipitation reactions<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- Further suggested practicals --><\/p>\n<div class=\"ols-spec-row\" style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: nowrap; align-items: stretch; background: #f0f9ff; border: 1px solid #bae6fd; border-radius: 16px; overflow: hidden; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important;\">\n<div class=\"ols-spec-num\" style=\"flex: 0 0 90px; background: #0369a1; color: #ffffff; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 18px 12px; text-align: center; margin: 0;\">Further Practicals<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-spec-body\" style=\"flex: 1; padding: 16px 20px; margin: 0;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #374151; margin: 0 0 10px 0;\"><strong>Further suggested practicals:<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 6px;\">\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-row\" style=\"display: flex; align-items: stretch; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #bae6fd; border-radius: 12px; overflow: hidden; margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important;\">\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-num\" style=\"flex: 0 0 70px; background: #7dd3fc; color: #0c4a6e; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 12px 10px; margin: 0;\">i<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-body\" style=\"flex: 1; padding: 12px 16px; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #4b5563; margin: 0;\">preparation of a salt and calculating the percentage yield of product, including the preparation of a double salt, such as ammonium iron(II) sulfate from iron, ammonia and sulfuric acid<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-row\" style=\"display: flex; align-items: stretch; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #bae6fd; border-radius: 12px; overflow: hidden; margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important;\">\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-num\" style=\"flex: 0 0 70px; background: #7dd3fc; color: #0c4a6e; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 12px 10px; margin: 0;\">ii<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-body\" style=\"flex: 1; padding: 12px 16px; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #4b5563; margin: 0;\">determine a chemical formula by experiment, such as the formula of copper(II) oxide by reduction<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-row\" style=\"display: flex; align-items: stretch; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #bae6fd; border-radius: 12px; overflow: hidden; margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important;\">\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-num\" style=\"flex: 0 0 70px; background: #7dd3fc; color: #0c4a6e; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 12px 10px; margin: 0;\">iii<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-body\" style=\"flex: 1; padding: 12px 16px; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #4b5563; margin: 0;\">determine a chemical equation by experiment, such as the reaction between lithium and water, or the reaction between magnesium and an acid<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-row\" style=\"display: flex; align-items: stretch; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #bae6fd; border-radius: 12px; overflow: hidden; margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important;\">\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-num\" style=\"flex: 0 0 70px; background: #7dd3fc; color: #0c4a6e; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 12px 10px; margin: 0;\">iv<\/div>\n<div class=\"ols-subitem-body\" style=\"flex: 1; padding: 12px 16px; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #4b5563; margin: 0;\">carry out and interpret the results of simple test-tube reactions, as outlined in 1.12<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- CTA --><\/p>\n<div style=\"background: linear-gradient(135deg, #c81e1e 0%, #a91515 100%); padding: 30px; border-radius: 20px; margin: 0 0 12px 0; color: #ffffff; box-shadow: 0 10px 26px rgba(200,30,30,0.22);\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-transform: uppercase; opacity: 0.9; margin: 0 0 10px 0;\">Complete Topic Package<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 12px 0; font-size: 30px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.2; color: #ffffff; text-shadow: -9px 0 9px rgba(28,36,75,0.35);\">Learn the content, apply the chemistry, and identify exactly where marks are being lost.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px 0; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.8; color: #fef2f2;\">This course combines interactive study notes, guided video teaching, auto-marked diagnostic quizzes, specialist-marked written assessments, and detailed specification reporting in one structured system for Edexcel International A Level Chemistry.<\/p>\n<div style=\"display: inline-block; background: #ffffff; color: #c81e1e; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; padding: 12px 18px; border-radius: 999px;\">Exam-focused learning with clear performance feedback<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>\n(function() {\n  var BREAKPOINT = 600;<\/p>\n<p>  function applyMobile(el) { el.style.flexDirection = 'column'; }\n  function applyDesktop(el) { el.style.flexDirection = 'row'; }<\/p>\n<p>  function applyNumMobile(el) {\n    el.style.flex = 'none';\n    el.style.width = '100%';\n    el.style.borderRadius = '0';\n    el.style.padding = '10px 16px';\n    el.style.justifyContent = 'center';\n    el.style.textAlign = 'center';\n  }\n  function applyNumDesktop(el, isSubitem) {\n    el.style.flex = isSubitem ? 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