Intermolecular
Forces
This section covers the forces between molecules: permanent dipole-dipole forces, induced dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonding. It also links the strength of these intermolecular forces to melting points, boiling points, ice and anomalous boiling points.
Revision Notes
6 revision notes, in the order the specification teaches them.
London Forces
Induced dipole-dipole forces, also called van der Waals, dispersion or London forces, and what sets their strength.
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Permanent Dipole-Dipole Forces
Attractions between molecules with permanent dipoles, and deciding the forces in an unfamiliar molecule.
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Hydrogen Bonding
The N-H, O-H and H-F requirement, the exam diagram, and predicting hydrogen bonding in other molecules.
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Anomalous Properties of Water
Why water boils at 100 °C, why ice floats and why water has a high surface tension.
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Boiling Point Trends
Alkane chain length and branching, alcohols against alkanes, and the hydrogen halides.
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Choosing Solvents
Hydration of ions, alcohols in water, halogenoalkanes and non-aqueous solvents.
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Intermolecular Forces Map
AQA A Level Chemistry · 3.1.3 Intermolecular forces
The whole section on one A4 page: bonds or forces, van der Waals forces, permanent dipoles, hydrogen bonds, H₂O, NH₃ and HF, and why water is odd.
Melting and Boiling Points Map
AQA A Level Chemistry · 3.1.3 Melting and boiling points
The whole section on one A4 page: chain length, branching, alcohols against alkanes, the hydrogen halides, listing the forces and unfamiliar molecules.
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Specification
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3.1.3.7
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