3.1.6
Chemical Equilibria,
Le Chatelier and Kc
Section 3.1.6 covers reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium, Le Chatelier’s principle for temperature, pressure and concentration, why a catalyst does not move the position of equilibrium, the compromise conditions used in industry, and the equilibrium constant Kc: writing the expression, calculating a value from equilibrium concentrations and predicting how temperature changes it.
Revision Notes
4 revision notes, in the order the specification teaches them.
Dynamic Equilibrium
Dynamic equilibrium: reversible reactions, equal forward and reverse rates, constant concentrations, closed systems and the position of equilibrium.
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Le Chatelier’s Principle
Le Chatelier’s principle: temperature, pressure and concentration changes, catalysts, and the ammonia and chromate equilibria as examples.
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Equilibria in Industry
Equilibria in industry: the Haber and Contact processes, compromise temperature and pressure, catalysts and evaluating yield data.
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The Equilibrium Constant Kc
Kc: expressions, units, calculations from equilibrium amounts, the magnitude of Kc and the effect of temperature.
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Equilibria Map
AQA A-level Chemistry · 3.1.6 Chemical equilibria, Le Chatelier's principle and Kc
The whole section on one A4 page: dynamic equilibrium, Kc, concentration, pressure, temperature and catalysts, and industrial conditions, with worked examples.
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3.1.6.1
- ii
know that in a reversible reaction at equilibrium, forward and reverse reactions proceed at equal rates and the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant
Revise - iii a
apply Le Chatelier's principle to predict the effect of changes in temperature on the position of equilibrium in homogeneous reactions
Revise - iii b
apply Le Chatelier's principle to predict the effect of changes in pressure on the position of equilibrium in homogeneous reactions
Revise - iii c
apply Le Chatelier's principle to predict the effect of changes in concentration on the position of equilibrium in homogeneous reactions
Revise - v
explain why, for a reversible reaction used in an industrial process, a compromise temperature and pressure may be used
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3.1.6.2
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