Topic 19
Modern Analytical
Techniques II
Topic 19 covers the instrumental techniques used to identify organic compounds: high resolution mass spectrometry with accurate relative molecular masses (19A), carbon-13 and high resolution proton NMR spectroscopy (19B), and chromatography, including Rf values, HPLC, GC and their use with mass spectrometry (19C).
Revision Notes
5 revision notes, in the order the specification teaches them.
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
High resolution mass spectrometry: accurate relative molecular masses to four decimal places and identifying molecular formulae.
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Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy
¹³C NMR spectroscopy: carbon environments, number of peaks, chemical shift and deducing structures.
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Proton NMR Spectroscopy
¹H NMR spectroscopy: chemical shift, integration, the n + 1 rule and splitting patterns, and deducing structures from spectra.
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Chromatography: Paper, Thin-Layer and Rf Values
Chromatography: stationary and mobile phases, paper and thin-layer chromatography and Rf values.
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Gas Chromatography, HPLC and Mass Spectrometry
GC and HPLC: retention times and GC-MS.
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Spectroscopy and Chromatography Map
Edexcel A Level Chemistry · Topic 19 Modern Analytical Techniques II
The whole section on one A4 page: high resolution mass spectrometry, ¹³C and ¹H NMR, splitting, paper and thin-layer chromatography, GC and HPLC.
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19
- A.1i
be able to use data from mass spectra to: suggest possible structures of a simple organic compound given relative molecular masses, accurate to four decimal places
Revise - A.1ii
be able to use data from mass spectra to: calculate the accurate relative molecular mass of a compound, given relative atomic masses to four decimal places, and therefore identify a compound
Revise - B.2
understand that 13C NMR spectroscopy provides information about the positions of 13C atoms in a molecule
Revise - B.3i
be able to use data from 13C NMR spectroscopy to: predict the different environments for carbon atoms present in a molecule, given values of chemical shift, δ
Revise - B.3ii
be able to use data from 13C NMR spectroscopy to: justify the number of peaks present in a 13C NMR spectrum because of carbon atoms in different environments
Revise - B.4
understand that high resolution proton NMR provides information about the positions of 1H atoms in a molecule
Revise - B.5i
be able to use data from high resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy to: predict the different types of proton present in a molecule, given values of chemical shift, δ
Revise - B.5ii
be able to use data from high resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy to: relate relative peak areas, or ratio numbers of protons, to the relative numbers of 1H atoms in different environments
Revise - B.5iii
be able to use data from high resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy to: deduce the splitting patterns of adjacent, non-equivalent protons using the (n+1) rule and hence suggest the possible structures for a molecule
Revise - B.5iv
be able to use data from high resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy to: predict the chemical shifts and splitting patterns of the 1H atoms in a given molecule
Revise - C.6
know that chromatography separates components of a mixture between a mobile phase and a stationary phase
Revise - C.8iii b
know that HPLC may be used with mass spectrometry in applications such as drugs testing in sport
Revise - C.8iii d
know that GC may be used with mass spectrometry in applications such as drugs testing in sport
Revise
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