Topic 10
Alcohols, Halogenoalkanes
& Spectra

understand that experimental observations and data can be used to compare the relative rates of hydrolysis of: primary, secondary and tertiary structural isomers of a halogenoalkane

understand that experimental observations and data can be used to compare the relative rates of hydrolysis of: primary chloro-, bromo- and iodoalkanes using aqueous silver nitrate in ethanol

CORE PRACTICAL 5 Investigation of the rates of hydrolysis of some halogenoalkanes.

know the trend in reactivity of primary halogenoalkanes

know the trend in reactivity of secondary halogenoalkanes

know the trend in reactivity of tertiary halogenoalkanes

understand the trend in reactivity of chloroalkanes in terms of bond enthalpy

understand the trend in reactivity of bromoalkanes in terms of bond enthalpy

understand the trend in reactivity of iodoalkanes in terms of bond enthalpy

CORE PRACTICAL 6 Chlorination of 2-methylpropan-2-ol with concentrated hydrochloric acid.

understand the nomenclature of alcohols

be able to draw structural formulae of alcohols

be able to draw displayed formulae of alcohols

be able to draw skeletal formulae of alcohols

understand the distinction between primary alcohols

understand the distinction between secondary alcohols

understand the distinction between tertiary alcohols

understand the reactions of alcohols with: oxygen in air (combustion)

understand the reactions of alcohols with PCl5 to produce chloroalkanes

understand the use of PCl5 as a qualitative test for the presence of the –OH group

understand the reactions of alcohols with 50% concentrated sulfuric acid and potassium bromide to produce bromoalkanes

understand the reactions of alcohols with red phosphorus and iodine to produce iodoalkanes

understand the reactions of alcohols with concentrated phosphoric acid to form alkenes by elimination

know that descriptions of the mechanisms of alcohol elimination reactions are not required

understand that potassium dichromate(VI) in dilute sulfuric acid can oxidise: primary alcohols to produce aldehydes (which give a positive result with Benedict’s or Fehling’s solution) if the product is distilled as it forms

understand that potassium dichromate(VI) in dilute sulfuric acid can oxidise: primary alcohols to produce carboxylic acids (which give a positive result with sodium carbonate or sodium hydrogencarbonate) if the reagents are heated under reflux

understand that potassium dichromate(VI) in dilute sulfuric acid can oxidise secondary alcohols to ketones

know that in equations, the oxidising agent can be represented by [O]

understand, the following techniques in the preparation and purification of a liquid organic compound: heating under reflux

understand, the following techniques in the preparation and purification of a liquid organic compound: extraction with a solvent using a separating funnel

understand, the following techniques in the preparation and purification of a liquid organic compound: distillation

understand, the following techniques in the preparation and purification of a liquid organic compound: drying with an anhydrous salt

understand, the following techniques in the preparation and purification of a liquid organic compound: boiling temperature determination

CORE PRACTICAL 7 The oxidation of propan-1-ol to produce propanal

CORE PRACTICAL 7 The oxidation of propan-1-ol to produce propanoic acid

be able to interpret data from mass spectra to suggest possible structures of simple organic compounds using the m/z of the molecular ion

be able to interpret data from mass spectra to suggest possible structures of simple organic compounds using fragmentation patterns

be able to use infrared spectra, or data from infrared spectra, to deduce functional groups present in organic compounds, and predict infrared absorptions, given wavenumber data, due to familiar functional groups including: C–H stretching absorptions in alkanes, alkenes and aldehydes

be able to use infrared spectra, or data from infrared spectra, to deduce functional groups present in organic compounds, and predict infrared absorptions, given wavenumber data, due to familiar functional groups including: C=C stretching absorption in alkenes

be able to use infrared spectra, or data from infrared spectra, to deduce functional groups present in organic compounds, and predict infrared absorptions, given wavenumber data, due to familiar functional groups including: O–H stretching absorptions in alcohols and carboxylic acids

be able to use infrared spectra, or data from infrared spectra, to deduce functional groups present in organic compounds, and predict infrared absorptions, given wavenumber data, due to familiar functional groups including: C=O stretching absorptions in aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids

be able to use infrared spectra, or data from infrared spectra, to deduce functional groups present in organic compounds, and predict infrared absorptions, given wavenumber data, due to familiar functional groups including: C–X stretching absorption in halogenoalkanes

be able to use infrared spectra, or data from infrared spectra, to deduce functional groups present in organic compounds, and predict infrared absorptions, given wavenumber data, due to familiar functional groups including: N-H stretching absorption in amines

CORE PRACTICAL 8 Analysis of some inorganic and organic unknowns.