Topic 26
Reaction Kinetics
Topic 26 covers rate equations, order, overall order, the rate constant, half-life, the rate-determining step and intermediates; deducing orders from concentration–time graphs, initial rates and the half-life method; interpreting graphs and calculating initial rates; the constant half-life of a first-order reaction and k = (0.693) / (t½); k from initial rates; mechanisms and the rate-determining step; the qualitative effect of temperature on k; and homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis with the Haber, catalytic converter, oxides of nitrogen and Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ examples.
Revision Notes
8 revision notes, in the order the specification teaches them.
Rate Equations, Orders and the Rate Constant
Rate equations: orders of reaction, the rate constant k, overall order and working out the units of k.
Start revisingTechniques for Measuring Rates
Measuring rates: titration, colorimetry, mass and gas-volume methods, continuous monitoring and the initial-rates method with clock reactions.
Start revisingConcentration–Time Graphs and Half-Life
Concentration–time graphs: deducing order from the shape, tangents and rates, half-life and first-order reactions, k from the half-life.
Start revisingRate–Concentration Graphs and the Initial-Rates Method
The initial-rates method: rate–concentration graphs, deducing orders from tables of data, writing the rate equation and calculating k.
Start revisingThe Iodine–Propanone Reaction
The iodine–propanone reaction: collecting rate data, the orders with respect to iodine, propanone and H⁺, and deducing the mechanism.
Start revisingRate-Determining Step and Reaction Mechanisms
The rate-determining step: rate equations from mechanisms, mechanisms from rate equations, intermediates, and Sₙ1/Sₙ2 evidence from halogenoalkanes hydrolysis.
Start revisingTemperature, Activation Energy and the Rate Constant
Temperature and the rate constant: the Boltzmann distribution, the fraction of particles with E ≥ Eₐ, and why the rate and k rise with temperature.
Start revisingHeterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysis
Catalysis: heterogeneous catalysts at surfaces (adsorption, desorption, the Haber process, catalytic converters) and homogeneous catalysts that are regenerated.
Start revisingSummary Map
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Rate Equations Map
Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry (9701) · Topic 26 Reaction kinetics · Rate equations
The whole section on one A4 page: measuring a rate, rate equations, units of k, initial rates, graph shapes and half-life, with worked examples.
Mechanisms and Catalysts Map
Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry (9701) · Topic 26 Reaction kinetics · Mechanisms, temperature and catalysts
The whole section on one A4 page: the slow step, mechanisms from rate equations, temperature and k, how catalysts work, and homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts.
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Specification
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26.1.1
26.1.2
26.1.3
- a
show understanding that the half-life of a first-order reaction is independent of concentration
Revise
26.1.4
26.1.5
- a
for a multi-step reaction: suggest a reaction mechanism that is consistent with the rate equation and the equation for the overall reaction
Revise - b
for a multi-step reaction: predict the order that would result from a given reaction mechanism and rate-determining step
Revise - c
for a multi-step reaction: deduce a rate equation using a given reaction mechanism and rate-determining step for a given reaction
Revise - d
for a multi-step reaction: identify an intermediate or catalyst from a given reaction mechanism
Revise - e
for a multi-step reaction: identify the rate determining step from a rate equation and a given reaction mechanism
Revise
26.1.6
- 26.1.6
describe qualitatively the effect of temperature change on the rate constant and hence the rate of a reaction
Revise
26.2.1
26.2.2
26.2.3
- 26.2.3
describe the mode of action of a homogeneous catalyst by being used in one step and reformed in a later step
Revise - a
describe the mode of action of a homogeneous catalyst, for example atmospheric oxides of nitrogen in the oxidation of atmospheric sulfur dioxide
Revise - b
describe the mode of action of a homogeneous catalyst, for example Fe2+ or Fe3+ in the I–/S2O82– reaction
Revise
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