Topic 37
Analytical
Techniques
Topic 37 covers thin-layer chromatography and Rf values, gas–liquid chromatography, retention times and percentage composition, carbon-13 NMR, and proton NMR with chemical shifts, relative peak areas, splitting patterns, TMS, deuterated solvents and proton exchange with D₂O.
Revision Notes
4 revision notes, in the order the specification teaches them.
Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy
¹³C NMR spectroscopy: carbon environments, number of peaks, chemical shift and deducing structures.
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Proton NMR Spectroscopy
¹H NMR spectroscopy: chemical shift, integration, the n + 1 rule and splitting patterns, and deducing structures from spectra.
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Chromatography: Thin-Layer Chromatography and Rf Values
Chromatography: stationary and mobile phases, thin-layer chromatography and Rf values.
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Gas Chromatography and Retention Times
Gas chromatography: retention times, peak areas.
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Analytical Techniques Map
Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry · Topic 37 Analytical techniques
The whole section on one A4 page: thin-layer and gas chromatography, ¹³C and ¹H NMR, splitting and D₂O exchange.
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Specification
Every specification point in this topic, in the exam board's own words. Rate how confident you are with each one.
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37.1.1
37.1.2
37.1.3
37.2.1
37.2.2
37.2.3
37.3.1
37.3.2
37.4.1
- a
analyse and interpret a proton (1H) NMR spectrum of a simple molecule to deduce the different environments of proton present using chemical shift values
Revise - b
analyse and interpret a proton (1H) NMR spectrum of a simple molecule to deduce the relative numbers of each type of proton present from relative peak areas
Revise - c
analyse and interpret a proton (1H) NMR spectrum of a simple molecule to deduce the number of equivalent protons on the carbon atom adjacent to the one to which the given proton is attached from the splitting pattern, using the n + 1 rule (limited to singlet, doublet, triplet, quartet and multiplet)
Revise - d
analyse and interpret a proton (1H) NMR spectrum of a simple molecule to deduce the possible structures for the molecule
Revise
37.4.2
37.4.3
- 37.4.3
describe the use of tetramethylsilane, TMS, as the standard for chemical shift measurements
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37.4.4
- 37.4.4
state the need for deuterated solvents, e.g. CDCl3, when obtaining a proton NMR spectrum
Revise
37.4.5
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