Topic 33
Carboxylic Acids
and Derivatives
Topic 33 extends carboxylic acids to A Level. The acyl chloride page covers their formation, their reactions with water, alcohols, phenol, ammonia and amines, the addition–elimination mechanism and the relative ease of hydrolysis of acyl chlorides, alkyl chlorides and aryl chlorides. The A Level outcomes on benzoic acid, relative acidity and further oxidation are taught on the Topic 18 carboxylic acid pages.
Revision Notes
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Summary Map
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Acyl Chlorides Map
Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry · Topic 33 Carboxylic acids and derivatives
Every reaction on one A4 page: reagents, conditions and reaction type for each arrow, colour coded, with the key tests.
Acyl Chlorides and Acidity Summary Map
Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry · Topic 33 Carboxylic acids and derivatives
The whole section on one A4 page: making acyl chlorides, their reactions, addition-elimination, acids, phenols and alcohols, chloro acids, oxidation and hydrolysis.
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33.1.1
- a
recall the reaction by which benzoic acid can be produced: reaction of an alkylbenzene with hot alkaline KMnO4 and then dilute acid, exemplified by methylbenzene
Revise
33.1.2
33.1.3
- a
recognise that some carboxylic acids can be further oxidised: the oxidation of methanoic acid, HCOOH, with Fehling's reagent or Tollens' reagent or acidified KMnO4 or acidified K2Cr2O7 to carbon dioxide and water
Revise - b
recognise that some carboxylic acids can be further oxidised: the oxidation of ethanedioic acid, HOOCCOOH, with warm acidified KMnO4 to carbon dioxide
Revise
33.1.4
33.1.5
33.2.1
- a i
recall the reaction by which esters can be produced: reaction of alcohols with acyl chlorides using the formation of ethyl ethanoate as an example
Revise - a ii
recall the reaction by which esters can be produced: reaction of alcohols with acyl chlorides using the formation of phenyl benzoate as an example
Revise
33.3.1
- a i
recall the reaction (reagents and conditions) by which acyl chlorides can be produced: reaction of carboxylic acids with PCl3 and heat
Revise - a ii
recall the reaction (reagents and conditions) by which acyl chlorides can be produced: reaction of carboxylic acids with PCl5
Revise - a iii
recall the reaction (reagents and conditions) by which acyl chlorides can be produced: reaction of carboxylic acids with SOCl2
Revise
33.3.2
- a
describe the hydrolysis of acyl chlorides on addition of water at room temperature to give the carboxylic acid and HCl
Revise - b
describe the reaction of acyl chlorides with an alcohol at room temperature to produce an ester and HCl
Revise - c
describe the reaction of acyl chlorides with phenol at room temperature to produce an ester and HCl
Revise - d
describe the reaction of acyl chlorides with ammonia at room temperature to produce an amide and HCl
Revise - e
describe the reaction of acyl chlorides with a primary or secondary amine at room temperature to produce an amide and HCl
Revise
33.3.3
- 33.3.3
describe the addition–elimination mechanism of acyl chlorides in reactions in 33.3.2(a)–(e)
Revise
33.3.4
- 33.3.4
explain the relative ease of hydrolysis of acyl chlorides, alkyl chlorides and halogenoarenes (aryl chlorides)
Revise
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