Topic 14
Redox II
Topic 14 builds on Redox I. It covers oxidation and reduction of s-, p- and d-block elements, standard electrode potentials and the standard hydrogen electrode, electrochemical cells, cell diagrams and standard emf, the electrochemical series, thermodynamic feasibility, kinetic inhibition and disproportionation, the link between E⦵cell, total entropy and ln K, storage cells, hydrogen–oxygen and methanol fuel cells, and redox titrations with Fe²⁺/MnO₄⁻ and I₂/S₂O₃²⁻.
Revision Notes
9 revision notes, in the order the specification teaches them.
Redox, Oxidation Numbers and Half-Equations
Redox: electron transfer, oxidation numbers, oxidising and reducing agents and constructing redox equations from half-equations.
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Standard Electrode Potentials and the Hydrogen Electrode
The standard electrode potential: half-cells, standard conditions of 298 K, 100 kPa and 1.00 mol dm⁻³, and the standard hydrogen electrode.
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Electrochemical Cells, Cell Diagrams and Cell Potentials
Electrochemical cells: half-cells, the salt bridge, cell diagrams and calculating the standard emf.
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The Electrochemical Series and Feasibility of Reactions
The electrochemical series: oxidising and reducing agents, predicting feasibility from E⦵ values and the limitations of the predictions.
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Cell Potential, Total Entropy and Equilibrium Constants
E⦵cell, total entropy change and ln K: how cell potential measures the feasibility and extent of a reaction.
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Storage Cells
Storage cells: electrode reactions, overall equations and cell voltage from electrode potential data.
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Fuel Cells
Fuel cells: the hydrogen–oxygen fuel cell, electrode half-equations in acidic and alkaline electrolytes and the overall reaction.
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Redox Titrations: Iron(II) and Manganate(VII)
Redox titrations with potassium manganate(VII) and iron(II): equations, method, end point and calculations.
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Redox Titrations: Iodine and Thiosulfate
Iodine–thiosulfate titrations: equations, the starch indicator, method and calculations.
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Electrode Potentials Map
Edexcel A Level Chemistry · Topic 14A Electrode Potentials and Cells
The whole section on one A4 page: half-equations, standard electrode potentials, cells and E⦵cell, the electrochemical series and feasibility, limits, entropy and K, and storage and fuel cells.
Redox Titrations Map
Edexcel A Level Chemistry · Topic 14B Redox Titrations
The whole section on one A4 page: manganate(VII) with iron(II), Core Practical 11, other reducing agents, iodine and thiosulfate, ratios through iodine, and uncertainty and validity.
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Specification
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14.1
- 14.1
understand the terms ‘oxidation’ and ‘reduction’ in terms of electron transfer, applied to s-, p- and d-block elements
Revise
14.2
- 14.2
understand the terms ‘oxidation’ and ‘reduction’ in terms of changes in oxidation number, applied to s-, p- and d-block elements
Revise
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
- i
understand that different methods are used to measure standard electrode potentials of: metals or non-metals in contact with their ions in aqueous solution
Revise - ii
understand that different methods are used to measure standard electrode potentials of: ions of the same element with different oxidation numbers
Revise
14.7
14.8
14.9
14.10
- 14.10
be able to predict the thermodynamic feasibility of a reaction using standard electrode potentials
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14.11
- 14.11
understand that Eo cell is directly proportional to the total entropy change and to ln K for a reaction
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14.12
14.13
14.14
14.15
14.16
- 14.16
understand that the energy released on the reaction of a fuel with oxygen is utilised in a fuel cell to generate a voltage Knowledge that methanol and other hydrogen-rich fuels are used in fuel cells is expected.
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14.17
14.18
14.19
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