This course covers the heat energy changes that accompany chemical reactions: exothermic and endothermic reactions, enthalpy level diagrams and activation energy, standard conditions and the standard enthalpy changes of reaction, formation, combustion and neutralisation, measuring enthalpy changes by calorimetry with q = mcΔT, Hess's law and enthalpy cycles, and calculating enthalpy changes from bond enthalpies, aligned with Edexcel International A Level Chemistry (WCH12) Topic 6 (6.1 to 6.11).
This course covers the forces that act between molecules and the physical properties they explain: London forces (instantaneous dipole-induced dipole), permanent dipole-permanent dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding; the anomalous properties of water including the density of ice; trends in boiling temperature for alkanes, branched isomers, alcohols and the hydrogen halides; and the factors that decide the choice of solvent, aligned with Edexcel International A Level Chemistry Topic 7 (7.1 to 7.6).
