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AQA A Level Chemistry

Covalent
Bonding

Covalent bonding in AQA 3.1.3 focuses on shared pairs of electrons, multiple covalent bonds and co-ordinate bonds. These pages also connect covalent bonding to electronegativity, polar covalent bonds and the way electron distribution affects molecular polarity.

Exam Paper
Paper 1
7405/1
Specification Points
3.1.3.2 & 3.1.3.6
Covalent bonds and electronegativity
Topic Parts
3 parts
Revision notes available
Exam Board
AQA
AQA 7405

Revision Notes

Work through each Covalent Bonding page in a structured AQA sequence.

Shared pairs
Covalent
Bonding
1
Available

Covalent Bonding

Single covalent bonds, multiple covalent bonds and the use of a line to represent a shared pair of electrons.

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Both electrons supplied
Dative
Bonding
2
Available

Dative Covalent Bonding

Co-ordinate bonds, electron pair donation and using an arrow to represent a dative covalent bond.

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Electron attraction
Electro-
negativity
3
Available

Electronegativity

Electronegativity as the power of an atom to attract the pair of electrons in a covalent bond.

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Specification Coverage

Covalent Bonding – AQA A Level Chemistry

The following AQA specification points outline the covalent bonding content covered across these pages.

3.1.3.2 Nature of covalent and dative covalent bonds

3.1.3.2
A single covalent bond contains a shared pair of electrons.
3.1.3.2
Multiple bonds contain multiple pairs of electrons.
3.1.3.2
A co-ordinate (dative covalent) bond contains a shared pair of electrons with both electrons supplied by one atom.
Skills
Students should be able to represent:
1
a covalent bond using a line
2
a co-ordinate bond using an arrow.

3.1.3.6 Bond polarity

3.1.3.6
Electronegativity as the power of an atom to attract the pair of electrons in a covalent bond.
3.1.3.6
The electron distribution in a covalent bond between elements with different electronegativities will be unsymmetrical. This produces a polar covalent bond, and may cause a molecule to have a permanent dipole.
Specification Coverage

Covalent Bonding – AQA A Level Chemistry

The following AQA specification points outline the covalent bonding content covered across these pages.

3.1.3.2 Nature of covalent and dative covalent bonds

3.1.3.2
A single covalent bond contains a shared pair of electrons.
3.1.3.2
Multiple bonds contain multiple pairs of electrons.
3.1.3.2
A co-ordinate (dative covalent) bond contains a shared pair of electrons with both electrons supplied by one atom.
Skills
Students should be able to represent:
1
a covalent bond using a line
2
a co-ordinate bond using an arrow.

3.1.3.6 Bond polarity

3.1.3.6
Electronegativity as the power of an atom to attract the pair of electrons in a covalent bond.
3.1.3.6
The electron distribution in a covalent bond between elements with different electronegativities will be unsymmetrical. This produces a polar covalent bond, and may cause a molecule to have a permanent dipole.